环境污染防治技术评估方法及技术经济费效分析研究
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摘要
随着环境污染越来越受到重视,环境污染防治技术也在不断的发展,产生了很多技术种类,但目前由于缺乏科学合理、客观公正的评估指标体系和评估方法,使环境污染防治技术评估工作受到了很大的限制。并且由于对环境污染防治技术的费用效益分析不足,对环境保护费用的投入缺少必要的、合理的指导,造成了经济上的损失。本论文依托国家水体污染防治科技重大专项课题-水污染防治技术管理体系框架及评估方法研究,在环境污染防治技术指标体系、评估方法及技术经济费效分析等方面开展研究。
在建立环境污染防治技术指标体系时,统筹考虑技术的先进性指标和经济性指标。污染物减排清洁生产技术指标包括:资源与能源消耗、污染物排放、经济成本、技术成熟度等一级指标;污染物末端治理技术指标包括:污染物排放、经济成本、技术成熟度等一级指标。二级指标、三级指标可根据行业特点及现实状况进行合理构建。
层次分析法因其“定性与定量相结合、各指标两两比较”等特点而受到广泛应用。但计算过程较为繁琐,一致性检验缺乏科学性。本文以将判断矩阵调整为具有完全一致性的矩阵为思路对层次分析法进行优化,通过查找判断矩阵中影响矩阵一致性的关键元素,对判断矩阵进行调整使其达到完全一致性,简化计算过程,使计算结果更为科学。以此为基础,运用层次分析法对制药废水处理技术进行了评估,所进行评估技术的优劣顺序为:“微电解+可溶化沉淀+光合细菌氧化+酸化水解+二级接触氧化+生物炭柱”>“厌氧-SBR”>“UASB+CASS”>“H/O池+接触氧化”>“UASB+接触氧化+氧化沟”>“兼氧池+CASS”>“兼氧池+好氧池+反硝化+硝化”>“水解+两级微电解生物铁池+两级接触氧化”>“深井曝气+接触氧化”>“生物接触氧化”。
改变以往环境保护费用效益分析的思路,对环境污染防治技术的投入费用与所得到的效益进行分析。以构建环境污染防治技术费用函数为基础,进行环境污染防治技术费效分析,并通过构建燃煤电厂脱硫技术费用函数,对脱硫技术进行了经济费效分析。
As more and more attention of environmental pollution, environmental pollution control techniques also continues to develop. And now there are many types of technologies.But the environmental pollution control technology assessment work has been very limited because of the lack of scientific,rational, objective and fair evaluation index system and assessment methods.there is no necessary, reasonable guidance to the investment on environmental protection,because the cost-benefit analysis of environmental pollution control technology is not enough,which is resulting in economic losses.This paper relies on state water pollution control science and technology major project issues - water pollution control technology management system framework and assessment studies, and study on the environmental pollution control techniques index system, assessment methods and cost-benefit analysis.
Establish the environmental pollution control technology index system in the overall consideration of advanced technical indicators and economic indicators.Clean production technology first level indicators include: resource and energy consumption, pollutant emissions and economic cost, technology maturity.first level indicator. Pollutant control technology first level indicators include: pollutant emissions and economic cost, technology maturity.first level indicator. The index system should consider the industry characteristics and the reality for the second and the third level indicators.
AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is used widely for its characteristics of combining qualitative and quantitative, the indicators the indicator two-two comparison.But the calculation of AHP is more complicated and the consistency test is not scientific.This paper will optimize AHP under the idea of adjusting judgment matrix to complete consistency matrix by looking for the key elements of influence the consistency of judgment matrix.And that will Simplify the calculation and make the results be more scientific. This paper evaluated the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment technologies with AHP. The result is:“micro electrolysis+sediment+photosynthetic bacteria oxidation+hydrolysis acidification+two-stage biological contact oxidation+biological activated carbon column”>“anaerobic+SBR”>“UASB+CASS”>“H/O+biological contact oxidation”>“UASB +biological contact oxidation + oxidation ditch”>“oxygen compatibility pool +CA SS”>“oxygen compatibility pool + aerobic pool + denitrification + nitrification”>“hydrolysis + two-stage micro electrolysis biological iron pool+ two-stage biological contact oxidation”>“deep well aeration+biological contact oxidation”>“biological contact oxidation。”
This paper analyzed the relationship between pollution control technology costs and benefits,which changed the past ideas of the environment cost-benefit analysis, environmental pollution prevention technology into the relationship between cost and benefit analysis.This paper made the environmental pollution control technologies cost-benefit analysis on the basis of building the environmental pollution control technologies cost function,and made the cost-benefit analysis on the desulfurization technology throngh building the coal-fired power plants desulfurization cost function.
在建立环境污染防治技术指标体系时,统筹考虑技术的先进性指标和经济性指标。污染物减排清洁生产技术指标包括:资源与能源消耗、污染物排放、经济成本、技术成熟度等一级指标;污染物末端治理技术指标包括:污染物排放、经济成本、技术成熟度等一级指标。二级指标、三级指标可根据行业特点及现实状况进行合理构建。
层次分析法因其“定性与定量相结合、各指标两两比较”等特点而受到广泛应用。但计算过程较为繁琐,一致性检验缺乏科学性。本文以将判断矩阵调整为具有完全一致性的矩阵为思路对层次分析法进行优化,通过查找判断矩阵中影响矩阵一致性的关键元素,对判断矩阵进行调整使其达到完全一致性,简化计算过程,使计算结果更为科学。以此为基础,运用层次分析法对制药废水处理技术进行了评估,所进行评估技术的优劣顺序为:“微电解+可溶化沉淀+光合细菌氧化+酸化水解+二级接触氧化+生物炭柱”>“厌氧-SBR”>“UASB+CASS”>“H/O池+接触氧化”>“UASB+接触氧化+氧化沟”>“兼氧池+CASS”>“兼氧池+好氧池+反硝化+硝化”>“水解+两级微电解生物铁池+两级接触氧化”>“深井曝气+接触氧化”>“生物接触氧化”。
改变以往环境保护费用效益分析的思路,对环境污染防治技术的投入费用与所得到的效益进行分析。以构建环境污染防治技术费用函数为基础,进行环境污染防治技术费效分析,并通过构建燃煤电厂脱硫技术费用函数,对脱硫技术进行了经济费效分析。
As more and more attention of environmental pollution, environmental pollution control techniques also continues to develop. And now there are many types of technologies.But the environmental pollution control technology assessment work has been very limited because of the lack of scientific,rational, objective and fair evaluation index system and assessment methods.there is no necessary, reasonable guidance to the investment on environmental protection,because the cost-benefit analysis of environmental pollution control technology is not enough,which is resulting in economic losses.This paper relies on state water pollution control science and technology major project issues - water pollution control technology management system framework and assessment studies, and study on the environmental pollution control techniques index system, assessment methods and cost-benefit analysis.
Establish the environmental pollution control technology index system in the overall consideration of advanced technical indicators and economic indicators.Clean production technology first level indicators include: resource and energy consumption, pollutant emissions and economic cost, technology maturity.first level indicator. Pollutant control technology first level indicators include: pollutant emissions and economic cost, technology maturity.first level indicator. The index system should consider the industry characteristics and the reality for the second and the third level indicators.
AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is used widely for its characteristics of combining qualitative and quantitative, the indicators the indicator two-two comparison.But the calculation of AHP is more complicated and the consistency test is not scientific.This paper will optimize AHP under the idea of adjusting judgment matrix to complete consistency matrix by looking for the key elements of influence the consistency of judgment matrix.And that will Simplify the calculation and make the results be more scientific. This paper evaluated the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment technologies with AHP. The result is:“micro electrolysis+sediment+photosynthetic bacteria oxidation+hydrolysis acidification+two-stage biological contact oxidation+biological activated carbon column”>“anaerobic+SBR”>“UASB+CASS”>“H/O+biological contact oxidation”>“UASB +biological contact oxidation + oxidation ditch”>“oxygen compatibility pool +CA SS”>“oxygen compatibility pool + aerobic pool + denitrification + nitrification”>“hydrolysis + two-stage micro electrolysis biological iron pool+ two-stage biological contact oxidation”>“deep well aeration+biological contact oxidation”>“biological contact oxidation。”
This paper analyzed the relationship between pollution control technology costs and benefits,which changed the past ideas of the environment cost-benefit analysis, environmental pollution prevention technology into the relationship between cost and benefit analysis.This paper made the environmental pollution control technologies cost-benefit analysis on the basis of building the environmental pollution control technologies cost function,and made the cost-benefit analysis on the desulfurization technology throngh building the coal-fired power plants desulfurization cost function.
引文
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