小口径易碎型穿甲弹穿甲毁伤特性研究
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摘要
易碎穿甲弹是一种用在多管高射速小口径火炮或大口径机枪上的新型弹药,对近程轻装甲移动目标具有较高的毁伤效果。本文从易碎材料特性和终点效应方面入手,研究了易碎型穿甲弹的穿甲毁伤特性。利用钨合金生产设备和工艺,设计了几种不同性能的易碎钨合金材料,加上普通钨合金,共准备了7种弹芯材料。通过静态拉伸、压缩和金相等性能试验,筛选出4种具有一定性能差别的易碎材料。其主要性能指标包括密度、抗压强度、抗拉强度、伸长率、硬度、压拉比等。对这4种材料进行了动态穿靶试验,试验结果表明易碎材料的静态性能和动态穿甲毁伤特性存在一定关系。同时,用穿甲力学理论分析了易碎弹芯破碎机理和破片后效力,通过易碎型穿甲弹的模拟靶侵彻毁伤试验结果表明,弹芯结构和着靶速度对毁伤效果也有一定影响,但在弹芯结构和其它因素影响相同的前提下,易碎弹丸对目标的毁伤效果决定于钨合金易碎材料的特性及其制造工艺。这些研究为易碎穿甲弹的设计提供了参考。
Fragile armour-piercing projectile is a new kind of ammunition which is used for multibarrel high-rate of firing small-bore cannon or large-bore scattergun, and also it has the higher damaging effect to close-in light armored vehicle moving objects. In this paper, armor-piercing destruction characteristic of the frangible tungsten alloy armour-piercing projectile has been studied, from the aspect of fragile material characteristic and terminal effects. With the help of tungsten alloy production equipment and technics, some kinds of fragile tungsten alloy materials that having different performance have been designed, added ordinary tungsten alloy, total seven different projectile material have been prepared. By performance experiments of static pulling, static compression and metallographic testing, four kinds of fragile materials that haveing certain difference about performance are selected. That index of main properties includes the density, compression strength, tensile strength, tensile stretch, hardness, ratio of compression strength to tensile strength and so on. Dynamic penetration experiment were carried out to this four kinds of fragile materials, the results of testing showed that the relationships between the static performance of the fragile material and the dynamic penetration destruction performance exist. At the same time, the fragile mechanism of projectile and fragment residual effectiveness is analysed through armour-piercing mechanics theory, and the results of testing through hitting and damaging the targets by means of frangile armour-piercing projectile made by tungsten and simulated projectile showed that the bullet core structure and impact velocity has a definite influence to the damaging effect, but the damaging effect of the fragile bullet is decided by the characteristic and fabrication method of the tungsten alloy brittle material under the premise that the bullet core structure and other factors influence same. These studies provide reference for design of fragile armour-piercing projectile.
Fragile armour-piercing projectile is a new kind of ammunition which is used for multibarrel high-rate of firing small-bore cannon or large-bore scattergun, and also it has the higher damaging effect to close-in light armored vehicle moving objects. In this paper, armor-piercing destruction characteristic of the frangible tungsten alloy armour-piercing projectile has been studied, from the aspect of fragile material characteristic and terminal effects. With the help of tungsten alloy production equipment and technics, some kinds of fragile tungsten alloy materials that having different performance have been designed, added ordinary tungsten alloy, total seven different projectile material have been prepared. By performance experiments of static pulling, static compression and metallographic testing, four kinds of fragile materials that haveing certain difference about performance are selected. That index of main properties includes the density, compression strength, tensile strength, tensile stretch, hardness, ratio of compression strength to tensile strength and so on. Dynamic penetration experiment were carried out to this four kinds of fragile materials, the results of testing showed that the relationships between the static performance of the fragile material and the dynamic penetration destruction performance exist. At the same time, the fragile mechanism of projectile and fragment residual effectiveness is analysed through armour-piercing mechanics theory, and the results of testing through hitting and damaging the targets by means of frangile armour-piercing projectile made by tungsten and simulated projectile showed that the bullet core structure and impact velocity has a definite influence to the damaging effect, but the damaging effect of the fragile bullet is decided by the characteristic and fabrication method of the tungsten alloy brittle material under the premise that the bullet core structure and other factors influence same. These studies provide reference for design of fragile armour-piercing projectile.
引文
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