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北方地区8种藤本忍冬抗旱性比较研究
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摘要
近年来,由于人口激增和天然植被的破坏而带来的环境质量问题受到了极大地关注,随着人们对城市绿化要求的提高,选择并应用适应性强的园林植物材料已经迫在眉睫。藤本忍冬(Lonicera)作为优良的藤本植物,在我国北方城市园林绿化中逐渐受到重视,国内外优良品种的引种选育工作已取得初步成功。如何客观地评价这些种及品种的适应性,探讨它们在水分胁迫下的形态结构、生态及生理变化,从而指导我国北方地区的引种驯化和栽培应用成了当前急需解决的问题。
     本课题是作者在中国科学院植物研究所濒危及野生植物迁地保育的基础生物学创新研究组实验室完成的,是国家科技部攻关项目“首都圈(环北京)防沙治沙应急技术研究与示范项目”和中国科学院农业项目办公室项目“藤本植物环境绿化关键技术研究与示范项目”中的一部分。课题的重点是对有市场潜力和推广应用价值的8种引种自国内外的藤本忍冬进行叶片解剖结构、生理生态特征、当年生扦插苗(3个种)模拟水分胁迫下的生理反应等三个方面的研究,旨在探讨它们的抗旱机理以及比较它们的抗旱性,为今后的推广应用提供理论依据,主要研究结果如下:
     ·在8种藤本忍冬中,金银花(Lonicera.japonica)、红白忍冬(L.japonica var.chinensis)、淡红忍冬(L.acuminata var.acuminata)在叶片的解剖结构上都具有气孔密度大(分别为400、302.4、361.6个/mm~2)、角质层厚(分别为2.5、2.5、5.0μm)、表皮细胞体积小而排列紧密的特点,表现出较强的抗旱性。
     ·叶片结构上的特点影响了它们的生理生态特性,上述三种忍冬表现在净光合速率、水分利用效率上都较其他种高。
     ·在水分胁迫条件下,金银花和红白忍冬能保持较高的相对含水量、保护酶活性和较强的渗透调节能力,表现出较强的忍耐水分亏缺的能力。
     ·从实验结果来看,8种藤本忍冬在叶片解剖结构、生态特性、生理特性、栽培性状等几方面所表现的抗旱性是比较一致的,相互之间存在紧密的联系。
The key point of the research is to carry out the studies on 8 species of climbing honeysuckle, which have market potential and high application value in three different aspects, including the leaf anatomical structure, eco-physiological feature, the physiological responses of cutting stems (3 species) under water stress stimulation. The purposes of the studies are to investigate the drought resistance mechanisms of these plants and compare their characteristics of drought resistance, and provide evidences to and promote their applications. The main findings are summarized as follows:
     Among 8 species of climbing honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica, L. japonica var. chinensis and L. acuminata var.. acuminata have higher density of the stomata
    (400.0, 302.4, 361.6/mm2), thicker cuticles (2.5, 2.5, 5.0um), small-sized and tightly arranged of epidermal cells in the leaf anatomical structure. They showed stronger ability to drought.
     The characteristics of the leaf structures affected their eco-physiological feature. The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of the above 3 honeysuckles mentioned above were higher than the others.
     L japonica and L. japonica var. chinensis can keep higher relative water content, protective enzye activity and stronger osmotic ability.
     According to the experimental results, the drought resistance expressed in these 8 species and varieties of climbing honeysuckle are consistent under the studies of the leaf anatomical structure, ecological, physiological and cultivation characteristics and hence they interrelated.
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