基于以太列车骨干网的高速列车网络应用研究
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摘要
我国现有的CRH3高速列车网络采用的是TCN协议。而当前以太网在各个领域有广泛的应用,如何把工业以太网应用到高速列车的控制网络中成为了国内外技术人员研究的热点。国际电工委员会IEC在2010年底颁布的以太列车骨干网(IEC61375-2-5),为以太网技术在列车网络上的应用提供了一个新的标准。
本文使用带PCI总线的工控机作为网络节点,模拟高速列车车辆间的数据通信,采用NetFPGA板卡的4个千兆以太网口构建了8节列车车辆编组的网络通信模型,同时编程实现了以太列车骨干网的网络通信模型和以太列车骨干网的冗余网络。软件设计主要工作包括：(1)列车初运行协议,即对八台列车节点进行编组。实现的方法是先根据列车初运行协议定义的HEELLO帧运行所得结果来记录当前节点的邻节点的mac地址,然后发送拓扑帧来更新整个网络的mac地址表,最后对整个列车网络进行编组,实现列车车辆之间的通信；(2)冗余切换,备份节点不断的发出广播包探测运行节点的运行状态,当某节点出现故障时,能自动的进行故障单元和备份的节点之间的切换。(3)数据的优化调度,即优先处理列车的过程通信数据、消息数据,对流数据、多媒体、尽力而为的数据优先级排后。
通过对该平台的测试,以太列车骨干网络协议无论在可靠性、延迟时间、吞吐量、带宽利用率或者包损失率都有着较好的表现,对比TCN网络中的WTB网络的1M/s的传输速率,以太列车骨干网络协议无疑具有更好的网络连通性和负载能力。在保证列车网络正常运行,指令响应的实时性前提下,可以为多媒体,上网等功能预留更大的带宽,是新型列车网络发展的趋势。
The TCN protocol is being used in China's existing CRH3high-speed train network. The Industrial Ethernet is widely used in various fields. Thus, how to use the Industrial Ethernet to control the high-speed train network has become a hot research all around the world. The Ethernet train backbone (IEC61375-2-5) published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) provides a new standard for the Ethernet technology's application on the train network.
Industrial computers with PCI bus are used as nodes of the train Ethernet backbone to simulate the data communication between high-speed train vehicles. The network communication model of8marshalling train is built by NetFPGA board with four Gigabit Ethernet ports. The Ethernet train backbone model is constructed based on Ethernet train backbone's communication and its redundancy function. The main work of the software design includes:(1) the realization of train initialization protocol means marshalling the8train nodes. First it records the results of Mac address in accordance with the HELLO frame. Then the topology frame's results is used to record each Mac address and the Mac address table is updated. Finally, the entire train network is organized, that means the communication between vehicles has been realized.(2) the redundant switching, i.e. when a node fails, the network can automatically switch from the defective node to the backup node.(3) data optimal scheduling, Train communication data and message data have the priority, streaming data, multimedia and best-effort data have lower-priority.
Through the tests, the Ethernet train backbone network, in both the reliability and delay time, throughput and bandwidth utilization, packet loss rate has a better performance. Compared with the WTB network with only1M/s of data rate, the new train backbone network protocols undoubtedly have better connectivity and load capacity. Not only the new train backbone network can ensure transmission of the train control data and real-time response, but also can reserve more bandwidth for multimedia. The Ethernet train backbone will be the development trend of the train network.
本文使用带PCI总线的工控机作为网络节点,模拟高速列车车辆间的数据通信,采用NetFPGA板卡的4个千兆以太网口构建了8节列车车辆编组的网络通信模型,同时编程实现了以太列车骨干网的网络通信模型和以太列车骨干网的冗余网络。软件设计主要工作包括：(1)列车初运行协议,即对八台列车节点进行编组。实现的方法是先根据列车初运行协议定义的HEELLO帧运行所得结果来记录当前节点的邻节点的mac地址,然后发送拓扑帧来更新整个网络的mac地址表,最后对整个列车网络进行编组,实现列车车辆之间的通信；(2)冗余切换,备份节点不断的发出广播包探测运行节点的运行状态,当某节点出现故障时,能自动的进行故障单元和备份的节点之间的切换。(3)数据的优化调度,即优先处理列车的过程通信数据、消息数据,对流数据、多媒体、尽力而为的数据优先级排后。
通过对该平台的测试,以太列车骨干网络协议无论在可靠性、延迟时间、吞吐量、带宽利用率或者包损失率都有着较好的表现,对比TCN网络中的WTB网络的1M/s的传输速率,以太列车骨干网络协议无疑具有更好的网络连通性和负载能力。在保证列车网络正常运行,指令响应的实时性前提下,可以为多媒体,上网等功能预留更大的带宽,是新型列车网络发展的趋势。
The TCN protocol is being used in China's existing CRH3high-speed train network. The Industrial Ethernet is widely used in various fields. Thus, how to use the Industrial Ethernet to control the high-speed train network has become a hot research all around the world. The Ethernet train backbone (IEC61375-2-5) published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) provides a new standard for the Ethernet technology's application on the train network.
Industrial computers with PCI bus are used as nodes of the train Ethernet backbone to simulate the data communication between high-speed train vehicles. The network communication model of8marshalling train is built by NetFPGA board with four Gigabit Ethernet ports. The Ethernet train backbone model is constructed based on Ethernet train backbone's communication and its redundancy function. The main work of the software design includes:(1) the realization of train initialization protocol means marshalling the8train nodes. First it records the results of Mac address in accordance with the HELLO frame. Then the topology frame's results is used to record each Mac address and the Mac address table is updated. Finally, the entire train network is organized, that means the communication between vehicles has been realized.(2) the redundant switching, i.e. when a node fails, the network can automatically switch from the defective node to the backup node.(3) data optimal scheduling, Train communication data and message data have the priority, streaming data, multimedia and best-effort data have lower-priority.
Through the tests, the Ethernet train backbone network, in both the reliability and delay time, throughput and bandwidth utilization, packet loss rate has a better performance. Compared with the WTB network with only1M/s of data rate, the new train backbone network protocols undoubtedly have better connectivity and load capacity. Not only the new train backbone network can ensure transmission of the train control data and real-time response, but also can reserve more bandwidth for multimedia. The Ethernet train backbone will be the development trend of the train network.
引文
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