丁香属两种植物花芽分化形态发育及其生理基础的研究
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摘要
本文以紫丁香和什锦丁香为研究材料,采用石蜡切片法研究两种丁香花芽分化的形态学过程,同时对其花芽分化过程中花芽及其叶片中激素含量、核酸含量、营养物质含量的变化规律进行了分析,确定了两种丁香花芽分化的时期和进程及两种丁香花芽分化过程中激素、核酸、营养物质与花芽分化之间的相互关系。本研究主要结果如下:
1.生理分化期:紫丁香生理分化期为5月末到7月中旬,约50天左右。什锦丁香生理分化期为6月初到7月末。
2.紫丁香和什锦丁香的花芽形态分化过程均分为8个时期,即未分化期,开始分化期,总苞分化期,花蕾原基分化期,花萼分化期,花瓣分化期,雄蕊分化期,雌蕊分化期。
3.在花芽孕育阶段,紫丁香花芽中可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质及核酸含量都大量积累,在花芽形态分化初期四项指标含量均下降,在花芽形态分化后期四项指标均有所上升。在花芽孕育阶段,什锦丁香叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质及核酸含量都大量积累。
4.紫丁香花芽在生理分化期总核酸含量持续增长,在形态分化初期总核酸含量下降。核酸代谢模式为:RNA双峰,DNA单峰,RNA/DNA比值双峰。什锦丁香叶片中总核酸含量变化趋势与紫丁香相似,其总核酸含量高峰比紫丁香晚一周,核酸代谢模式为:RNA单峰,DNA双峰,RNA/DNA比值双峰。
5.在紫丁香和什锦丁香花芽分化过程中,叶片中高含量的ZRs和ABA促进花芽形成。高比值的ZRs/IAA有利于花芽孕育和花芽形态的分化。高比值的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA有利于花芽形态的分化。
Syringa Oblata and Syringa Chinensis Will were used as experiment materials in study. The morphological progress of flower bud differentiation was studied by the method of paraffin section and changes of hormone content, nutrient content and nucleic acid content were analyzed in the floral bud differentiation. It determined the period and process of flower bud differentiation and the relations between hormone, nutrition, nucleic acid and flower bud differentiation of two kinds of Syringa spp. The experiment results were as follows:
1. Physiological differentiation stage: physiological differentiation stage of Syringa Oblata was from May to July, about fifty days. Physiological differentiation stage of Syringa Chinensis Will was from June to July.
2. The flower bud differentiations of two kinds of Syringa spp. were divided into eight stages,including vegetative phase, initial differentiation phase, involumcrum differentiation phase, inflorescence primordium differentiation phase, sepal differentiation phase, petal differentiation phase, stamen differentiation phase and pistil differentiation phase.
3. In the stage of flower bud breeding of Syringa Oblata, the contents of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein and nucleic acid all accumulated largely. They were decreased in morphological differentiation stage, but increased a little in later flower differentiation. In the stage of flower bud breeding of Syringa Chinensis Will, the contents of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein and nucleic acid were all accumulated largely.
4. The total content of nucleic acid was increased continuously in physiological differentiation stage of flower bud and decreased in early morphological differentiation stage. Metabolism model of nucleic acid was that the trend of RNA was double peaks and DNA was single peak, RNA/DNA was approximate to double peaks. The change trend of nucleic acid content of Syringa Chinensis Will leaf was similar to Syringa Oblata, but its peak was later one week than Syringa Oblata. Metabolism model of nucleic acid was that the trend of RNA was single peak and DNA was double peaks, RNA/DNA was double peaks.
5. In the flower bud differentiation of Syringa Oblata and Syringa Chinensis Will, the high contents of ZRs and ABA in flower leaf promoted formation of flower bud. High levels of IAA and GA inhibited flower bud formation. High level of ZRs/IAA was not only helpful to the formation of floral buds, but also benefit for the flower buds morphological development. High levels of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA were helpful to flower buds morphological development.
1.生理分化期:紫丁香生理分化期为5月末到7月中旬,约50天左右。什锦丁香生理分化期为6月初到7月末。
2.紫丁香和什锦丁香的花芽形态分化过程均分为8个时期,即未分化期,开始分化期,总苞分化期,花蕾原基分化期,花萼分化期,花瓣分化期,雄蕊分化期,雌蕊分化期。
3.在花芽孕育阶段,紫丁香花芽中可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质及核酸含量都大量积累,在花芽形态分化初期四项指标含量均下降,在花芽形态分化后期四项指标均有所上升。在花芽孕育阶段,什锦丁香叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质及核酸含量都大量积累。
4.紫丁香花芽在生理分化期总核酸含量持续增长,在形态分化初期总核酸含量下降。核酸代谢模式为:RNA双峰,DNA单峰,RNA/DNA比值双峰。什锦丁香叶片中总核酸含量变化趋势与紫丁香相似,其总核酸含量高峰比紫丁香晚一周,核酸代谢模式为:RNA单峰,DNA双峰,RNA/DNA比值双峰。
5.在紫丁香和什锦丁香花芽分化过程中,叶片中高含量的ZRs和ABA促进花芽形成。高比值的ZRs/IAA有利于花芽孕育和花芽形态的分化。高比值的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA有利于花芽形态的分化。
Syringa Oblata and Syringa Chinensis Will were used as experiment materials in study. The morphological progress of flower bud differentiation was studied by the method of paraffin section and changes of hormone content, nutrient content and nucleic acid content were analyzed in the floral bud differentiation. It determined the period and process of flower bud differentiation and the relations between hormone, nutrition, nucleic acid and flower bud differentiation of two kinds of Syringa spp. The experiment results were as follows:
1. Physiological differentiation stage: physiological differentiation stage of Syringa Oblata was from May to July, about fifty days. Physiological differentiation stage of Syringa Chinensis Will was from June to July.
2. The flower bud differentiations of two kinds of Syringa spp. were divided into eight stages,including vegetative phase, initial differentiation phase, involumcrum differentiation phase, inflorescence primordium differentiation phase, sepal differentiation phase, petal differentiation phase, stamen differentiation phase and pistil differentiation phase.
3. In the stage of flower bud breeding of Syringa Oblata, the contents of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein and nucleic acid all accumulated largely. They were decreased in morphological differentiation stage, but increased a little in later flower differentiation. In the stage of flower bud breeding of Syringa Chinensis Will, the contents of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein and nucleic acid were all accumulated largely.
4. The total content of nucleic acid was increased continuously in physiological differentiation stage of flower bud and decreased in early morphological differentiation stage. Metabolism model of nucleic acid was that the trend of RNA was double peaks and DNA was single peak, RNA/DNA was approximate to double peaks. The change trend of nucleic acid content of Syringa Chinensis Will leaf was similar to Syringa Oblata, but its peak was later one week than Syringa Oblata. Metabolism model of nucleic acid was that the trend of RNA was single peak and DNA was double peaks, RNA/DNA was double peaks.
5. In the flower bud differentiation of Syringa Oblata and Syringa Chinensis Will, the high contents of ZRs and ABA in flower leaf promoted formation of flower bud. High levels of IAA and GA inhibited flower bud formation. High level of ZRs/IAA was not only helpful to the formation of floral buds, but also benefit for the flower buds morphological development. High levels of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA were helpful to flower buds morphological development.
引文
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