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动物医学专业实践教学模式的改革与创新研究
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摘要
高等教育的任务是培养具有创新精神和实践能力的高级专门人才,而实践教学是培养学生实践能力和创新精神的重要途径。本课题在实践教学的模式上作了一些改革和尝试。
     实践教学采取日常实验与集中实习相结合,课内实习与课外实习相结合,校内实习与校外实习相结合等三结合的实践教学模式。根据动物医学专业培养目标,通过课程实验、教学实习、社会实践、专业综合能力测试、劳动技能训练、生产实习、动物医院门诊实习、毕业实习、大学生科研训练等途径来实施。在新的教学实施计划中,将实验学时超过18学时的课程,将实验课单独开课,独立计分。将原高年级学生在动物医院门诊值班实习纳入课程实习,作为一门独立开设的实践教学课程《动物医院门诊实习》,单独记分,单独考核。增加了大学生科研训练、专业综合能力测试等实践教学环节,同时,把兽医诊疗实习的学时由原来的2周增加到4周。对于实践性较强的课程增加了1周的课程实习。通过这些措施,进一步促进学生动手能力和实践能力的培养。在教学经费投入中,注重对实验课倾斜,对某些课时多,实验消耗大的实验课给予专门资助。同时,在教学改革中,注重学生动手能力培养的研究。在整个实践教学模式中注重多科性和综合性,开设设计性、综合性、开放性实验。通过实验课程的整合优化,增加综合实验课。“产、学、研”相结合,充分利用社会资源,让学生尽早接触社会,进行现场实践教学。在教学内容上减少陈旧的和重复的教学内容。在教学手段上以信息技术手段代替传统的教学手段。
     抓好毕业论文和毕业实习。选有实践工作经验的教师担任实习指导教师。扩大现有教学实习基地的行业范围,安排学生到兽医相关基层单位进行毕业实习。这样能更好地理论联系实际,培养学生的动手能力、分析问题、解决问题的能力。建立稳定、高水平的实践教学基地。改变毕业论文完成过程,将教学实习、毕业实习和毕业论文有机结合,以解决生产中的实际问题为目的。
     建立实践教学考核制度。对实践教学的考核过去大多以实习表现、实习报告等作为考核内容,而忽视了综合实践能力的考核,将考核变成指导学生实习、培养学生的综合技能的教学组成部分,并贯穿于整个实践教学环节。根据内容确定考核形式,力求考核规范化、标准化,保证考核的公平合理。考核环节包括:笔试、口试、实践操作、实习报告、学生自行设计实验、小组讨论等。
The task of higher education is to cultivate the advanced specialized persons withinnovative minds and practical abilities, and the practical teaching is the key way to achievethe aim. The project has made some reforms and attempts in practical teaching pattern.
     The practical teaching adopts the three combinations pattern, which is composed of thecombination of routine experiment and concentrated practice, curricular and extracurricularexercitation, practicing on campus and outside of the college.
     Course experiment, teaching training, social practice, specialty comprehensive abilitytest, produce practice, clinical training, graduation field work and student research trainingare taken to reach the education aim of veterinary medicine major. In the new te aching plan,the experiment courses, exceeding 18 class hours, will be independently given and recorded.The clinical training that were taken in senior grade are merged into practical course,named animal hospital clinical training, as an independent course to be opened, tested andawarded credits. Student research training, specialty comprehensive ability test are added tothe practical teaching chain, meanwhile, the class hours of veterinary diagnosis traininghave been increased from the customary two weeks to four weeks. Those coursesemphasized on practicing are extended by a week time. These above strategies are furthercultivating the students' abilities of handling and practicing. In the teaching investment, theexperiment courses are valued and awarded special funds, particularly for those highly timeand materials consuming. At the same time, teaching reform attaches importance to theresearch of cultivating students' ability of handling. The whole practical teaching patternputs emphasis on multidisciplinary and comprehensives, implementing experiment coursewith the feature of designing, synthesis and opening. Synthesis experiment course will beenlarged via the course's integration and optimizing. The combination of produce, studyand research in addition with sufficient utilization of social resource will give the priority tostudents to keep in touch with society and join the practical teaching as early as possible.Moreover outdated and redundant curriculum will be cut down; meanwhile traditionalteaching method will be replaced by the information technology.
     Doing well in graduation thesis and practice, designating experienced teachers forcotmselors, widen the occupation of present teaching practice base and arranging student tothe grass roots of veterinary for practicing will be definitely conducive to integrate theorywith practice as well as to enhance the student's operation, analysis and settlementcapability. Steady and high standard practical teaching bases will be established, the processof the graduation thesis accomplishment will be changed, practice of teaching and graduation will be organically concretized with graduation thesis, and resolution to thepractical problems in produce will be set as our aim.
     Practical teaching assessment system will be constituted. The post practical teachingassessment which focuses on the practice performance and report neglects the evaluation ofthe student's overall practical capability. So the assessment will be remodeled thecomponent of and throughout the whole teaching practice chains, which will guidestudent's practice and train their overall capacity. Also according to its content, it will bedetermined with the assessment method for the criterion, standardization and the guaranteeof its justice. The assessment includes: writing and interview exam, practical operation,practice report, the DIY experiment and group seminar, etc.
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