供应链环境下饲料企业原料采购管理实证研究
|
摘要
从上世纪90年代开始,随着世界经济与科学技术的发展,企业之间竞争日趋激烈。加上社会环境动荡使企业面临的是一个十分不确定的市场,在这种情况下波特的一直指引着企业发展的“纵向一体化”管理模式已经不能适应企业新时代的需求,“横向一体化”的管理模式应运而生。供应链管理思想自从20世纪80年代被提出到现在,已经成为很多企业的主要管理指导思想。供应链管理是一种集成的管理理念和方法,它与传统的生产管理模式存在很大差别,它是从系统的角度对整条供应链进行业务流程重组和优化,实现供应链上的企业的同步化运作和效益最大化。基于供应链管理理论的采购管理是现代企业资源决策和提高核心竞争力的重要手段。该模型的主要手段是通过优化企业采购流程、改善企业采购策略、科学的管理库存、供应商关系的管理来达到降低采购成本的目的,进而提高企业的效益。
本文首先通过对供应链、供应链管理以及采购管理概念的系统阐述,奠定本文的理论基础;接着对供应链环境下的采购和采购管理加以分析,阐述了采购在供应链中的地位与作用和供应链环境下企业采购方式的转变;进而得出本文研究的重点问题:供应链环境下饲料企业原料采购管理实证研究。通过对我国饲料企业现状和饲料原料市场进行分析,得出了我国饲料企业采购中存在的问题。为了使饲料企业更好解决问题,进一步强调饲料企业在供应链环境下实施采购管理,提出了管理信息系统的建立和实施与JIT采购管理的方法。接着本文分析了在供应链环境下企业对于供应商的管理和采购成本控制,如何有效的降低企业的采购成本和增强企业核心竞争力。最后本文以武汉中粮肉食品有限公司饲料厂为例进行研究,结合前面的理论基础,通过分析其采购中出现的问题,找出采购的不足之处,有针对性的提出改进建议和设想。本文的研究结论与建议对于我国饲料企业在供应链环境下开展有效的采购管理有一定的借鉴价值。
With the development of global economy, science and technology, the competition between enterprises are increasing from 1990s. Enterprises are facing an uncertain market because of the social unrest. In this situation, Porter's management mode--"vertical integration", which guides the enterprises' development, can not adapt the demand of new times, while the management mode of "horizontal integration" comes into being. Since the supply chain management has been raised from 1980s, it has become the key guiding management ideology for many enterprises. Supply chain management is an integrated management philosophy and methods, which has significant differences from the traditional models of production management. From the perspective of system, it reengineers and optimizes the business process, realizes the synchronization of the enterprises' operation and the maximum efficiency of the whole supply chain. Procurement based on the theory of supply chain management is an important means of resource decision-making and the enhancement of the core competitiveness in modern enterprises. By optimizing the procurement process, improving the procurement strategy and managing the inventory and supplier relationship scientifically, this model can reduce procurement costs, thereby improve the efficiency.
In this paper, first of all through the systematic presentation of the supply chain, the management of supply chain as well as the procurement management, it laid the theoretical basis of this article; then it analyzed procurement as well as procurement management, and showed the status and role of it and the change of procurement method in the supply chain; later it came to the focus of this paper: the study on feed company's procurement management of raw materials in the supply chain. Through analyzing the quo of China's animal feed enterprises and feed market of raw material, we can find out the problems existing in the procurement of China's feed business. In order to help the feed business solve problems, and further stress that the feed business should apply procurement management in the supply chain, this paper proposed to build information management system and implement the JIT procurement and management approach. Then it analyzed enterprises' management of suppliers, the control of cost procurement in the supply chain, how to reduce procurement costs effectively and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. Finally, based on the previous theory, this paper took COFCO in Wuhan as an example, identified the disadvantages by analyzing the problems appeared in procurement, and put forward targeted recommendations for improvement and ideas. The results and suggestions of this paper are very useful for china's feed companies to procure and manage effectively in the supply chain.
本文首先通过对供应链、供应链管理以及采购管理概念的系统阐述,奠定本文的理论基础;接着对供应链环境下的采购和采购管理加以分析,阐述了采购在供应链中的地位与作用和供应链环境下企业采购方式的转变;进而得出本文研究的重点问题:供应链环境下饲料企业原料采购管理实证研究。通过对我国饲料企业现状和饲料原料市场进行分析,得出了我国饲料企业采购中存在的问题。为了使饲料企业更好解决问题,进一步强调饲料企业在供应链环境下实施采购管理,提出了管理信息系统的建立和实施与JIT采购管理的方法。接着本文分析了在供应链环境下企业对于供应商的管理和采购成本控制,如何有效的降低企业的采购成本和增强企业核心竞争力。最后本文以武汉中粮肉食品有限公司饲料厂为例进行研究,结合前面的理论基础,通过分析其采购中出现的问题,找出采购的不足之处,有针对性的提出改进建议和设想。本文的研究结论与建议对于我国饲料企业在供应链环境下开展有效的采购管理有一定的借鉴价值。
With the development of global economy, science and technology, the competition between enterprises are increasing from 1990s. Enterprises are facing an uncertain market because of the social unrest. In this situation, Porter's management mode--"vertical integration", which guides the enterprises' development, can not adapt the demand of new times, while the management mode of "horizontal integration" comes into being. Since the supply chain management has been raised from 1980s, it has become the key guiding management ideology for many enterprises. Supply chain management is an integrated management philosophy and methods, which has significant differences from the traditional models of production management. From the perspective of system, it reengineers and optimizes the business process, realizes the synchronization of the enterprises' operation and the maximum efficiency of the whole supply chain. Procurement based on the theory of supply chain management is an important means of resource decision-making and the enhancement of the core competitiveness in modern enterprises. By optimizing the procurement process, improving the procurement strategy and managing the inventory and supplier relationship scientifically, this model can reduce procurement costs, thereby improve the efficiency.
In this paper, first of all through the systematic presentation of the supply chain, the management of supply chain as well as the procurement management, it laid the theoretical basis of this article; then it analyzed procurement as well as procurement management, and showed the status and role of it and the change of procurement method in the supply chain; later it came to the focus of this paper: the study on feed company's procurement management of raw materials in the supply chain. Through analyzing the quo of China's animal feed enterprises and feed market of raw material, we can find out the problems existing in the procurement of China's feed business. In order to help the feed business solve problems, and further stress that the feed business should apply procurement management in the supply chain, this paper proposed to build information management system and implement the JIT procurement and management approach. Then it analyzed enterprises' management of suppliers, the control of cost procurement in the supply chain, how to reduce procurement costs effectively and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. Finally, based on the previous theory, this paper took COFCO in Wuhan as an example, identified the disadvantages by analyzing the problems appeared in procurement, and put forward targeted recommendations for improvement and ideas. The results and suggestions of this paper are very useful for china's feed companies to procure and manage effectively in the supply chain.
引文
1.(美)迈克尔·波特著.竞争战略.陈小悦泽.北京:华夏出版社,1997.13-15
2.唐蓉.供应链管理环境下的采购成本控制[J].铁道货运,2008,(03).
3.白美清.面对新情况采取新措施促进饲料工业持续协调发展[J].饲料广角,2004(6).
4.蔡辉益.中国饲料产业现状及展望[J].饲料博览(管理版),2008,(01).
5.陈冲.供应链中准时化采购的风险分析与控制策略[J].中国市场,2008,(02).
6.陈慧芝.论企业供应链管理战略[J].现代企业教育.2009.(02).
7.陈启申.供需链管理与企业资源计划[M].北京:企业管理出版社,2001:185-186.
8.程玉忠.基于供应链环境下的企业采购管理研究[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
9.董艳蕊.基于敏捷供应链的供应商选择和管理[D].大连理工大学,2008
10.冯建本.供应链协调下的采购管理[J].河南科技,2009,(2).
11.付亮剑等.当前饲料业面临的问题及解决途径[J].饲料研究,2002(4).
12.侯书森,孔淑红.企业供应链管理[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社,2002.21
13.胡信布,陈金亮,苏兵.供应链管理的发展和研究内容概述[J].价值工程,2004,5:35-38
14.霍佳震,雷星晖,隋明刚.基于供应链的供应商绩效评价体系研究[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(02).
15.季之华.入世后中国饲料工业发展趋势[J].中国饲料,2002(15).
16.孔凡德,孟军,卢庆营.当前我国饲料业发展存在的问题及对策[J].饲料世界.2004(2):53
17.李志刚.基于JIT理论的供应链采购模式探析[J].物流技术,2003,(08)
18.刘玉瀛,余英武,王晔.浅谈供应链管理环境下钢铁企业的物流整合[J].物流技术,2004.11
19.马丽娟等.基于用户满意度的供应链绩效评价指标体系研究[J].物流技术,2002,3(2):19-20.
20.马士华,林勇,陈志祥.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.5
21.倪梅,鞠颂东.供应链条件下的采购管理[J].供应链管理,2002
22.牛宝俊.加入WTO对我国饲料业发展的影响与战略选择[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2003(3).
23.潘艳波.供应链管理下的采购研究[D].天津大学,2007
24.冉文江,冯俊文,王丽娟.供应链管理的发展趋势[J].经济论坛.2003:23(38)
25.沈小静,谭广魁,唐长虹.采购管理[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2003:46-48.
26.盛莉.供应链环境下采购管理的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2008.
27.史利清.饲料企业如何培育核心竞争力[J].饲料工业,2006,(03)
28.史玉敏,赵庆祯.供应链与供应链管理的研究[J].中国科技信息,2005.22
29.斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯[美].管理学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001:89-90.
30.宋涛.PP公司供应链管理案例研究[D].西南财经大学,2005李国志.转变思路,实现饲料企业可持续发展[J].家禽科学,2006,(04)
31.苏金栋.采购管理内涵及相关概念研究述评[J].商场现代化,2008,(06).
32.孙晋力.采购管理中的成本控制[J].科技创业月刊,2008,(02)
33.陶家树.中型饲料企业的出路[J].农业知识,2008,(03).
34.王成,刘惠,赵媛媛.供应商管理精要[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:88-90.
35.王槐林.采购管理与库存控制[M],中国物资出版社,2004
36.王廷军.基于供应链管理的昌源公司采购管理模式设计[D].兰州大学,2007.
37.温明.中小饲料企业信息化建设初探[J].饲料工业,2008,(01).
38.熊振德,雷霆.供应链管理模式下企业采购与应用研究[J].社会科学家,2005.7
39.熊志辉,吴良刚.基于供应链管理的采购策略分析与探讨[J].企业家天地(下半月),2005,(11).
40.阎子刚,吕亚君.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:44-45.
41.杨茂东.我国饲料企业的经营现状、分析及对策研究(上)[J].饲料广角,2005,(04)陈霞.饲料企业市场竞争的特点[J].四川畜牧兽医,2007,(02).
42.易春香.浅谈饲料企业的成本控制[J].湖南饲料,2009,(5).
43.赵明.中小饲料企业经营22法则[J].饲料广角,2005,(05)
44.朱道立,垄国华,罗齐.物流与供应链管理[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001:22-23.
45.朱英,陈定方.基于供应链的采购管理信息系统的研究与实现[J].物流技术,2007,(02).
46.Andrew Blatherwick.The supply chain balancing-stock and service at a profit[J].Logistics Information Management.2001.9:24-26
47.Basak I.On the use of information criteria in analytic hierarchy process[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2002,141(1):200-216.
48.Bessant J,Kaplinsky R,Lamming Putting supply chain learning into practice[J].International Journal of Operations&Production Management,2003,23(2):167-184.
49.Buzon L,Bouras A.Representation and exchange of supply chain knowledge[C].Cybernetics and Informatics Proceedings of SCI 7th World Multiconference on Systemics.Orlando.2003,.
50.Chinho Lin,Hsiang-Chin Hung,June-Yie Wu.A knowledge management architecture in collabora-tive supply chain[J].The Journal of Computer Information Systems,2002,42(5):83-94.
51.Donald J.Bowersox David J.Closs and M.Bixby Cooper.Supply Chain Management[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:45-46.
52.Done A,Frohlich M.An empirical study of the impact upon performance of upstream and downstreamknowledge in the supply chain[C].Proceedings of Decision Sciences Institute.San Diego,CA.2002,:23-26.
53.Jan Olhager,Erik Selldin.Supply chain managemeat survey of Swedish manufacturing firms.Int.J.Production Economics,2004,89:353-361
54.Lars-Erik,G,Ivan,S.Making the most of supplier relationships.Industrial Marketing Management.2000,29:305-316.
55.Spekman R E,Spear J,Kamauff J.Supply chain competency:Learning as a key component[J].Supply Chain Management,2002,7(1):41-55.
2.唐蓉.供应链管理环境下的采购成本控制[J].铁道货运,2008,(03).
3.白美清.面对新情况采取新措施促进饲料工业持续协调发展[J].饲料广角,2004(6).
4.蔡辉益.中国饲料产业现状及展望[J].饲料博览(管理版),2008,(01).
5.陈冲.供应链中准时化采购的风险分析与控制策略[J].中国市场,2008,(02).
6.陈慧芝.论企业供应链管理战略[J].现代企业教育.2009.(02).
7.陈启申.供需链管理与企业资源计划[M].北京:企业管理出版社,2001:185-186.
8.程玉忠.基于供应链环境下的企业采购管理研究[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
9.董艳蕊.基于敏捷供应链的供应商选择和管理[D].大连理工大学,2008
10.冯建本.供应链协调下的采购管理[J].河南科技,2009,(2).
11.付亮剑等.当前饲料业面临的问题及解决途径[J].饲料研究,2002(4).
12.侯书森,孔淑红.企业供应链管理[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社,2002.21
13.胡信布,陈金亮,苏兵.供应链管理的发展和研究内容概述[J].价值工程,2004,5:35-38
14.霍佳震,雷星晖,隋明刚.基于供应链的供应商绩效评价体系研究[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(02).
15.季之华.入世后中国饲料工业发展趋势[J].中国饲料,2002(15).
16.孔凡德,孟军,卢庆营.当前我国饲料业发展存在的问题及对策[J].饲料世界.2004(2):53
17.李志刚.基于JIT理论的供应链采购模式探析[J].物流技术,2003,(08)
18.刘玉瀛,余英武,王晔.浅谈供应链管理环境下钢铁企业的物流整合[J].物流技术,2004.11
19.马丽娟等.基于用户满意度的供应链绩效评价指标体系研究[J].物流技术,2002,3(2):19-20.
20.马士华,林勇,陈志祥.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.5
21.倪梅,鞠颂东.供应链条件下的采购管理[J].供应链管理,2002
22.牛宝俊.加入WTO对我国饲料业发展的影响与战略选择[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2003(3).
23.潘艳波.供应链管理下的采购研究[D].天津大学,2007
24.冉文江,冯俊文,王丽娟.供应链管理的发展趋势[J].经济论坛.2003:23(38)
25.沈小静,谭广魁,唐长虹.采购管理[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2003:46-48.
26.盛莉.供应链环境下采购管理的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2008.
27.史利清.饲料企业如何培育核心竞争力[J].饲料工业,2006,(03)
28.史玉敏,赵庆祯.供应链与供应链管理的研究[J].中国科技信息,2005.22
29.斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯[美].管理学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001:89-90.
30.宋涛.PP公司供应链管理案例研究[D].西南财经大学,2005李国志.转变思路,实现饲料企业可持续发展[J].家禽科学,2006,(04)
31.苏金栋.采购管理内涵及相关概念研究述评[J].商场现代化,2008,(06).
32.孙晋力.采购管理中的成本控制[J].科技创业月刊,2008,(02)
33.陶家树.中型饲料企业的出路[J].农业知识,2008,(03).
34.王成,刘惠,赵媛媛.供应商管理精要[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:88-90.
35.王槐林.采购管理与库存控制[M],中国物资出版社,2004
36.王廷军.基于供应链管理的昌源公司采购管理模式设计[D].兰州大学,2007.
37.温明.中小饲料企业信息化建设初探[J].饲料工业,2008,(01).
38.熊振德,雷霆.供应链管理模式下企业采购与应用研究[J].社会科学家,2005.7
39.熊志辉,吴良刚.基于供应链管理的采购策略分析与探讨[J].企业家天地(下半月),2005,(11).
40.阎子刚,吕亚君.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:44-45.
41.杨茂东.我国饲料企业的经营现状、分析及对策研究(上)[J].饲料广角,2005,(04)陈霞.饲料企业市场竞争的特点[J].四川畜牧兽医,2007,(02).
42.易春香.浅谈饲料企业的成本控制[J].湖南饲料,2009,(5).
43.赵明.中小饲料企业经营22法则[J].饲料广角,2005,(05)
44.朱道立,垄国华,罗齐.物流与供应链管理[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001:22-23.
45.朱英,陈定方.基于供应链的采购管理信息系统的研究与实现[J].物流技术,2007,(02).
46.Andrew Blatherwick.The supply chain balancing-stock and service at a profit[J].Logistics Information Management.2001.9:24-26
47.Basak I.On the use of information criteria in analytic hierarchy process[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2002,141(1):200-216.
48.Bessant J,Kaplinsky R,Lamming Putting supply chain learning into practice[J].International Journal of Operations&Production Management,2003,23(2):167-184.
49.Buzon L,Bouras A.Representation and exchange of supply chain knowledge[C].Cybernetics and Informatics Proceedings of SCI 7th World Multiconference on Systemics.Orlando.2003,.
50.Chinho Lin,Hsiang-Chin Hung,June-Yie Wu.A knowledge management architecture in collabora-tive supply chain[J].The Journal of Computer Information Systems,2002,42(5):83-94.
51.Donald J.Bowersox David J.Closs and M.Bixby Cooper.Supply Chain Management[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:45-46.
52.Done A,Frohlich M.An empirical study of the impact upon performance of upstream and downstreamknowledge in the supply chain[C].Proceedings of Decision Sciences Institute.San Diego,CA.2002,:23-26.
53.Jan Olhager,Erik Selldin.Supply chain managemeat survey of Swedish manufacturing firms.Int.J.Production Economics,2004,89:353-361
54.Lars-Erik,G,Ivan,S.Making the most of supplier relationships.Industrial Marketing Management.2000,29:305-316.
55.Spekman R E,Spear J,Kamauff J.Supply chain competency:Learning as a key component[J].Supply Chain Management,2002,7(1):41-55.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |