青海省江仓矿区防塌钻井液技术研究
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摘要
江仓煤田位于西宁市西北310km,属于侏罗系煤系地层,为浅变质的泥岩、砂岩。受喜马拉雅构造运动的影响,地质构造复杂,断裂、褶皱发育,尤其是该地区的硬脆性泥页岩地层,微裂缝发育,钻井中极易发生井壁坍塌、掉块、卡钻等恶性事故。该地区钻井过程中所使用的水基钻井液存在不足,突出表现为钻井液体系的抑制和封堵性差,导致井颈扩大率大,井眼不规则,对物探测井等也产生很大影响。通过本文的研究希望能够分析出江仓矿区钻探过程中出现坍塌、掉块的原因,研究出合适的防塌钻井液,可以应用于该地区的钻进。
本文从青海省江仓矿区的泥页岩分析入手,进行了化学方面的井壁稳定分析研究。第一,研究和分析了该地区井壁不稳定的原因。第二,研究出了适合该地区的强抑制性钻井液体系。这为青海省江仓矿区钻探井壁稳定技术措施的制定奠定良好基础。
对江仓矿区易坍塌地层岩性进行了泥页岩理化特性研究。利用在该地区钻进过程中所取得的岩心进行井眼稳定技术方法研究,包括粘土矿物组成分析、分散性实验等。在此基础上分析了该地区钻进坍塌、掉块、卡钻等物理化学失稳的机理,并提出了针对性的钻井液技术对策,即加强防塌钻井液的抑制性及封堵性能,为防塌钻井液体系的选择提供理论基础。
在完成易坍塌地层泥页岩理化特性研究以后,利用现有的实验条件,进行了防塌钻井液体系配方的配制和优化及其综合性能实验研究。其中钻井液配方的配制包括抑制剂、稀释剂、防塌剂、降失水剂以及封堵剂的选择和评价;钻井液综合性能的实验研究包括钻井液的密度、流变性、失水性、粘度、抑制性、抗污染性、润滑性等性能的测试;针对该地区钻进不稳定的原因,在优选包被剂、稀释剂、防塌剂、降失水剂以及强封堵剂的基础上,通过正交实验研究出了合适的防塌水基钻井液体系,并在江仓矿区进行了现场应用,现场应用效果较好,同时提出了使用该防塌钻井液的现场维护工艺技术措施。
室内大量的实验结果以及现场应用表明,研制出来的防塌钻井液体系不仅具有良好的流变、降失水、抑制性能及抗污染能力,而且还能有效地封堵地层中的微裂缝及破碎带,现场维护处理简单。
Jiangcang coal field locates at Xining northwest 310km. The stratum is Jurassic coal measures, and the lithology is metamorphic bind with sandstone. It was characterized by complex geological structure, lots of fractures and folds under the influence of Himalayan tectogenesis, Specially for the hard brittle shales with a quantities of micro-fractures in this area, serious problems such as borehole instability, and pipe sticking occurred frequently during the borehole drilling. The former used water base drilling fluid had weaknesses especially the bad inhibitive ability which induced the bigger enlargement ratio of hole-diameter, abnormal borehole and also influenced the logging. Through the study of this thesis it is hoped that the reason for the borehole instability of Jiangcang mine can be found out, and excogitate a kind of anti-sloughing drilling fluids that can be well used in this area.
In this thesis, it firstly analyzed the shales of Jiangcang mine in Qinghai Province and researched on the reasons for the borehole instability from the chemical aspect; Secondly, it excogitated a kind of anti-sloughing drilling fluids that can be well used in this area. This study will be good for the drawing up of borehole stability measures during borehole drilling for Jiangcang mine in Qinghai Province.
The physical and chemical characteristics of shales in the formations which were liable to collapse were studied. I used the drill core which was got during the borehole drilling in Jiangcang mine to research on the technology of borehole stability, including composition analysis of clay mineral, dispersion test and so on. On the basis of the former research, the mechanism for borehole physical chemistry instability and pipe sticking were analyzed, and also the competent drilling fluids technology were putted forward, viz. enhancing the sealing and inhibitive ability. After finished the study of physical and chemical characteristics of shales, it researched on the configuration and performance of anti-sloughing drilling fluids.
The research of anti-sloughing drilling fluids configuration included the selection and analysis of inhibitive agent, thinning agent, anti-sloughing agent, filtration control agent and plugging agent; The performance tests of drilling fluids included density, rheological and filtration control properties, viscosity, inhibitive character, anti-contamination property and lubricity; On the basis of optimized inhibitive agent, thinning agent, anti-sloughing agent, filtration control agent and plugging agent, excogitated a kind of anti-sloughing drilling fluids, and it was practice used in Jiangcang mine.
A lot of laboratory results and on site practice showed that this kind anti-sloughing drilling fluids exhibited favorable rheological and filtration control properties, as well as inhibitive character, anti-contamination property, and can effectively seal the micro-fractures and fracture zones in the formations, and the on-site maintenance is convenient.
本文从青海省江仓矿区的泥页岩分析入手,进行了化学方面的井壁稳定分析研究。第一,研究和分析了该地区井壁不稳定的原因。第二,研究出了适合该地区的强抑制性钻井液体系。这为青海省江仓矿区钻探井壁稳定技术措施的制定奠定良好基础。
对江仓矿区易坍塌地层岩性进行了泥页岩理化特性研究。利用在该地区钻进过程中所取得的岩心进行井眼稳定技术方法研究,包括粘土矿物组成分析、分散性实验等。在此基础上分析了该地区钻进坍塌、掉块、卡钻等物理化学失稳的机理,并提出了针对性的钻井液技术对策,即加强防塌钻井液的抑制性及封堵性能,为防塌钻井液体系的选择提供理论基础。
在完成易坍塌地层泥页岩理化特性研究以后,利用现有的实验条件,进行了防塌钻井液体系配方的配制和优化及其综合性能实验研究。其中钻井液配方的配制包括抑制剂、稀释剂、防塌剂、降失水剂以及封堵剂的选择和评价;钻井液综合性能的实验研究包括钻井液的密度、流变性、失水性、粘度、抑制性、抗污染性、润滑性等性能的测试;针对该地区钻进不稳定的原因,在优选包被剂、稀释剂、防塌剂、降失水剂以及强封堵剂的基础上,通过正交实验研究出了合适的防塌水基钻井液体系,并在江仓矿区进行了现场应用,现场应用效果较好,同时提出了使用该防塌钻井液的现场维护工艺技术措施。
室内大量的实验结果以及现场应用表明,研制出来的防塌钻井液体系不仅具有良好的流变、降失水、抑制性能及抗污染能力,而且还能有效地封堵地层中的微裂缝及破碎带,现场维护处理简单。
Jiangcang coal field locates at Xining northwest 310km. The stratum is Jurassic coal measures, and the lithology is metamorphic bind with sandstone. It was characterized by complex geological structure, lots of fractures and folds under the influence of Himalayan tectogenesis, Specially for the hard brittle shales with a quantities of micro-fractures in this area, serious problems such as borehole instability, and pipe sticking occurred frequently during the borehole drilling. The former used water base drilling fluid had weaknesses especially the bad inhibitive ability which induced the bigger enlargement ratio of hole-diameter, abnormal borehole and also influenced the logging. Through the study of this thesis it is hoped that the reason for the borehole instability of Jiangcang mine can be found out, and excogitate a kind of anti-sloughing drilling fluids that can be well used in this area.
In this thesis, it firstly analyzed the shales of Jiangcang mine in Qinghai Province and researched on the reasons for the borehole instability from the chemical aspect; Secondly, it excogitated a kind of anti-sloughing drilling fluids that can be well used in this area. This study will be good for the drawing up of borehole stability measures during borehole drilling for Jiangcang mine in Qinghai Province.
The physical and chemical characteristics of shales in the formations which were liable to collapse were studied. I used the drill core which was got during the borehole drilling in Jiangcang mine to research on the technology of borehole stability, including composition analysis of clay mineral, dispersion test and so on. On the basis of the former research, the mechanism for borehole physical chemistry instability and pipe sticking were analyzed, and also the competent drilling fluids technology were putted forward, viz. enhancing the sealing and inhibitive ability. After finished the study of physical and chemical characteristics of shales, it researched on the configuration and performance of anti-sloughing drilling fluids.
The research of anti-sloughing drilling fluids configuration included the selection and analysis of inhibitive agent, thinning agent, anti-sloughing agent, filtration control agent and plugging agent; The performance tests of drilling fluids included density, rheological and filtration control properties, viscosity, inhibitive character, anti-contamination property and lubricity; On the basis of optimized inhibitive agent, thinning agent, anti-sloughing agent, filtration control agent and plugging agent, excogitated a kind of anti-sloughing drilling fluids, and it was practice used in Jiangcang mine.
A lot of laboratory results and on site practice showed that this kind anti-sloughing drilling fluids exhibited favorable rheological and filtration control properties, as well as inhibitive character, anti-contamination property, and can effectively seal the micro-fractures and fracture zones in the formations, and the on-site maintenance is convenient.
引文
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