历史语境与文本再现
|
摘要
威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner,1897-1962)是美国文学史上最重要的南方作家之一。他一直被认为是美国“南方文艺复兴”运动最具代表性的作家,创造了举世瞩目的文学成就,赢得众多来自世界各地的读者。他在其文学作品中构建了自己独特的小说体系——约克纳帕塔瓦法家族谱系小说。福克纳在邮票大小的地方展现了美国南方社会群体的众生相。他通过深刻的心理描写塑造了来自不同阶层的南方人物形象,折射了整个人类社会。从福克纳的作品可以看出,他的文学创作采用了多角度叙述、对位结构等多种现代叙事策略。他的作品照应了时代语境,蕴含了丰富的文化内涵。他的开拓实验的风格使他跻身于西方最为经典的现代派小说家之列。
在过去的五十年里,福克纳在世界文坛上产生了深远的影响,是各国作家模仿的榜样。同时他也是各国评论者的关注对象。很多评论者将作品的人物特征表现与历史语境相结合,取得了丰富的文化批评的研究成果。本论文主要考察福克纳是如何在文学创作中想像性地再现了所处的历史语境,全面探究福克纳文学作品与其所处时代的关系。在具体研究中,本论文整理了福克纳各创作阶段的代表作品,将主要代表作品与所处时代的特定历史语境相联系,运用文化批评的相关理论和视角阐释福克纳的作品内涵。
论文的主体部分由五个部分构成。第一部分是第一章导论。这部分从对福克纳及其生活时代背景的简略介绍开始,梳理福克纳及其作品自问世以来国内外研究的主要发展脉络,整理归纳半个多世纪以来的主要研究成果,完成福克纳作品及其研究概貌的综述。在此基础上推导论文的选题意义和研究价值。最后指出本论文的主要研究内容和研究架构。
第二部分为第二章“美国南方历史语境与福克纳的创作”,主要从总体层面阐述南方历史语境与福克纳创作的关系,为后续研究奠定基础。具体研究分为两个层面,包括美国社会自内战后到二十世纪六十年代发生的变革和福克纳不同时期的创作轨迹。首先介绍和描述福克纳所处时代美国发生的重要转变,即完成国家统一和实现从农业文明向现代工商业文明的转变。工业革命开始后,南方工业迅猛发展,铁路网拉近了人们的距离,使城镇逐渐成为南方经济、文化和政治的区域中心。与此同时,南方传统农业文明受到强烈冲击,人们的消费习惯和生活方式发生重大改变。这一时期还发生了经济大萧条、第一次世界大战、第二次世界大战、民权运动等重要事件。然后,将福克纳创作分为三个阶段,即1920-1929的早期创作阶段、1929-1949的巅峰鼎盛阶段和1949年后的后期创作阶段,结合不同创作阶段的历史语境和文化气候对福克纳不同时期的创作进行了总结和归纳。
第三章“爱米丽与加文：福克纳文本的人物再现”,是论文主体的第三部分,借助社会学家关于身份的概念分析福克纳作品中人物的身份特征。主要包括《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中的爱米丽·格里尔森和《坟墓里闯入者》中的加文·斯蒂文斯等人物形象。这两个人物分别对应了没落的旧南方贵族和现代南方的新兴中产阶级。他们的人物身份特征照应了他们所处的特定历史语境。无论是旧南方贵族淑女爱米丽的颓废腐朽,还是加文的新兴中产阶级形象,都暗示了美国南方社会自内战后到二十世纪六十年代的文化变迁时期的阶层人物特征。
第四章“农业文明向工商业文明的过渡：福克纳文本的文化再现”,主要从“农业文明的消逝”、“消费文化的兴起”、“工商业文明的批判”三方面全面考察福克纳在小说文本中如何具体呈现美国南方社会自内战结束国家统一后到二十世纪六十年代的文化变迁。福克纳在创作中展示了美国十九世纪末二十世纪初农业机械化的过程,由此可透视美国南方社会农业文明向工业文明过渡的重要特征以及工业化带给农业文明的影响；福克纳文本中和消费相关的书写表现了现代工商业文明对传统农业文明的侵蚀,改变了人们的消费观念和消费习惯；福克纳通过继承荒原传统表达了自己对于工商业文明的批判态度。
第五部分为第五章“农村与城镇：福克纳文本的阶层再现”。这一部分主要借助现代社会学理论研究福克纳作品体系中所呈现的南方特定社会的阶层特点。福克纳在很多作品中以美国南方庄园、偏僻农村和城市化进程中的城镇为背景,描述了在工业文明和文化冲击下的农村和城镇中的不同阶层。同时也展示了美国南方特定历史时期社会各阶层居民的生活以及精神状态。福克纳在众多作品中塑造了萨德本百亩地、麦卡斯林庄园、老法国人湾、杰斐逊城镇等美国南方社会文化变革时期的典型代表。这些农村和城镇是美国南方社会发展变化的缩影,透过它们可以管窥那些在工业文明和文化冲击下的南方居民阶层变革,可以更好地帮助读者理解生活在其中的主要人物的心理身份和行为动机。
最后一部分是结论。福克纳整个创作时期是在第一次世界大战之后,经历四十多年的文学创作后,于1962年去世。他所处南方社会发展变革的重要时期,纷繁复杂,重要历史事件众多,其创作也必然与这一时期的历史文化语境密切相关。福克纳的作品以多种叙事手法再现了美国南方在这一时期发生的社会变革面貌。将福克纳的作品置于美国南方特定历史语境下进行考查研究可以更深入地理解其作品的艺术内涵。
William Faulkner (1897-1962), regarded as the most typical representative writer of "The Southern Renaissance" in America, also called the flag-bearer of "The Southern Renaissance", is one of the greatest literary writer in American history of literature and a giant in the world literature arena, who kept writing for nearly four decades and produced many a classic and influential literary works, winning a large readership worldwide. His literary achivements are fabulous and extraordinary. In his literary works, he created his own literary realm, Yokanapatawpha, an imaginary county he built after Lafayete, his hometown, which displayed a magnificent view of the American South, with a very strong feature of the southern area. Faulkner depicted what happened in his hometown, his "postages tamp", to show the whole view of the society, including the movement of social strata and the reaction of common people during the social and cultural transmission period of the American South. And in his literary writing, he inherited the great tradition of the Southern Literature and at the same time adopted a great variety of modern narrative techniques in literature such as multiple point of view and a circular form, symbolic metaphor and contrapuntal type structure. Besides, he used the detailed psychological description to portray the characters vividly from all the social classes in the south in his novels, with which he showed the good and the bad of all human beings metaphorically. His works are filled with much cultural connotation and aesthetic tastes as a result of his echo to the cultural context of the era he was living in, and his experimental writing style, and finally he was listed among the most typical modem literary writers in the west.
In the past five decades, his novels brought influential impact on the world literature with their profound meanings and wide scope of topics, as a result of which he was imitated by the writers in many countries and also became the focus in the field of literary criticism in a lot of countries. Many literary theories have been applied in scrutinizing Faulkner's novels and many literary critics associated the features of people in the novels with the historical context, which to a great exten has added new achievements in Faulknerian studies from the perpective of cultural study. Thus, this dissertation will, on the basis of associating the main novels of Faulkner and the specific cultural and historical context of the time they were in, make a comprehensive investigation into how Faulkner imaginatively represented the historical context in his own literary writing, intend to figure out the relationship between Faulkner's main literary works and the time they were produced. In the research practice, the dissertation will attach the special importance to the historical context in which Faulkner created his novels, that is, the social transiting period of the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in the American South during the first half of twentieth century, explore the representative works in Faulkner's different writing periods as a whole in the context of the social transiting period of the American South. In addition, this dissertation will interpret the texts and Faulkner's writing aesthetics from the perspectives of the theories of cultural criticism.
The body of this dissertation is composed of five parts. The first part is Chapter one, an introduction which starts from a brief introduction to Faulkner and the time he was living in. What comes next is tracing the evolvement of the study on Faulkner and his literary works home and abroad, sorting the results of studies on the author and his works in the past five decades, and accomplishing the literature review of the research and the sketch of the works, from which the significance of this dissertation is derived.
The second part is Chapter Two "The Historical Context in the American South and Faulkner's Literary Writing", mainly presenting the connection between Faulkner's literary writing and the historical and social context in the South generally, a basis for the study in the following chapters. This part can be further divided into two sections, the first of which deals with the social changes in the historical context from the American Civil War to the1960s, and the second of which is about Faulkner's literary writing in different periods. To begin with, Chapter Two first introduces the huge social changes that took place in America during the time when Faulkner was living. America accomplished the national unification from a separated country into a united one and the transition from an agricultural society to an industrialized and commercialized society. The Second Industrial Revolution happened in the late of nineteenth century, bringing about huge impact on the south. The industries in the south witnessed an enormous development, the network of railway rendered the connection closer than before between towns and people of different places and eventually towns became the regional center of economy, culture and politics. At the same time, the traditional agricultural society in the south was heavily struck by the industrial revolution and people's way of consumption and everyday life began to change fundamentally. In addition to these huge changes, the influential historical events also happened during this period, two World Wars, the Great Depression, the Progressive Movement and the Civil Rights Movement by black people. Then, Faulkner's literary writing is divided into three phases, early writing phase of1920-1929, the gold age phase of1929-1949and the later period writing phase since1949. Each writing phase was connected with its specific social context and cultural reality, which form a perfect foundation for the summary of Faulkner's writing in the three phases correspondingly. Finally, the clear association between the works and their specific social context and cultural reality can be seen.
Chapter Three "Emily Grierson and Gavin Stevens:the Characters' Representation in Faulkner's Literary Texts", analyses the features of the characters in Faulkner's novels, including Emily in A Rose for Emily Grierson, and Gavin Stevens in Intruder in the Dust, with the aid of the concept "identity" in sociology. These two figures in fact symbolize the decline and decay of the old southern aristocracy and the emergence of the new middle class in the south respectively, definitely exemplifying the close connection between the identity of characters and the special historical context they were in. The depravation of the old aristocrat lady Emily and Gavin's worshipping the chivalry and resistance against the industrial and commercial culture, are working together to illustrate the typical features of their identiy as a mirror to reflect the characteristics of people of different classes in the cultrual and historical context of social transmission from the end of American Civil War to]960s.
The fourth part, Chapter Four "The Transition of Agricultural Civilization to the Industrial and Commercial Civilization:the Cultural Representation of Faulkner's Literary Texts", is the third part of the body section, focusing on investigating how Faulkner displayed the cultural changes during the social transiting period of the south from the end of American Civil War to1960s in his novel writing from the following three aspects:"the Varnishing Agricultural Civilization","the Rise of Consumption Culture" and "the Criticism on the Industrial and Commercial Civilization". The description of varied changes of geographical setting of the south in the texts by Faulkner was actually a vivid record of the process of agricultural mechanization that happened from the end of nineteenth century to the beginning of twentieth century in America, and furthermore a significant reflection of the prominent characteristics of the south in its social transiting period from agricultural civilization to the industrial civilization. Such a process shows the significant features of the agriculture and the influence of industrialization on agriculture during the transiting period. Another important aspect of Faulkner's writing is his representation of consumption of commodities as an evidence of the invasion of modem industrial and commercial civilization into the traditional agricultural civilization and the changes of people's way of everyday life and their habit of daily consumption. Faulkner in his writing continued the traditional wasteland writing. His writing exposed his critical point of view on the modern industrial and commercial civilization. All in all, Faulkner's writing of the cultural changes from different facets exposed the cultural structure of the social transiting period metaphorically, suggesting his complicated views on these inevitable social and cultural changes.
Part five is Chapter Five "The Countryside and the Town:the Representation of Social Strata in Faulkner's Literary Texts", which, making good use of the theories of moerdn sociology, mainly deals with the characters of the classes in the southern society depicted in Faulkner's novels. Faulkner, setting the background for several of his novels in the remote countryside in the south or an urbanizing town, portrayed different social classes in the countryside and town under the stroke of the industrial civilization and culture, and then pictured the life and spirit of the different social classes in the social transiting period in the American South. To be specific, his writing of the countryside, such as A Hundred Acre of Sutburn, McCaslin Manor, the Old Frenchmen Place and Jefferson Town showed the changes and reconstruction of social classes in the southern countryside in the first half of the twentieth century while the writing of towns which takes Jefferson town as an instance exhibited the changes in social classes in the southern towns in that specific historical context. In his novels, Faulkner, by shaping the representative countryside and town in the transitional time of the south, A Hundred Acre of Sutburn, the Old Frenchmen Place and Jefferson town for instance, made them a medium for people to know and understand the changes in the social classes in the south and their psychological identity and motives as well.
The conclusion is naturally the last part of this dissertation. Faulkner started his writing career in a very real sense after the First World War. After more than four decaes of writing, he passed away in1962. The time Faulkner lived was not peaceful during which there were too many momentous historical events. Any writer cannot escape the powerful influence that his time and living environment leave on him and Faulkner is no exception. So his writing is no doubt closely related to the time when he lived. His works artistically reproduced the cultural changes that happened in the social transitting period of the American South, recorded the vicissitudes of the landscape physically and the movement of social classes and also built different images in the special transforming periods. Faulkner manipulated many a modern narrative technique to represent what happened in this great historical context in his novels. Only by putting his works in the periods of the American South can researchers and readers gain a thorough interpretation of Faulkner's works culturally and politically.
在过去的五十年里,福克纳在世界文坛上产生了深远的影响,是各国作家模仿的榜样。同时他也是各国评论者的关注对象。很多评论者将作品的人物特征表现与历史语境相结合,取得了丰富的文化批评的研究成果。本论文主要考察福克纳是如何在文学创作中想像性地再现了所处的历史语境,全面探究福克纳文学作品与其所处时代的关系。在具体研究中,本论文整理了福克纳各创作阶段的代表作品,将主要代表作品与所处时代的特定历史语境相联系,运用文化批评的相关理论和视角阐释福克纳的作品内涵。
论文的主体部分由五个部分构成。第一部分是第一章导论。这部分从对福克纳及其生活时代背景的简略介绍开始,梳理福克纳及其作品自问世以来国内外研究的主要发展脉络,整理归纳半个多世纪以来的主要研究成果,完成福克纳作品及其研究概貌的综述。在此基础上推导论文的选题意义和研究价值。最后指出本论文的主要研究内容和研究架构。
第二部分为第二章“美国南方历史语境与福克纳的创作”,主要从总体层面阐述南方历史语境与福克纳创作的关系,为后续研究奠定基础。具体研究分为两个层面,包括美国社会自内战后到二十世纪六十年代发生的变革和福克纳不同时期的创作轨迹。首先介绍和描述福克纳所处时代美国发生的重要转变,即完成国家统一和实现从农业文明向现代工商业文明的转变。工业革命开始后,南方工业迅猛发展,铁路网拉近了人们的距离,使城镇逐渐成为南方经济、文化和政治的区域中心。与此同时,南方传统农业文明受到强烈冲击,人们的消费习惯和生活方式发生重大改变。这一时期还发生了经济大萧条、第一次世界大战、第二次世界大战、民权运动等重要事件。然后,将福克纳创作分为三个阶段,即1920-1929的早期创作阶段、1929-1949的巅峰鼎盛阶段和1949年后的后期创作阶段,结合不同创作阶段的历史语境和文化气候对福克纳不同时期的创作进行了总结和归纳。
第三章“爱米丽与加文：福克纳文本的人物再现”,是论文主体的第三部分,借助社会学家关于身份的概念分析福克纳作品中人物的身份特征。主要包括《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中的爱米丽·格里尔森和《坟墓里闯入者》中的加文·斯蒂文斯等人物形象。这两个人物分别对应了没落的旧南方贵族和现代南方的新兴中产阶级。他们的人物身份特征照应了他们所处的特定历史语境。无论是旧南方贵族淑女爱米丽的颓废腐朽,还是加文的新兴中产阶级形象,都暗示了美国南方社会自内战后到二十世纪六十年代的文化变迁时期的阶层人物特征。
第四章“农业文明向工商业文明的过渡：福克纳文本的文化再现”,主要从“农业文明的消逝”、“消费文化的兴起”、“工商业文明的批判”三方面全面考察福克纳在小说文本中如何具体呈现美国南方社会自内战结束国家统一后到二十世纪六十年代的文化变迁。福克纳在创作中展示了美国十九世纪末二十世纪初农业机械化的过程,由此可透视美国南方社会农业文明向工业文明过渡的重要特征以及工业化带给农业文明的影响；福克纳文本中和消费相关的书写表现了现代工商业文明对传统农业文明的侵蚀,改变了人们的消费观念和消费习惯；福克纳通过继承荒原传统表达了自己对于工商业文明的批判态度。
第五部分为第五章“农村与城镇：福克纳文本的阶层再现”。这一部分主要借助现代社会学理论研究福克纳作品体系中所呈现的南方特定社会的阶层特点。福克纳在很多作品中以美国南方庄园、偏僻农村和城市化进程中的城镇为背景,描述了在工业文明和文化冲击下的农村和城镇中的不同阶层。同时也展示了美国南方特定历史时期社会各阶层居民的生活以及精神状态。福克纳在众多作品中塑造了萨德本百亩地、麦卡斯林庄园、老法国人湾、杰斐逊城镇等美国南方社会文化变革时期的典型代表。这些农村和城镇是美国南方社会发展变化的缩影,透过它们可以管窥那些在工业文明和文化冲击下的南方居民阶层变革,可以更好地帮助读者理解生活在其中的主要人物的心理身份和行为动机。
最后一部分是结论。福克纳整个创作时期是在第一次世界大战之后,经历四十多年的文学创作后,于1962年去世。他所处南方社会发展变革的重要时期,纷繁复杂,重要历史事件众多,其创作也必然与这一时期的历史文化语境密切相关。福克纳的作品以多种叙事手法再现了美国南方在这一时期发生的社会变革面貌。将福克纳的作品置于美国南方特定历史语境下进行考查研究可以更深入地理解其作品的艺术内涵。
William Faulkner (1897-1962), regarded as the most typical representative writer of "The Southern Renaissance" in America, also called the flag-bearer of "The Southern Renaissance", is one of the greatest literary writer in American history of literature and a giant in the world literature arena, who kept writing for nearly four decades and produced many a classic and influential literary works, winning a large readership worldwide. His literary achivements are fabulous and extraordinary. In his literary works, he created his own literary realm, Yokanapatawpha, an imaginary county he built after Lafayete, his hometown, which displayed a magnificent view of the American South, with a very strong feature of the southern area. Faulkner depicted what happened in his hometown, his "postages tamp", to show the whole view of the society, including the movement of social strata and the reaction of common people during the social and cultural transmission period of the American South. And in his literary writing, he inherited the great tradition of the Southern Literature and at the same time adopted a great variety of modern narrative techniques in literature such as multiple point of view and a circular form, symbolic metaphor and contrapuntal type structure. Besides, he used the detailed psychological description to portray the characters vividly from all the social classes in the south in his novels, with which he showed the good and the bad of all human beings metaphorically. His works are filled with much cultural connotation and aesthetic tastes as a result of his echo to the cultural context of the era he was living in, and his experimental writing style, and finally he was listed among the most typical modem literary writers in the west.
In the past five decades, his novels brought influential impact on the world literature with their profound meanings and wide scope of topics, as a result of which he was imitated by the writers in many countries and also became the focus in the field of literary criticism in a lot of countries. Many literary theories have been applied in scrutinizing Faulkner's novels and many literary critics associated the features of people in the novels with the historical context, which to a great exten has added new achievements in Faulknerian studies from the perpective of cultural study. Thus, this dissertation will, on the basis of associating the main novels of Faulkner and the specific cultural and historical context of the time they were in, make a comprehensive investigation into how Faulkner imaginatively represented the historical context in his own literary writing, intend to figure out the relationship between Faulkner's main literary works and the time they were produced. In the research practice, the dissertation will attach the special importance to the historical context in which Faulkner created his novels, that is, the social transiting period of the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in the American South during the first half of twentieth century, explore the representative works in Faulkner's different writing periods as a whole in the context of the social transiting period of the American South. In addition, this dissertation will interpret the texts and Faulkner's writing aesthetics from the perspectives of the theories of cultural criticism.
The body of this dissertation is composed of five parts. The first part is Chapter one, an introduction which starts from a brief introduction to Faulkner and the time he was living in. What comes next is tracing the evolvement of the study on Faulkner and his literary works home and abroad, sorting the results of studies on the author and his works in the past five decades, and accomplishing the literature review of the research and the sketch of the works, from which the significance of this dissertation is derived.
The second part is Chapter Two "The Historical Context in the American South and Faulkner's Literary Writing", mainly presenting the connection between Faulkner's literary writing and the historical and social context in the South generally, a basis for the study in the following chapters. This part can be further divided into two sections, the first of which deals with the social changes in the historical context from the American Civil War to the1960s, and the second of which is about Faulkner's literary writing in different periods. To begin with, Chapter Two first introduces the huge social changes that took place in America during the time when Faulkner was living. America accomplished the national unification from a separated country into a united one and the transition from an agricultural society to an industrialized and commercialized society. The Second Industrial Revolution happened in the late of nineteenth century, bringing about huge impact on the south. The industries in the south witnessed an enormous development, the network of railway rendered the connection closer than before between towns and people of different places and eventually towns became the regional center of economy, culture and politics. At the same time, the traditional agricultural society in the south was heavily struck by the industrial revolution and people's way of consumption and everyday life began to change fundamentally. In addition to these huge changes, the influential historical events also happened during this period, two World Wars, the Great Depression, the Progressive Movement and the Civil Rights Movement by black people. Then, Faulkner's literary writing is divided into three phases, early writing phase of1920-1929, the gold age phase of1929-1949and the later period writing phase since1949. Each writing phase was connected with its specific social context and cultural reality, which form a perfect foundation for the summary of Faulkner's writing in the three phases correspondingly. Finally, the clear association between the works and their specific social context and cultural reality can be seen.
Chapter Three "Emily Grierson and Gavin Stevens:the Characters' Representation in Faulkner's Literary Texts", analyses the features of the characters in Faulkner's novels, including Emily in A Rose for Emily Grierson, and Gavin Stevens in Intruder in the Dust, with the aid of the concept "identity" in sociology. These two figures in fact symbolize the decline and decay of the old southern aristocracy and the emergence of the new middle class in the south respectively, definitely exemplifying the close connection between the identity of characters and the special historical context they were in. The depravation of the old aristocrat lady Emily and Gavin's worshipping the chivalry and resistance against the industrial and commercial culture, are working together to illustrate the typical features of their identiy as a mirror to reflect the characteristics of people of different classes in the cultrual and historical context of social transmission from the end of American Civil War to]960s.
The fourth part, Chapter Four "The Transition of Agricultural Civilization to the Industrial and Commercial Civilization:the Cultural Representation of Faulkner's Literary Texts", is the third part of the body section, focusing on investigating how Faulkner displayed the cultural changes during the social transiting period of the south from the end of American Civil War to1960s in his novel writing from the following three aspects:"the Varnishing Agricultural Civilization","the Rise of Consumption Culture" and "the Criticism on the Industrial and Commercial Civilization". The description of varied changes of geographical setting of the south in the texts by Faulkner was actually a vivid record of the process of agricultural mechanization that happened from the end of nineteenth century to the beginning of twentieth century in America, and furthermore a significant reflection of the prominent characteristics of the south in its social transiting period from agricultural civilization to the industrial civilization. Such a process shows the significant features of the agriculture and the influence of industrialization on agriculture during the transiting period. Another important aspect of Faulkner's writing is his representation of consumption of commodities as an evidence of the invasion of modem industrial and commercial civilization into the traditional agricultural civilization and the changes of people's way of everyday life and their habit of daily consumption. Faulkner in his writing continued the traditional wasteland writing. His writing exposed his critical point of view on the modern industrial and commercial civilization. All in all, Faulkner's writing of the cultural changes from different facets exposed the cultural structure of the social transiting period metaphorically, suggesting his complicated views on these inevitable social and cultural changes.
Part five is Chapter Five "The Countryside and the Town:the Representation of Social Strata in Faulkner's Literary Texts", which, making good use of the theories of moerdn sociology, mainly deals with the characters of the classes in the southern society depicted in Faulkner's novels. Faulkner, setting the background for several of his novels in the remote countryside in the south or an urbanizing town, portrayed different social classes in the countryside and town under the stroke of the industrial civilization and culture, and then pictured the life and spirit of the different social classes in the social transiting period in the American South. To be specific, his writing of the countryside, such as A Hundred Acre of Sutburn, McCaslin Manor, the Old Frenchmen Place and Jefferson Town showed the changes and reconstruction of social classes in the southern countryside in the first half of the twentieth century while the writing of towns which takes Jefferson town as an instance exhibited the changes in social classes in the southern towns in that specific historical context. In his novels, Faulkner, by shaping the representative countryside and town in the transitional time of the south, A Hundred Acre of Sutburn, the Old Frenchmen Place and Jefferson town for instance, made them a medium for people to know and understand the changes in the social classes in the south and their psychological identity and motives as well.
The conclusion is naturally the last part of this dissertation. Faulkner started his writing career in a very real sense after the First World War. After more than four decaes of writing, he passed away in1962. The time Faulkner lived was not peaceful during which there were too many momentous historical events. Any writer cannot escape the powerful influence that his time and living environment leave on him and Faulkner is no exception. So his writing is no doubt closely related to the time when he lived. His works artistically reproduced the cultural changes that happened in the social transitting period of the American South, recorded the vicissitudes of the landscape physically and the movement of social classes and also built different images in the special transforming periods. Faulkner manipulated many a modern narrative technique to represent what happened in this great historical context in his novels. Only by putting his works in the periods of the American South can researchers and readers gain a thorough interpretation of Faulkner's works culturally and politically.
引文
Aiken, Charles S. The Cotton Plantation South Since the Civi/ War[M]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
——. William Faulkner and fhe Southern Zandscape[C]. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2009.
——. Faulkner and the Passing of the Old Agrarian Culture[A]. Faulkner and Material Culture[C]. Joseph R. Urgo and Ann J. Abadie. eds. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007. 3-19.
Ayers, Edward L. The Promise of the New South: Life After Peconstruction[M]. New York\Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Bartley, Numan V. The Creation of Modern Georgina[M]. Athens: The University of Georgina Press, 1983.
Bassett, John E. William Faulkner[M]. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1997.
Berger, Arthur Asa. What Objects Mean: An Introduction to Material Culture[M]. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2009.
Blotner, Joseph. Continuity and Change in Faulkner's Life and Art[A]. Faulkner and Idealism: Perspectives from Par/s[C], Ed. Michel Gresset and Patrick Samway, S.J. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1983. 15-26.
Brooks, Cleanth. William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Country[M], New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963.
——. William Faulkner: First Encounters[M].Yale: Yale University Press, 1983. From Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 28. Detroit: The Gale Group, 1992.
Brown, Cavin S. A Glossary of Faulkner's South[M]. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1976. 46.
Cooper, William J. and Thomas E. Ten'ill. The American South: A Hstory[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1991.
De Witt, Benjamin Parke. The Progressive Movement: A Non-partisan, Comprehensive Discussion of Current Tendencies in American Politics[M]. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1968.
Fargnoli, A. Nicholas, Michael Golay and Robert W. Hamblin. Critical Companion to William Faulkner: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work[M]. New York: Facts On File, 2008.
Faulkner, William. The Mansion[M]. London: Chatto and Windus, 1957.
——. Sanctuary and Requiem for a Nun[M]. New York: The New American Library, 1957.
——. The Town[M]. London: Chatto and Windus, 1957.
Federal Writers Project. These Are Our Lives[M]. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1975.
Frederick, Gwynn L. and Joseph L. Blotner. Faulkner in the University[M]. New York: Vintage Books, 1965.
Hamblin, Robert W., Peek. Charles A.. A William Faulkner Encyclopedia[M], Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999
Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "Like a Virgin": Faulkner, Sexual Cultures, and the Romance of Resistence[A]. Faulkner in Cultural Context[C]. Donald M. Kartiganer and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1997. 39-74.
Kartiganer, Donald M. Introduction[A]. Faulkner in Cultural Contex/[C].Donald M. Kartiganer and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1997. vii-xiv.
McCracken, Grant. Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities[M]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.
Simmel, Georg. The philosophy of fashion[A]. Simmelon Citlture[C]. Eds. David Frisby and Mike Featherstone. London: Sage, 1997.
Tangum, Marion. Gavin Stevens[A]. A William Faulkner Encyclopedia[C]. Ed. Robert W. Hamblin and Charles A. Peek. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1999. 382-83.
Urgo , Joseph R., Abadie , Ann J.. Faulkner and His Contemporaries (Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Series)[C], Oxford: University Press of Mississippi,2004.
_______ , Ann J.. Faulkner's Inheritance (Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Series)[C], Oxford: University Press of Mississippi,2007.
Veblen, Thorstein. The Theory of the Leisure Class:An Economic Study of Institutions[M]. London:Unwin Books,1899,1934.
Woodward, Ian. Understanding Material Culture[M]. Los Angeles/ London:Sage Publications,2007.
Zelinsky, Wilbur. The Cultural Geography of the United States. Rev.ed. Englewoodc Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1992.
鲍忠明、辛彩娜.镜与灯：《押沙龙,押沙龙!》的新历史主义解读[J].外国文学2011,(1)：76-83+158-159.
布迪厄.实践与反思[M].李猛等译.北京：中央编译局出版社,1998.
——.文化资本与社会炼金术[M].包亚明译.上海：上海人民出版社,1997.
曹曦颖.《八月之光》的生态解读[J].当代文坛,2011,(02)：126-129.
曾军山.论斯诺普斯三部曲与南方骑士文化的互文性[J].外国文学,2012,(2)：54-60+158.
——a.论斯诺普斯三部曲对南方边疆幽默作品“恶作剧人物“的呼应[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,(4)：401-403.
——b.论斯诺普斯三部曲与南方骑士文化的互文性[J].外国文学,2012,(2)：54-60+158.
——c.斯诺普斯三部曲的互文性研究[D].湖南师范大学,2012.
陈才忆.福克纳的森林情结[J].宜宾师范高等专科学校学报,1999,(1)：35-38.
陈继会.文化怀乡：沈从文创作的意义[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1996,(1)：13-19.
谌晓明.符指、播散与颠覆：福克纳的“斯诺普斯三部曲“之解构主义研究[D].上海外国语大学,2009.
代晓丽.比真实更真：《押沙龙,押沙龙》的叙事视角与逼真性[J].外国语文,2010,(2)：33-37.
戴维·斯沃茨.文化与权力：布尔迪厄的社会学[M].陶东风译.上海：上海译文出版社,2006.
丹尼尔·布尔斯廷.美国人民主历程[M].中国对外翻译出版公司译. 北京：三联书店,1993.
丹尼斯·吉尔伯特、约瑟夫·A·卡尔.美国阶级结构[M]. 彭华民译.北京：中国社会科学出版社,1992.
但汉松.论《我弥留之际》中的非典型对话性[J].外国文学,2008, (4)：53-59.
冯溢、颜晓川.女性主义视角下的罗沙·科德菲尔德[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2011,(4)：362-66.
弗莱德里克·R·卡尔.福克纳传[M].陈永国、赵英男、王岩译.北京：商务印书馆,2007.
弗雷德·英格利斯.文化[M].韩启群、张鲁宁、樊淑英译.南京大学出版社,2008.
弗雷德里克·刘易斯·艾伦.浮华时代——美国20世纪20年代简史[M].汪晓莉、袁玲丽译.上海：上海财经大学出版社,2008.
弗雷里克·J·霍夫曼.威廉·福克纳[M].沈阳：春风文艺出版社,1994.
高奋.时间的割裂与错置——《喧哗与骚动》的叙述结构与时间艺术[J].杭州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1993,(3)：103-106.
郭海平、李漫萍.康普生家族悲剧与基督教伦理[J].湖北社会科学,2010,(1)：140-142.
韩启群.论福克纳后期作品《城镇》、《大宅》中的地理景观书写[J].名作欣赏.2012(8)：97-99.
韩启群,杨金才.商品、服饰、广告——福克纳小说《村子》消费文化透视[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2010,(3)：105-128.
韩启群、杨颖.“花园里的机器”——论福克纳斯诺普斯三部曲中的汽车景观书写[J].山东外语教学,2011(5)：97-101.
——.论福克纳后期作品中的法院意象.重庆理工大学学报,2011(12)：101-104.
何跃敏.论《去吧,摩西》的主题、形式与风格[J].四川教育学院学报,1997,(3)56-60.
胡小林、刘伟.福克纳、莫言比较论[J].枣庄师专学报,1990,(1)：60-66.
扈娟.《喧哗与骚动》的赋格式结构[J].河南大学学报(社会科学版),1992,(5)68-72.
黄虚锋.美国南方转型时期社会生活研究(1877年-1920年代).Diss.华东师范大学,2003.
蒋道超.淡泊人生崇尚自然——评《押沙龙,押沙龙!》中的人生哲学[J].外国文学,1997,(6)：62-66.
蒋花、柴改英.《押沙龙,押沙龙!》中的神话原型及主题[J].四川外语学院学报,1998,(2)：42-47.
杰伊·帕里尼.福克纳传[M]. 吴海云译. 北京：中信出版社,2007.
卡尔·F·赞得. 交叉的路口：威廉·福克纳、南方和现代世界[M]. 新布伦兹维克：罗格斯大学出版社,1989.
康杰.解读《寓言》中的基督教人道主义思想[J].忻州师范学院学报,2010, (4)95-97.
康毅.女权视角下“煎熬“的艾迪——福克纳《在我弥留之际》主人公解读[J]. 名作欣赏,2012, (6)：23-24.
孔耕蕻.《喧哗与骚动》、《高老头》叙事艺术异同论[J].社会科学战线,1991,(2)：291-297.
孔庆华.《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》评析[J].青岛大学师范学院学报,1995,(2)：19-21.
赖骞宇.《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》的深层内蕴解读[J].南昌大学学报(人社版),1999,(2)：120-122.
——.论《喧哗与骚动》复合式的叙事结构模式[J].南昌大学学报(哲社版),1998,(1)：79-83.
蓝仁哲.《八月之光》的光谱(代译序).八月之光.蓝仁哲译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.音乐对位法的形式,自由与责任错位的主题(代译后记).野棕榈.蓝仁哲译.上海：上海译文出版社,2009.
——.《野棕榈》：音乐对位法的形式,自由与责任错位的主题[J].四川外语学院学报,2006,(3)：3-8.
黎明、江智利.不确定性：《喧哗与骚动》中的后现代主义特征[J].外国语文,2011,(6)：7-10.
——.后现代主义视角下《八月之光》的人物和语言[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(1)：107-111.
李常磊.政治无意识：威廉·福克纳《押沙龙,押沙龙!》——对黑人群体命运的象征性沉思[J].国外文学,2009, (3)：90-96.
李汉之.蒙太奇手法与创造性阅读——浅析福克纳的小说《圣殿》[J].华中师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1991, (3)：42-46.
李庆华.论《喧哗与骚动》的叙述视角云南教育学院学报[J].1996,(5)：44-47.
李文俊. 福克纳传[M]. 北京：新世界出版社,2003.
——. 福克纳评传[M]. 杭州：浙江文艺出版社,1999.
李杨.解读《斯诺普斯三部曲》中的种族观和阶级冲突[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2010.
梁呐.福克纳小说的女性/人类意识[J].锦州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,(4)： 21-24.
刘爱英. 从淑女到魔鬼——试从社会学批评角度看《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》的悲剧意义[J].四川外语学院学报,1998, (2)：33-36.
刘波.论《喧哗与骚动》的复调结构[J].外语教学与研究,1998, (2)：35-39.
刘晨锋.《喧哗与骚动》中变异时空的美学价值[J].外国文学评论,1991(1)：47-53.
刘洊波.从“火“、“镜子“和“影子“的重复看《喧哗与骚动》中名词的重复艺术[J].外语教学,2009,(5)：86-89
——a.《喧哗与骚动》中的神话原型[J].西南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1999,(5)：103-105.
——b.两颗孤寂的灵魂——昆丁与霍尔顿比较研究[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),1999：(1)：58-65.
刘道泉.论福克纳小说中的基督教原型[J].许昌师专学报(社会科学版),1998,(1)：59-62.
刘登东.论《喧哗与骚动》的叙事艺术[J].重庆教育学院学报,1997,(2)：43-46.
伦德尔·卡尔德. 融资美国梦：消费信贷文化史[M]. 严忠志译. 上海：上海人民出版社,2007.
迈克·克朗.文化地理学.杨淑华、宋慧敏译.南京大学出版社,2003.
钱中丽.《喧哗与骚动》中的圣经传统[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010,(3)：78-81+159.
齐奥尔格·西美尔.时尚的哲学[M].北京：文化艺术出版社,2001.
让·波德里亚.符号政治经济学批判[M].夏莹译,南京：南京大学出版社,2009.
——.生产之镜[M].仰海峰译.北京：中央编译出版社,2005.
——.消费社会[M].刘成富等译.南京：南京大学出版社,2000.
——.物体系[M].林志明译.上海：上海世纪出版社集团,2001.
饶晓红.“声音“与“愤怒“——班吉的后结构主义解读[J].安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,(1)：76-80.
任文. 《喧哗与骚动》中不可毁灭的女性形象[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,(2)：45-51.
邵锦娣.没有玫瑰的故事—评述福克纳《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》的叙事艺术[J].外语学刊,1995,(04)：55-57.
沈国富.试析意识流手法在福克纳小说《喧哗与骚动》中的运用[J].名作欣赏,2008,(12)：125-127.
石坚、张彦炜.权利、荣誉和尊严——论威廉·福克纳《去吧,摩西》中混血黑人的挑战[J].重庆师专学报,1997,(1)：73-76.
苏煌.浅谈《八月之光》中的人物乔[J].徐州师范学院学报,1991,(2)：97-98.
隋桂岚.《喧哗与骚动》叙事手法探讨[J].松辽学刊(社会科学版),1998,(1)66-69.
孙志刚.时间引起的悲剧——谈福克纳笔下的昆丁[J].北方论丛,1999,(3)：146-148.
陶洁.话说福克纳的《圣殿》(代序).圣殿[M].陶洁译.上海译文出版社,2004.1-28.
——.新中国六十年福克纳研究之考察与分析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,(1)：148-156.
——.译本序.坟墓的闯入者[M].陶洁译.上海译文出版社,2004.1-17.
田平、洪增流.《喧哗与骚动》：现代基督的救赎之路[J].山东外语教学,2008,(5)：108-112.
T.S.艾略特.《荒原》[M].赵萝蕤,张子清译.北京：北京燕山出版社,2010.
王冰营.试析福克纳长篇小说《野棕榈》的叙事艺术[J].作家,2009,(18)：61-62.
王立礼.《押沙龙,押沙龙》的多层次和多视角[J].外国文学,1993,(5)：35-39.
王立新、王钢.《八月之光》：宗教多重性与民族身份认同[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),2011,(01)：9-15.
王瑜砚.从《喧哗与骚动》和《红楼梦》看中西挽歌式悲剧精神[J].浙江大学学报(社会科学版),1996,(2)：66-72
威廉·福克纳.八月之光[M].蓝仁哲译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.村子[M].张月译.天津：百花文艺出版社,2001.
——.坟墓的闯入者[M].陶洁译.上海译文出版社,2004.
——.福克纳短篇小说集[C].陶洁编.南京：译林出版社,2002.
——.掠夺者[M].杨颖,王菁译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.去吧,摩西[M].李文俊译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.圣殿[M].陶洁译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花,杨岂深译.福克纳短篇小说集[C].陶洁编.南京：译林出版社,2002.41-51.
——.在我弥留之际[M].李文俊译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.喧哗与骚动[M].李文俊译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.野棕榈[M].蓝仁哲译.上海：上海译文出版社,2009.
——.烧马棚,蔡慧译.福克纳短篇小说集[C].陶洁编.南京：译林出版社,2002.1-23.
——.花斑马,陶洁译.福克纳短篇小说集[C].陶洁编.南京：译林出版社,2002.260-280.
——.押沙龙,押沙龙![M]李文俊译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
吴冰.《熊》给我们的启迪[J].外国文学.1995(5)：31-39.
武月明.被命运的洪流裹挟而去——写在《野棕榈》中译本问世之际[J].外国文学研究,2009,(5)：152-157.
肖华锋.19世纪后半叶美国中产阶级的兴起[J]. 文史哲,2001,(5)：120-126.
肖明翰.《圣殿》里的善恶冲突[J].国外文学,1999, (2)：76-83.
——.《押沙龙,押沙龙!》中的哥特手法[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),1991年05期56-62
——.a《押沙龙,押沙龙!》的多元与小说的写作[J].外国文学评论,1997,(1)：52-60.
——.b《押沙龙,押沙龙！》的不可确定性[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),1997年01期83-91
——.巴金与福克纳的家庭小说比较[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),1992,(6)：46-52.
——.大家族的没落：福克纳和巴金家庭小说比较研究[M].桂林：广西师范大学出版社,1994.
——.福克纳研究[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,1997.
——.威廉·福克纳---骚动的灵魂[M].成都：四川人民出版社,1999.
肖启明.比较文学的可喜成果——评《大家族的没落——福克纳和巴金家庭小说比较研究》[J].中国图书评论,1996, (8)：57-58
许国林.论19世纪末20世纪初美国新中产阶级的崛起[J].河南科技大学学报(社会科学版).2007(5)：23-25.
许志强.《我弥留之际》的一个评注[J].外国文学评论,1999, (2)：51-57.
叶青.论《喧哗与骚动》中的意识流主题线索[J].江苏教育学院学报(社会科学版),1998,(4)：68-69.
叶宪.《喧哗与骚动》中复调结构与对位法初探[J].浙江大学学报(社会科学版),1990,(2)：156-160.
于冬云.一朵永远的玫瑰花——论艾米丽的悲剧情结[J].山东师大学报(社会科学版),1996,(5)：83-85.
于洪英.福克纳与《喧哗与骚动》[J].天津师大学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,(3)：58-62.
虞建华.美国文学的第二次繁荣[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2007.
余志森：《崛起和扩张的年代》(1829--1929),北京：人民出版社,2001年.
约翰·巴克勒、贝内特·希尔.西方社会史(第三卷)[M].霍文利译.桂林：广西师范大学出版社,1999.
詹树魁.论《我弥留之际》的叙述手法[J].外国文学研究,1999, (2)：13-18.
张付花.后现代主义视角下对《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》的解读[J].名作欣赏2012,(15)：50-51+97.
张静.论《野棕榈》“对位编码“的地理空间指向[J].世界文学评论,2012,(1)：50-54.
张莉.论《八月之光》“滴答滴“的叙事律动[J].四川外语学院学报,2008,(4)：37-40.
张鲁宁,韩启群.边界空间和情感结构——福克纳后期作品《村子》的空间文化批评[J].前沿,2011(20)：185-187.
张湄玲.浅析福克纳小说中的沙多里斯与斯诺普斯主题[J].开封教育学院学报,2012,(1)：24-27.
章启平.小说《八月之光》中的反结构成分[J].天津外国语学院学报,1997,(3)：67-73.
赵桂英、冯彦.混乱无序的井然有序——福克纳的叙事艺术赏折[J].文艺争鸣,2012,(04)： 145-147.
赵嘉鸿.空间的力量——论《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》的空间叙事[J].云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010, (5)：141-145.
赵培玲. 评福克纳的《押沙龙,押沙龙!》[J].外国文学研究,1999,(2)：19-22.
赵学勇、卢建红.人与文化:“乡下人“的思索——沈从文与福克纳的比较研究[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),1991,(3)130-137.
钟仕伦.福克纳和沈从文的启示[J]. 当代文坛1991,(3)：48-52.
周厚娟、刘立辉、文如画.《喧哗与骚动》的视觉化与空间化叙事[J].外语教学,20112期No.14802：68-71.
周杰.福克纳的真实观与时间观—从《喧哗与骚动》谈开去[J].锦州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)1997,(2)：97-99.
周娟娟. 《野棕榈》中“普通人“的存在主义解读[J].牡丹江大学学报,2011, (1)61-62+70.
朱徽.重唱的挽歌——评肖明翰著《大家族的没落——福克纳和巴金家庭小说比较研究》[J].中国比较文学,1996, (3)： 145-147.
庄琰.当巴赫金遇到福克纳——试用复调理论解析《我弥留之际》[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011, (3)：103-105.
——. William Faulkner and fhe Southern Zandscape[C]. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2009.
——. Faulkner and the Passing of the Old Agrarian Culture[A]. Faulkner and Material Culture[C]. Joseph R. Urgo and Ann J. Abadie. eds. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007. 3-19.
Ayers, Edward L. The Promise of the New South: Life After Peconstruction[M]. New York\Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Bartley, Numan V. The Creation of Modern Georgina[M]. Athens: The University of Georgina Press, 1983.
Bassett, John E. William Faulkner[M]. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1997.
Berger, Arthur Asa. What Objects Mean: An Introduction to Material Culture[M]. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2009.
Blotner, Joseph. Continuity and Change in Faulkner's Life and Art[A]. Faulkner and Idealism: Perspectives from Par/s[C], Ed. Michel Gresset and Patrick Samway, S.J. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1983. 15-26.
Brooks, Cleanth. William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Country[M], New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963.
——. William Faulkner: First Encounters[M].Yale: Yale University Press, 1983. From Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 28. Detroit: The Gale Group, 1992.
Brown, Cavin S. A Glossary of Faulkner's South[M]. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1976. 46.
Cooper, William J. and Thomas E. Ten'ill. The American South: A Hstory[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1991.
De Witt, Benjamin Parke. The Progressive Movement: A Non-partisan, Comprehensive Discussion of Current Tendencies in American Politics[M]. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1968.
Fargnoli, A. Nicholas, Michael Golay and Robert W. Hamblin. Critical Companion to William Faulkner: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work[M]. New York: Facts On File, 2008.
Faulkner, William. The Mansion[M]. London: Chatto and Windus, 1957.
——. Sanctuary and Requiem for a Nun[M]. New York: The New American Library, 1957.
——. The Town[M]. London: Chatto and Windus, 1957.
Federal Writers Project. These Are Our Lives[M]. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1975.
Frederick, Gwynn L. and Joseph L. Blotner. Faulkner in the University[M]. New York: Vintage Books, 1965.
Hamblin, Robert W., Peek. Charles A.. A William Faulkner Encyclopedia[M], Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999
Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "Like a Virgin": Faulkner, Sexual Cultures, and the Romance of Resistence[A]. Faulkner in Cultural Context[C]. Donald M. Kartiganer and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1997. 39-74.
Kartiganer, Donald M. Introduction[A]. Faulkner in Cultural Contex/[C].Donald M. Kartiganer and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1997. vii-xiv.
McCracken, Grant. Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities[M]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.
Simmel, Georg. The philosophy of fashion[A]. Simmelon Citlture[C]. Eds. David Frisby and Mike Featherstone. London: Sage, 1997.
Tangum, Marion. Gavin Stevens[A]. A William Faulkner Encyclopedia[C]. Ed. Robert W. Hamblin and Charles A. Peek. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1999. 382-83.
Urgo , Joseph R., Abadie , Ann J.. Faulkner and His Contemporaries (Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Series)[C], Oxford: University Press of Mississippi,2004.
_______ , Ann J.. Faulkner's Inheritance (Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Series)[C], Oxford: University Press of Mississippi,2007.
Veblen, Thorstein. The Theory of the Leisure Class:An Economic Study of Institutions[M]. London:Unwin Books,1899,1934.
Woodward, Ian. Understanding Material Culture[M]. Los Angeles/ London:Sage Publications,2007.
Zelinsky, Wilbur. The Cultural Geography of the United States. Rev.ed. Englewoodc Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall,1992.
鲍忠明、辛彩娜.镜与灯：《押沙龙,押沙龙!》的新历史主义解读[J].外国文学2011,(1)：76-83+158-159.
布迪厄.实践与反思[M].李猛等译.北京：中央编译局出版社,1998.
——.文化资本与社会炼金术[M].包亚明译.上海：上海人民出版社,1997.
曹曦颖.《八月之光》的生态解读[J].当代文坛,2011,(02)：126-129.
曾军山.论斯诺普斯三部曲与南方骑士文化的互文性[J].外国文学,2012,(2)：54-60+158.
——a.论斯诺普斯三部曲对南方边疆幽默作品“恶作剧人物“的呼应[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,(4)：401-403.
——b.论斯诺普斯三部曲与南方骑士文化的互文性[J].外国文学,2012,(2)：54-60+158.
——c.斯诺普斯三部曲的互文性研究[D].湖南师范大学,2012.
陈才忆.福克纳的森林情结[J].宜宾师范高等专科学校学报,1999,(1)：35-38.
陈继会.文化怀乡：沈从文创作的意义[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1996,(1)：13-19.
谌晓明.符指、播散与颠覆：福克纳的“斯诺普斯三部曲“之解构主义研究[D].上海外国语大学,2009.
代晓丽.比真实更真：《押沙龙,押沙龙》的叙事视角与逼真性[J].外国语文,2010,(2)：33-37.
戴维·斯沃茨.文化与权力：布尔迪厄的社会学[M].陶东风译.上海：上海译文出版社,2006.
丹尼尔·布尔斯廷.美国人民主历程[M].中国对外翻译出版公司译. 北京：三联书店,1993.
丹尼斯·吉尔伯特、约瑟夫·A·卡尔.美国阶级结构[M]. 彭华民译.北京：中国社会科学出版社,1992.
但汉松.论《我弥留之际》中的非典型对话性[J].外国文学,2008, (4)：53-59.
冯溢、颜晓川.女性主义视角下的罗沙·科德菲尔德[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2011,(4)：362-66.
弗莱德里克·R·卡尔.福克纳传[M].陈永国、赵英男、王岩译.北京：商务印书馆,2007.
弗雷德·英格利斯.文化[M].韩启群、张鲁宁、樊淑英译.南京大学出版社,2008.
弗雷德里克·刘易斯·艾伦.浮华时代——美国20世纪20年代简史[M].汪晓莉、袁玲丽译.上海：上海财经大学出版社,2008.
弗雷里克·J·霍夫曼.威廉·福克纳[M].沈阳：春风文艺出版社,1994.
高奋.时间的割裂与错置——《喧哗与骚动》的叙述结构与时间艺术[J].杭州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1993,(3)：103-106.
郭海平、李漫萍.康普生家族悲剧与基督教伦理[J].湖北社会科学,2010,(1)：140-142.
韩启群.论福克纳后期作品《城镇》、《大宅》中的地理景观书写[J].名作欣赏.2012(8)：97-99.
韩启群,杨金才.商品、服饰、广告——福克纳小说《村子》消费文化透视[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2010,(3)：105-128.
韩启群、杨颖.“花园里的机器”——论福克纳斯诺普斯三部曲中的汽车景观书写[J].山东外语教学,2011(5)：97-101.
——.论福克纳后期作品中的法院意象.重庆理工大学学报,2011(12)：101-104.
何跃敏.论《去吧,摩西》的主题、形式与风格[J].四川教育学院学报,1997,(3)56-60.
胡小林、刘伟.福克纳、莫言比较论[J].枣庄师专学报,1990,(1)：60-66.
扈娟.《喧哗与骚动》的赋格式结构[J].河南大学学报(社会科学版),1992,(5)68-72.
黄虚锋.美国南方转型时期社会生活研究(1877年-1920年代).Diss.华东师范大学,2003.
蒋道超.淡泊人生崇尚自然——评《押沙龙,押沙龙!》中的人生哲学[J].外国文学,1997,(6)：62-66.
蒋花、柴改英.《押沙龙,押沙龙!》中的神话原型及主题[J].四川外语学院学报,1998,(2)：42-47.
杰伊·帕里尼.福克纳传[M]. 吴海云译. 北京：中信出版社,2007.
卡尔·F·赞得. 交叉的路口：威廉·福克纳、南方和现代世界[M]. 新布伦兹维克：罗格斯大学出版社,1989.
康杰.解读《寓言》中的基督教人道主义思想[J].忻州师范学院学报,2010, (4)95-97.
康毅.女权视角下“煎熬“的艾迪——福克纳《在我弥留之际》主人公解读[J]. 名作欣赏,2012, (6)：23-24.
孔耕蕻.《喧哗与骚动》、《高老头》叙事艺术异同论[J].社会科学战线,1991,(2)：291-297.
孔庆华.《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》评析[J].青岛大学师范学院学报,1995,(2)：19-21.
赖骞宇.《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》的深层内蕴解读[J].南昌大学学报(人社版),1999,(2)：120-122.
——.论《喧哗与骚动》复合式的叙事结构模式[J].南昌大学学报(哲社版),1998,(1)：79-83.
蓝仁哲.《八月之光》的光谱(代译序).八月之光.蓝仁哲译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.音乐对位法的形式,自由与责任错位的主题(代译后记).野棕榈.蓝仁哲译.上海：上海译文出版社,2009.
——.《野棕榈》：音乐对位法的形式,自由与责任错位的主题[J].四川外语学院学报,2006,(3)：3-8.
黎明、江智利.不确定性：《喧哗与骚动》中的后现代主义特征[J].外国语文,2011,(6)：7-10.
——.后现代主义视角下《八月之光》的人物和语言[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(1)：107-111.
李常磊.政治无意识：威廉·福克纳《押沙龙,押沙龙!》——对黑人群体命运的象征性沉思[J].国外文学,2009, (3)：90-96.
李汉之.蒙太奇手法与创造性阅读——浅析福克纳的小说《圣殿》[J].华中师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1991, (3)：42-46.
李庆华.论《喧哗与骚动》的叙述视角云南教育学院学报[J].1996,(5)：44-47.
李文俊. 福克纳传[M]. 北京：新世界出版社,2003.
——. 福克纳评传[M]. 杭州：浙江文艺出版社,1999.
李杨.解读《斯诺普斯三部曲》中的种族观和阶级冲突[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2010.
梁呐.福克纳小说的女性/人类意识[J].锦州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,(4)： 21-24.
刘爱英. 从淑女到魔鬼——试从社会学批评角度看《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》的悲剧意义[J].四川外语学院学报,1998, (2)：33-36.
刘波.论《喧哗与骚动》的复调结构[J].外语教学与研究,1998, (2)：35-39.
刘晨锋.《喧哗与骚动》中变异时空的美学价值[J].外国文学评论,1991(1)：47-53.
刘洊波.从“火“、“镜子“和“影子“的重复看《喧哗与骚动》中名词的重复艺术[J].外语教学,2009,(5)：86-89
——a.《喧哗与骚动》中的神话原型[J].西南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1999,(5)：103-105.
——b.两颗孤寂的灵魂——昆丁与霍尔顿比较研究[J].华北电力大学学报(社会科学版),1999：(1)：58-65.
刘道泉.论福克纳小说中的基督教原型[J].许昌师专学报(社会科学版),1998,(1)：59-62.
刘登东.论《喧哗与骚动》的叙事艺术[J].重庆教育学院学报,1997,(2)：43-46.
伦德尔·卡尔德. 融资美国梦：消费信贷文化史[M]. 严忠志译. 上海：上海人民出版社,2007.
迈克·克朗.文化地理学.杨淑华、宋慧敏译.南京大学出版社,2003.
钱中丽.《喧哗与骚动》中的圣经传统[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010,(3)：78-81+159.
齐奥尔格·西美尔.时尚的哲学[M].北京：文化艺术出版社,2001.
让·波德里亚.符号政治经济学批判[M].夏莹译,南京：南京大学出版社,2009.
——.生产之镜[M].仰海峰译.北京：中央编译出版社,2005.
——.消费社会[M].刘成富等译.南京：南京大学出版社,2000.
——.物体系[M].林志明译.上海：上海世纪出版社集团,2001.
饶晓红.“声音“与“愤怒“——班吉的后结构主义解读[J].安徽大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,(1)：76-80.
任文. 《喧哗与骚动》中不可毁灭的女性形象[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,(2)：45-51.
邵锦娣.没有玫瑰的故事—评述福克纳《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》的叙事艺术[J].外语学刊,1995,(04)：55-57.
沈国富.试析意识流手法在福克纳小说《喧哗与骚动》中的运用[J].名作欣赏,2008,(12)：125-127.
石坚、张彦炜.权利、荣誉和尊严——论威廉·福克纳《去吧,摩西》中混血黑人的挑战[J].重庆师专学报,1997,(1)：73-76.
苏煌.浅谈《八月之光》中的人物乔[J].徐州师范学院学报,1991,(2)：97-98.
隋桂岚.《喧哗与骚动》叙事手法探讨[J].松辽学刊(社会科学版),1998,(1)66-69.
孙志刚.时间引起的悲剧——谈福克纳笔下的昆丁[J].北方论丛,1999,(3)：146-148.
陶洁.话说福克纳的《圣殿》(代序).圣殿[M].陶洁译.上海译文出版社,2004.1-28.
——.新中国六十年福克纳研究之考察与分析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012,(1)：148-156.
——.译本序.坟墓的闯入者[M].陶洁译.上海译文出版社,2004.1-17.
田平、洪增流.《喧哗与骚动》：现代基督的救赎之路[J].山东外语教学,2008,(5)：108-112.
T.S.艾略特.《荒原》[M].赵萝蕤,张子清译.北京：北京燕山出版社,2010.
王冰营.试析福克纳长篇小说《野棕榈》的叙事艺术[J].作家,2009,(18)：61-62.
王立礼.《押沙龙,押沙龙》的多层次和多视角[J].外国文学,1993,(5)：35-39.
王立新、王钢.《八月之光》：宗教多重性与民族身份认同[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),2011,(01)：9-15.
王瑜砚.从《喧哗与骚动》和《红楼梦》看中西挽歌式悲剧精神[J].浙江大学学报(社会科学版),1996,(2)：66-72
威廉·福克纳.八月之光[M].蓝仁哲译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.村子[M].张月译.天津：百花文艺出版社,2001.
——.坟墓的闯入者[M].陶洁译.上海译文出版社,2004.
——.福克纳短篇小说集[C].陶洁编.南京：译林出版社,2002.
——.掠夺者[M].杨颖,王菁译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.去吧,摩西[M].李文俊译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.圣殿[M].陶洁译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花,杨岂深译.福克纳短篇小说集[C].陶洁编.南京：译林出版社,2002.41-51.
——.在我弥留之际[M].李文俊译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.喧哗与骚动[M].李文俊译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
——.野棕榈[M].蓝仁哲译.上海：上海译文出版社,2009.
——.烧马棚,蔡慧译.福克纳短篇小说集[C].陶洁编.南京：译林出版社,2002.1-23.
——.花斑马,陶洁译.福克纳短篇小说集[C].陶洁编.南京：译林出版社,2002.260-280.
——.押沙龙,押沙龙![M]李文俊译.上海：上海译文出版社,2004.
吴冰.《熊》给我们的启迪[J].外国文学.1995(5)：31-39.
武月明.被命运的洪流裹挟而去——写在《野棕榈》中译本问世之际[J].外国文学研究,2009,(5)：152-157.
肖华锋.19世纪后半叶美国中产阶级的兴起[J]. 文史哲,2001,(5)：120-126.
肖明翰.《圣殿》里的善恶冲突[J].国外文学,1999, (2)：76-83.
——.《押沙龙,押沙龙!》中的哥特手法[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),1991年05期56-62
——.a《押沙龙,押沙龙!》的多元与小说的写作[J].外国文学评论,1997,(1)：52-60.
——.b《押沙龙,押沙龙！》的不可确定性[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),1997年01期83-91
——.巴金与福克纳的家庭小说比较[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),1992,(6)：46-52.
——.大家族的没落：福克纳和巴金家庭小说比较研究[M].桂林：广西师范大学出版社,1994.
——.福克纳研究[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,1997.
——.威廉·福克纳---骚动的灵魂[M].成都：四川人民出版社,1999.
肖启明.比较文学的可喜成果——评《大家族的没落——福克纳和巴金家庭小说比较研究》[J].中国图书评论,1996, (8)：57-58
许国林.论19世纪末20世纪初美国新中产阶级的崛起[J].河南科技大学学报(社会科学版).2007(5)：23-25.
许志强.《我弥留之际》的一个评注[J].外国文学评论,1999, (2)：51-57.
叶青.论《喧哗与骚动》中的意识流主题线索[J].江苏教育学院学报(社会科学版),1998,(4)：68-69.
叶宪.《喧哗与骚动》中复调结构与对位法初探[J].浙江大学学报(社会科学版),1990,(2)：156-160.
于冬云.一朵永远的玫瑰花——论艾米丽的悲剧情结[J].山东师大学报(社会科学版),1996,(5)：83-85.
于洪英.福克纳与《喧哗与骚动》[J].天津师大学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,(3)：58-62.
虞建华.美国文学的第二次繁荣[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2007.
余志森：《崛起和扩张的年代》(1829--1929),北京：人民出版社,2001年.
约翰·巴克勒、贝内特·希尔.西方社会史(第三卷)[M].霍文利译.桂林：广西师范大学出版社,1999.
詹树魁.论《我弥留之际》的叙述手法[J].外国文学研究,1999, (2)：13-18.
张付花.后现代主义视角下对《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》的解读[J].名作欣赏2012,(15)：50-51+97.
张静.论《野棕榈》“对位编码“的地理空间指向[J].世界文学评论,2012,(1)：50-54.
张莉.论《八月之光》“滴答滴“的叙事律动[J].四川外语学院学报,2008,(4)：37-40.
张鲁宁,韩启群.边界空间和情感结构——福克纳后期作品《村子》的空间文化批评[J].前沿,2011(20)：185-187.
张湄玲.浅析福克纳小说中的沙多里斯与斯诺普斯主题[J].开封教育学院学报,2012,(1)：24-27.
章启平.小说《八月之光》中的反结构成分[J].天津外国语学院学报,1997,(3)：67-73.
赵桂英、冯彦.混乱无序的井然有序——福克纳的叙事艺术赏折[J].文艺争鸣,2012,(04)： 145-147.
赵嘉鸿.空间的力量——论《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》的空间叙事[J].云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010, (5)：141-145.
赵培玲. 评福克纳的《押沙龙,押沙龙!》[J].外国文学研究,1999,(2)：19-22.
赵学勇、卢建红.人与文化:“乡下人“的思索——沈从文与福克纳的比较研究[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),1991,(3)130-137.
钟仕伦.福克纳和沈从文的启示[J]. 当代文坛1991,(3)：48-52.
周厚娟、刘立辉、文如画.《喧哗与骚动》的视觉化与空间化叙事[J].外语教学,20112期No.14802：68-71.
周杰.福克纳的真实观与时间观—从《喧哗与骚动》谈开去[J].锦州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)1997,(2)：97-99.
周娟娟. 《野棕榈》中“普通人“的存在主义解读[J].牡丹江大学学报,2011, (1)61-62+70.
朱徽.重唱的挽歌——评肖明翰著《大家族的没落——福克纳和巴金家庭小说比较研究》[J].中国比较文学,1996, (3)： 145-147.
庄琰.当巴赫金遇到福克纳——试用复调理论解析《我弥留之际》[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011, (3)：103-105.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |