摩擦电选过程动力学及微粉煤强化分选研究
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摘要
摩擦电选在微粉煤脱硫降灰、粉煤灰脱炭及细粒矿物分选方面有着非常广阔的应用前景,对摩擦电选理论与方法的研究是矿物加工领域的国际前沿课题。本论文在综述国内外相关文献资料基础上,围绕摩擦电选过程动力学和化学改性强化微粉煤摩擦电选开展了相关基础研究。研究了荷电颗粒在静电场中的运动规律,初步建立了化学改性强化微粉煤摩擦电选的调控理论与方法,探讨了化学改性强化煤和矿物颗粒摩擦异性荷电机理,进行了化学改性微粉煤摩擦电选试验。初步设计了在线化学改性调控摩擦电选系统,为摩擦电选技术特别是微粉煤摩擦电选工业应用提供了理论基础和技术支持。
论文对摩擦电选过程动力学理论研究表明,荷电颗粒在摩擦电选过程中主要受电场力、曳力和重力的作用,并建立了摩擦荷电颗粒在电场中的动力学方程。采用MATLAB软件对摩擦荷电颗粒在电场中运动轨迹的模拟研究表明,颗粒粒度、电场强度、气流速度和荷质比对分选过程有显著影响,而颗粒密度对分选效果影响不大。结合摩擦荷电荷质比试验数据对煤和矿物颗粒在静电场中运动轨迹的模拟研究表明0.25~0.074 mm粒级颗粒最易于分选。利用高速动态分析系统对煤和矿物颗粒在电场中运动规律的研究表明颗粒水平和垂直加速度都呈现似正弦波变化,粒度越细加速度波动越大。
采用13种化学药剂进行的化学改性强化煤和矿物颗粒摩擦荷电基础研究表明,化学改性方法可以有效强化煤和矿物颗粒的摩擦荷电性能,综合分析湿法改性和干法改性试验结果认为,烷烃类药剂具有良好的改性效果,而离子类药剂改性的选择性较差,不利于煤和矿物颗粒的摩擦电选分离,所选药剂中木质素、煤油、乙醇、氨水对微粉煤改性处理将会改善摩擦电选效果。对不同密度级煤样化学改性前后摩擦荷电特性的研究表明,木质素、煤油、轻柴油、乙醇、氨水的化学改性能有效改变不同密度级煤样的摩擦荷电性能,增强了低密度级和高密度级煤样的摩擦荷电差异,但难以使高密度级煤样荷电极性反转。对不同密度级煤样改性前后的红外光谱研究表明,荷质比与主要极性官能团吸收强度具有相关性,主要极性官能团的吸收强度减弱,则样品摩擦荷电趋于荷正电,其吸收强度增强,则样品摩擦荷电时趋于荷负电。
微粉煤摩擦电选试验结果表明,随着风量增加,脱灰率和脱硫率降低,可燃体回收率增加;随着电压提高,脱灰率和可燃体回收率增加,脱硫率降低;给料速度对分选效果影响不明显。化学改性微粉煤摩擦电选试验结果表明,干法化学改性可以有效提高微粉煤摩擦电选效果,所选用药剂中氨水、煤油和轻柴油改性作用效果最好,使精煤产率提高约10%,最佳药剂用量范围为500~2000 g/t煤样。试验结果证明化学改性强化微粉煤摩擦电选方法具有实际可行性和经济可行性。
As a potential technology, triboelectrostatic separation has a wide range of application in the field of deash and desulfurization of coal powder, decarburization of fly ash and fine mineral processing. Research on the theory and method of triboelectrostatic separation is one of the frontier topics in the field of mineral processing. On the basis of extensive literature review, this dissertation mainly focused on the fundamental research of triboelectrostatic separation dynamics and enhanced fine coal triboelectrostatic separation by chemical modification. Law of motion of tribocharged particles in the process of triboelectrostatic separation was studied, and conditioning theory and method of enhanced fine coal triboelectrostatic separation by chemical modification was established initially. Mechanism of enhanced tribocharge of coal and mineral particles with opposite charges by chemical modification was discussed. The separation experiment for coal powder which was modified by chemicals was done and studied by using the laboratorial triboelectrostatic separation system. The triboelectrostatic separation system with online chemical modification was designed initially. These provided theoretic basis and technology support for the industrial application of triboelectrostatic separation, and especially for the industrial application of fine coal triboelectrostatic separation.
The research on the triboelectrostatic separation dynamics show that the tribocharged particles were affected mainly by the electric field force/ drag force and gravity. The equation of dynamics of the tribocharged particles in electric field was established. The trajectory of the tribocharged particle in high-voltage electrostatic field was simulated using MATLAB software, and the results show that the size of particle,the intensity of electric field, the air speed and the charge-mass ratio have significant effects on the separation processing. The density of particle has a little effect on the separation results. The trajectories of coal and mineral particles were simulated using the charge-mass ratio data of the tribocharge tests by dint of MATLAB software, the simulation results show that the particles in the size fraction of 0.25~0.074 mm are the best ones to be separated easily. The particle trajectory were tested by high speed camera and analyzed by professional analysis software and the results show that the horizontal and vertical acceleration of the particle varies as sine wave, and the smaller the size is, the higher the wave of acceleration.
Fundamental study of enhanced tribocharge of the coal and mineral particles by chemical modification were carried out using thirteen kinds of reagents and the results show that the performance of coal and mineral particles were improved after pretreated by chemical modification. The test data of modification by wet and dry process were comprehensive analyzed, and the results indicate that alkanes reagents are better for surface modification and ionic reagents are no conductive to triboelectrostatic separation of coal and mineral for lower selectivity. Ethanol, kerosene, ammonia and lignin are all more effective modification agents for improving fine coal triboelectrostatic separation. The chemical modification experiments of different density fraction coal were conducted and the characteristics of triboelectrification were tested. The results show that the charge performance of each density fraction coal particles pretreated by chemical modification is changed and the difference between the lower and the higher density fraction coal is enhanced. The polarity of tribocharge on high density fraction coal particle is difficult to reverse. The results of FTIR of each density fraction coal particles untreated and pretreated by chemicals show that the tribocharge-mass ratio is observed significant correlation with the absorbance intensity of the main polarity functional group. It is indicated that if the absorbance of the main polarity functional group on the particle surface decrease, the polarity of the tribocharge of the particle would tend to be positive, and if the absorbance of the main polarity functional group on the particle surface increase, the polarity of the tribocharge of the particle would tend to be negative.
The results of fine coal triboelectrostatic separation tests show that the efficiency of deash and desulfurization decrease and the combustible recovery enhance with the increase of air flux. The efficiency of deash and the combustible recovery enhance and the efficiency of desulfurization reduce with the increase of the voltage. The interaction of the factors has significant influence on the efficiency of deash. The triboelectrostatic separation results of fine coal which was modified by chemicals show that the efficiency of coal powder triboelectrostatic separation is improved efficiently by chemical modification, and ammonia, kerosene and light diesel oil are the most effective chemical agents with an increase of clean coal yield of about 10%. The optimal amount of reagent is in a range of 500~2000 g per ton of fine coal. The experimental results show that the method of chemical surface modification to enhance fine coal triboelectrostatic separation is practicable with economic feasibility.
论文对摩擦电选过程动力学理论研究表明,荷电颗粒在摩擦电选过程中主要受电场力、曳力和重力的作用,并建立了摩擦荷电颗粒在电场中的动力学方程。采用MATLAB软件对摩擦荷电颗粒在电场中运动轨迹的模拟研究表明,颗粒粒度、电场强度、气流速度和荷质比对分选过程有显著影响,而颗粒密度对分选效果影响不大。结合摩擦荷电荷质比试验数据对煤和矿物颗粒在静电场中运动轨迹的模拟研究表明0.25~0.074 mm粒级颗粒最易于分选。利用高速动态分析系统对煤和矿物颗粒在电场中运动规律的研究表明颗粒水平和垂直加速度都呈现似正弦波变化,粒度越细加速度波动越大。
采用13种化学药剂进行的化学改性强化煤和矿物颗粒摩擦荷电基础研究表明,化学改性方法可以有效强化煤和矿物颗粒的摩擦荷电性能,综合分析湿法改性和干法改性试验结果认为,烷烃类药剂具有良好的改性效果,而离子类药剂改性的选择性较差,不利于煤和矿物颗粒的摩擦电选分离,所选药剂中木质素、煤油、乙醇、氨水对微粉煤改性处理将会改善摩擦电选效果。对不同密度级煤样化学改性前后摩擦荷电特性的研究表明,木质素、煤油、轻柴油、乙醇、氨水的化学改性能有效改变不同密度级煤样的摩擦荷电性能,增强了低密度级和高密度级煤样的摩擦荷电差异,但难以使高密度级煤样荷电极性反转。对不同密度级煤样改性前后的红外光谱研究表明,荷质比与主要极性官能团吸收强度具有相关性,主要极性官能团的吸收强度减弱,则样品摩擦荷电趋于荷正电,其吸收强度增强,则样品摩擦荷电时趋于荷负电。
微粉煤摩擦电选试验结果表明,随着风量增加,脱灰率和脱硫率降低,可燃体回收率增加;随着电压提高,脱灰率和可燃体回收率增加,脱硫率降低;给料速度对分选效果影响不明显。化学改性微粉煤摩擦电选试验结果表明,干法化学改性可以有效提高微粉煤摩擦电选效果,所选用药剂中氨水、煤油和轻柴油改性作用效果最好,使精煤产率提高约10%,最佳药剂用量范围为500~2000 g/t煤样。试验结果证明化学改性强化微粉煤摩擦电选方法具有实际可行性和经济可行性。
As a potential technology, triboelectrostatic separation has a wide range of application in the field of deash and desulfurization of coal powder, decarburization of fly ash and fine mineral processing. Research on the theory and method of triboelectrostatic separation is one of the frontier topics in the field of mineral processing. On the basis of extensive literature review, this dissertation mainly focused on the fundamental research of triboelectrostatic separation dynamics and enhanced fine coal triboelectrostatic separation by chemical modification. Law of motion of tribocharged particles in the process of triboelectrostatic separation was studied, and conditioning theory and method of enhanced fine coal triboelectrostatic separation by chemical modification was established initially. Mechanism of enhanced tribocharge of coal and mineral particles with opposite charges by chemical modification was discussed. The separation experiment for coal powder which was modified by chemicals was done and studied by using the laboratorial triboelectrostatic separation system. The triboelectrostatic separation system with online chemical modification was designed initially. These provided theoretic basis and technology support for the industrial application of triboelectrostatic separation, and especially for the industrial application of fine coal triboelectrostatic separation.
The research on the triboelectrostatic separation dynamics show that the tribocharged particles were affected mainly by the electric field force/ drag force and gravity. The equation of dynamics of the tribocharged particles in electric field was established. The trajectory of the tribocharged particle in high-voltage electrostatic field was simulated using MATLAB software, and the results show that the size of particle,the intensity of electric field, the air speed and the charge-mass ratio have significant effects on the separation processing. The density of particle has a little effect on the separation results. The trajectories of coal and mineral particles were simulated using the charge-mass ratio data of the tribocharge tests by dint of MATLAB software, the simulation results show that the particles in the size fraction of 0.25~0.074 mm are the best ones to be separated easily. The particle trajectory were tested by high speed camera and analyzed by professional analysis software and the results show that the horizontal and vertical acceleration of the particle varies as sine wave, and the smaller the size is, the higher the wave of acceleration.
Fundamental study of enhanced tribocharge of the coal and mineral particles by chemical modification were carried out using thirteen kinds of reagents and the results show that the performance of coal and mineral particles were improved after pretreated by chemical modification. The test data of modification by wet and dry process were comprehensive analyzed, and the results indicate that alkanes reagents are better for surface modification and ionic reagents are no conductive to triboelectrostatic separation of coal and mineral for lower selectivity. Ethanol, kerosene, ammonia and lignin are all more effective modification agents for improving fine coal triboelectrostatic separation. The chemical modification experiments of different density fraction coal were conducted and the characteristics of triboelectrification were tested. The results show that the charge performance of each density fraction coal particles pretreated by chemical modification is changed and the difference between the lower and the higher density fraction coal is enhanced. The polarity of tribocharge on high density fraction coal particle is difficult to reverse. The results of FTIR of each density fraction coal particles untreated and pretreated by chemicals show that the tribocharge-mass ratio is observed significant correlation with the absorbance intensity of the main polarity functional group. It is indicated that if the absorbance of the main polarity functional group on the particle surface decrease, the polarity of the tribocharge of the particle would tend to be positive, and if the absorbance of the main polarity functional group on the particle surface increase, the polarity of the tribocharge of the particle would tend to be negative.
The results of fine coal triboelectrostatic separation tests show that the efficiency of deash and desulfurization decrease and the combustible recovery enhance with the increase of air flux. The efficiency of deash and the combustible recovery enhance and the efficiency of desulfurization reduce with the increase of the voltage. The interaction of the factors has significant influence on the efficiency of deash. The triboelectrostatic separation results of fine coal which was modified by chemicals show that the efficiency of coal powder triboelectrostatic separation is improved efficiently by chemical modification, and ammonia, kerosene and light diesel oil are the most effective chemical agents with an increase of clean coal yield of about 10%. The optimal amount of reagent is in a range of 500~2000 g per ton of fine coal. The experimental results show that the method of chemical surface modification to enhance fine coal triboelectrostatic separation is practicable with economic feasibility.
引文
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