20Cr2V2基表面含钴超硬高速钢的研究
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摘要
超硬高速钢一般指回火硬度在HRC67以上的高速钢,具有耐热性、耐磨性能好,硬度高等特点,是加工难切削材料、制造数控机床刀具和高速切削刀具必不可少的刀具材料。在工业发达国家,钴系超硬高速钢的产量已占到高速钢总量的20%以上。但市场上钴的价格昂贵,而且我国钴资源较缺,因此含钴超硬高速钢生产很少。
表面冶金高速钢是采用先进的表面合金化技术,在普通碳钢或低合金钢表面渗入W、Mo、C等合金元素,通过淬火、回火使表面形成具有高速钢成分和性能的表面合金层,充分利用表面的高硬度、红硬性和耐磨性,以及基体的柔韧性,达到最佳的性能组合,同时可以大大降低合金成本。
本研究课题就是利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术在20Cr2V2低合金钢表面形成含钴超硬高速钢的一种工艺方法。本研究课题首先在20Cr2V2低合金钢表面进行W-Mo-Co共渗,使表层渗入一定的合金元素;接着在渗完金属的试样表面进行固体渗碳,使渗层表面表面基本达到或接近超硬高速钢的成分;然后经后续淬火、回火处理,获得超硬高速钢的性能;最后本课题研究了与表面强化GCr15钢进行耐磨性对比试验。
本研究课题获得以下结果:
1、在世界领先的双层辉光离子渗金属钨钼表面高速钢基础上,提出表面含钴超硬高速钢的又一项新工艺,完善了双辉表面冶金工艺技术,拓宽了使用范围,具有广阔的应用前景。
2、20Cr2V2低合金钢经W-Mo-Co共渗后,表面含W量为11wt%左右,含Mo量为6wt%左右,含Co量为12.5wt%左右。渗层与基体为冶金结合,渗层中的柱状晶组织与基体保持着一定的晶体学位相关系。
3、W-Mo-Co合金层经固体渗碳,表面渗层75μm内碳含量保持在1.2wt%以上,超过了平衡碳的计算值。
4、淬火回火后,表面硬度最高达1200HV(＞70 HRC),并且由表及里逐步下降,呈梯度分布,在距表面100μm处其硬度为942HV(＞67HRC)左右,渗层保持了很高的硬度,达到了超硬高速钢的要求。625℃时,表面含钴超硬高速钢的红硬性为856HV(65HRC),高于含钴超硬高速钢M42(59HRC)和Co5的红硬性(62.2HRC),可见表面含钴超硬高速钢具有极强的抗回火软化能力。
5、20Cr2V2低合金钢经W-Mo-Co共渗表面复合强化工艺处理后,碳化物主要类型为MC,M_2C,M_6C及Cr_7C_3型碳化物和一些少量的金属间化合物(Co_3W、Fe_7Mo_3)。
6、20Cr2V2低合金钢经W-Mo-Co共渗表面复合强化工艺处理后,与20Cr2V2低合金钢强化处理相比,摩擦系数降低,表面几乎没有被磨损,而是大量覆盖着从对磨小球上转移下来的物质,磨损量、磨损率和磨损速率均为负值,表现出了优良的抗摩擦磨损性能。
Superhard high speed steel,as a kind of high speed steel with temperature hardness over HRC67,due to wear resistance,hot resistance,high hardness and so on,had become a very important material for processing hard cutting tools,producing numerical control machine tools and high speed cutting tools.In industry developed country,the output of cobalt-superhard high speed steel has already reached twenty percent of high speed steel's.However,the price of cobalt was very expensive in market and cobalt was short in our country,so this kind of speed steel was seldom made.
The surface metallurgy HSS could be made on the surface of common carton steel or low alloy steel by a kind of advanced surface metallurgy technology.After alloying W,Mo,C and so on on the substrate,then by quenching and tempering process,the surface could got HSS'S composition and properties.Because of adequately making use of the surface's high hardness,anti-temper softening ability, wear resistance and the substrate's excellent toughness,this kind of surface metallurgy HSS was the best abilities combine.Besides,the price would be greatly gone down.
This article presented a new method to produce a layer of super-hard high speed steel on the surface of low alloy steel by double glow plasma alloying technique.First, W-Mo-Co permeation was discussed on the surface of low alloy steel 20Cr2V2 and certain alloy elements was got;then the suface alloy component was close to supe-rhard high speed steel by following carburizing process;after quenching and tempering process,the alloying layer may possessed super HSS'excellent abilities.At last,the paper was mainly introduced that the wear resistance comparative experiments among W-Mo-Co permeation surface super-hard HSS and surface intensifying GCr15 steel.
In the paper the following results had been achieved:
1.Another new process of preparing contained cobalt super-hard surface HSS was achieved on the basis of tungsten molybdenum surface HSS by double glow plasma alloying technique,which perfected the double glow surface metallurgy technology,broadened the applying fields and would be more suitable for industry application.
2.The composition of molybdenum reached 6 wt%and that of cobalt was about 12.5wt%and that of tungsten was about 11wt%after W-Mo-Co permeation on the surface of low alloy steel 20Cr2V2.In addition,the layer was metallurgical bonded with substrate and its column grain structure also had certain phase relation with substrate.
3.After solid carburizing,the contents of carbide reached above 1.2wt%inside 75μm of W-Mo-Co alloying layer and surpassed the balance carbon value.
4.After hardening,the highest surface hardness reached 1200HV(above 70 HRC)and was graded distribution.At about 100μm from the surface,the hardness still reached 942HV(above 67HRC),so the alloyed layer satisfied the hardness standard of super-hard high speed steel.Besides,at 625℃,the hot hardness could reached 856HV(65HRC)and surpassed the hot hardness of contained cobalt super HSS M42(59HRC)and Co5(62.2HRC).So the surface contained cobalt super HSS had better tempering resistance stability.
5.The main carbide styles and intermatallic compounds of W-Mo-Co permeation surface compound intensifying treatment were MC(?)M_2C(?)M_6C(?)Cr_7C_3 Co_3W and Fe_7Mo_3.
6.The wear resistance of low alloy steel 20Cr2V2 after W-Mo-Co permeation surface compound intensifying treatments was excellent compare to low alloy steel 20Cr2V2 intensifying treatments.In contrast,the surface compound intensified specimen recorded a lower friction coefficient and the surface almost was not worn.However,the surface was covered a large number of substance from the worn steel ball,so the wear loss,wear ratio and wear velocity were negative reflected excellent performance of wear resistance.
表面冶金高速钢是采用先进的表面合金化技术,在普通碳钢或低合金钢表面渗入W、Mo、C等合金元素,通过淬火、回火使表面形成具有高速钢成分和性能的表面合金层,充分利用表面的高硬度、红硬性和耐磨性,以及基体的柔韧性,达到最佳的性能组合,同时可以大大降低合金成本。
本研究课题就是利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术在20Cr2V2低合金钢表面形成含钴超硬高速钢的一种工艺方法。本研究课题首先在20Cr2V2低合金钢表面进行W-Mo-Co共渗,使表层渗入一定的合金元素;接着在渗完金属的试样表面进行固体渗碳,使渗层表面表面基本达到或接近超硬高速钢的成分;然后经后续淬火、回火处理,获得超硬高速钢的性能;最后本课题研究了与表面强化GCr15钢进行耐磨性对比试验。
本研究课题获得以下结果:
1、在世界领先的双层辉光离子渗金属钨钼表面高速钢基础上,提出表面含钴超硬高速钢的又一项新工艺,完善了双辉表面冶金工艺技术,拓宽了使用范围,具有广阔的应用前景。
2、20Cr2V2低合金钢经W-Mo-Co共渗后,表面含W量为11wt%左右,含Mo量为6wt%左右,含Co量为12.5wt%左右。渗层与基体为冶金结合,渗层中的柱状晶组织与基体保持着一定的晶体学位相关系。
3、W-Mo-Co合金层经固体渗碳,表面渗层75μm内碳含量保持在1.2wt%以上,超过了平衡碳的计算值。
4、淬火回火后,表面硬度最高达1200HV(＞70 HRC),并且由表及里逐步下降,呈梯度分布,在距表面100μm处其硬度为942HV(＞67HRC)左右,渗层保持了很高的硬度,达到了超硬高速钢的要求。625℃时,表面含钴超硬高速钢的红硬性为856HV(65HRC),高于含钴超硬高速钢M42(59HRC)和Co5的红硬性(62.2HRC),可见表面含钴超硬高速钢具有极强的抗回火软化能力。
5、20Cr2V2低合金钢经W-Mo-Co共渗表面复合强化工艺处理后,碳化物主要类型为MC,M_2C,M_6C及Cr_7C_3型碳化物和一些少量的金属间化合物(Co_3W、Fe_7Mo_3)。
6、20Cr2V2低合金钢经W-Mo-Co共渗表面复合强化工艺处理后,与20Cr2V2低合金钢强化处理相比,摩擦系数降低,表面几乎没有被磨损,而是大量覆盖着从对磨小球上转移下来的物质,磨损量、磨损率和磨损速率均为负值,表现出了优良的抗摩擦磨损性能。
Superhard high speed steel,as a kind of high speed steel with temperature hardness over HRC67,due to wear resistance,hot resistance,high hardness and so on,had become a very important material for processing hard cutting tools,producing numerical control machine tools and high speed cutting tools.In industry developed country,the output of cobalt-superhard high speed steel has already reached twenty percent of high speed steel's.However,the price of cobalt was very expensive in market and cobalt was short in our country,so this kind of speed steel was seldom made.
The surface metallurgy HSS could be made on the surface of common carton steel or low alloy steel by a kind of advanced surface metallurgy technology.After alloying W,Mo,C and so on on the substrate,then by quenching and tempering process,the surface could got HSS'S composition and properties.Because of adequately making use of the surface's high hardness,anti-temper softening ability, wear resistance and the substrate's excellent toughness,this kind of surface metallurgy HSS was the best abilities combine.Besides,the price would be greatly gone down.
This article presented a new method to produce a layer of super-hard high speed steel on the surface of low alloy steel by double glow plasma alloying technique.First, W-Mo-Co permeation was discussed on the surface of low alloy steel 20Cr2V2 and certain alloy elements was got;then the suface alloy component was close to supe-rhard high speed steel by following carburizing process;after quenching and tempering process,the alloying layer may possessed super HSS'excellent abilities.At last,the paper was mainly introduced that the wear resistance comparative experiments among W-Mo-Co permeation surface super-hard HSS and surface intensifying GCr15 steel.
In the paper the following results had been achieved:
1.Another new process of preparing contained cobalt super-hard surface HSS was achieved on the basis of tungsten molybdenum surface HSS by double glow plasma alloying technique,which perfected the double glow surface metallurgy technology,broadened the applying fields and would be more suitable for industry application.
2.The composition of molybdenum reached 6 wt%and that of cobalt was about 12.5wt%and that of tungsten was about 11wt%after W-Mo-Co permeation on the surface of low alloy steel 20Cr2V2.In addition,the layer was metallurgical bonded with substrate and its column grain structure also had certain phase relation with substrate.
3.After solid carburizing,the contents of carbide reached above 1.2wt%inside 75μm of W-Mo-Co alloying layer and surpassed the balance carbon value.
4.After hardening,the highest surface hardness reached 1200HV(above 70 HRC)and was graded distribution.At about 100μm from the surface,the hardness still reached 942HV(above 67HRC),so the alloyed layer satisfied the hardness standard of super-hard high speed steel.Besides,at 625℃,the hot hardness could reached 856HV(65HRC)and surpassed the hot hardness of contained cobalt super HSS M42(59HRC)and Co5(62.2HRC).So the surface contained cobalt super HSS had better tempering resistance stability.
5.The main carbide styles and intermatallic compounds of W-Mo-Co permeation surface compound intensifying treatment were MC(?)M_2C(?)M_6C(?)Cr_7C_3 Co_3W and Fe_7Mo_3.
6.The wear resistance of low alloy steel 20Cr2V2 after W-Mo-Co permeation surface compound intensifying treatments was excellent compare to low alloy steel 20Cr2V2 intensifying treatments.In contrast,the surface compound intensified specimen recorded a lower friction coefficient and the surface almost was not worn.However,the surface was covered a large number of substance from the worn steel ball,so the wear loss,wear ratio and wear velocity were negative reflected excellent performance of wear resistance.
引文
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