风电并网对电力系统安全稳定的影响
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摘要
随着风电技术和装备水平的不断提高,风力发电技术日趋成熟,具有可大规模开发和商业化运行的条件,己发展成为继火电、水电之后的我国第三大电源。但风电具有随机性和波动性的特点,随着风电渗透率的不断提高,风电并网给电力系统的安全稳定运行带来挑战。
本文在研究风力发电机组结构和特性基础上,从电力系统的潮流计算、小干扰稳定性、暂态稳定性等方面,对风电并网对电力系统的影响进行了研究。
风电并网后对电力系统潮流分析和计算的影响是一个需首先解决的基础问题,研究风电并网后的系统潮流计算方法,有利于确定风电场的并网方案,并为进一步研究其对系统稳定性、可靠性等方面的工作提供基础。本文在分析风速模型和风机的稳态潮流模型的基础上,对风机的结构和模型详细的分析和阐述,并结合已有的潮流计算确定了异步式风力发电机和双馈式风力发电机并网后的潮流计算模型。为满足实际仿真的需要,提出了异步风力发电机的简化处理模型和流程。
我国电网风电场机组的规模不断扩大,区域电网互联也迅速发展。在这样的发展形势下,由于风力发电所固有的随机性、间歇性和不可调控性等特点,使得电力系统在运行过程中无时不遭受到一些小的干扰影响。对含有风电场的电力系统进行小干扰稳定性及阻尼特性的分析已经成为非常迫切的课题。本文运用PSASP软件搭建了一个模拟的地区电网模型并对该模型进行了详细的分析计算,结果表明,该地区电网模型风电接入对系统中与其他机组强相关的振荡模式影响有限。
风力发电机组与传统的同步机组相比,具有不同的稳态和暂态特性,同时,大规模风电的接入,会使系统原有的潮流分布及整个系统的惯量发生改变。这些都会对风电并网后的电力系统的暂态稳定性产生影响。本文对现阶段广泛使用的双馈风电机组的模型进行了分析和阐述,在分析我国电力系统及风电发展现状的基础上,利用暂态稳定数值分析方法,对实际算例失去部分电源后系统的暂态稳定性进行了计算分析。
With the continuous improvement of wind power technology and the level of equipment, wind power generation technology matures, as it has the conditions for large-scale development and commercial operation, the wind power has developed to become the third largest power in China, after thermal power and hydropower. However, wind power has the characteristics of randomness and volatility, as the penetration of wind power increasing, the integration of wind power into power system brings challenge to the security and stability of power system.
In this paper, based on the research of wind turbine structure and characteristic, the impact of integration of wind power on the power system is studied from the aspect of power flow calculation, small signal stability and transient stability.
The impact of integration of wind power on the power flow analysis and calculation is the foundation problem requires to be solved firstly. To research the method of power flow calculation after integration of wind power is conducive to determine the wind farm integration scheme, and provides a basis research for the further work of stability and reliability of power system. In this paper, based on the analysis of wind speed model and steady-state power flow model, the structure and model of wind turbine are analyzed and elaborated in detail. Combined with the existing method, the model of power flow calculation of asynchronous wind turbine and doubly-fed wind turbine is established. In order to meet the needs of the actual simulation, the simplified model and processes of asynchronous wind turbine are proposed.
As the scale of wind power expanding, the regional power grid interconnection develops rapidly. In such a situation, due to the inherent randomness, volatility and non-regulative of wind power, the power system suffers small disturbances all the time during operation. The analysis of small signal stability and damping characteristics of the power system containing wind farms becomes a very urgent issue. In this paper, a regional power grid simulation model is set up using PSASP software, and this model is analyzed in detail. The results show that, in this regional power grid, the integration of wind power has limited impact on the oscillation model related to other units.
Compared to traditional synchronizations, the wind turbine generators have a different steady state and transient characteristics. As the wind power integrated, the original power How distribution and inertia of power system will change. These will have an impact on the transient stability of power system. In this paper, the model of doubly-fed wind turbine, which is widely used at present, is analyzed and elaborated. Based on the analysis of development of power system and wind power in China, the transient stability of the practical example loss of part of the power is calculated and analyzed, using the method of transient stability numerical analysis.
本文在研究风力发电机组结构和特性基础上,从电力系统的潮流计算、小干扰稳定性、暂态稳定性等方面,对风电并网对电力系统的影响进行了研究。
风电并网后对电力系统潮流分析和计算的影响是一个需首先解决的基础问题,研究风电并网后的系统潮流计算方法,有利于确定风电场的并网方案,并为进一步研究其对系统稳定性、可靠性等方面的工作提供基础。本文在分析风速模型和风机的稳态潮流模型的基础上,对风机的结构和模型详细的分析和阐述,并结合已有的潮流计算确定了异步式风力发电机和双馈式风力发电机并网后的潮流计算模型。为满足实际仿真的需要,提出了异步风力发电机的简化处理模型和流程。
我国电网风电场机组的规模不断扩大,区域电网互联也迅速发展。在这样的发展形势下,由于风力发电所固有的随机性、间歇性和不可调控性等特点,使得电力系统在运行过程中无时不遭受到一些小的干扰影响。对含有风电场的电力系统进行小干扰稳定性及阻尼特性的分析已经成为非常迫切的课题。本文运用PSASP软件搭建了一个模拟的地区电网模型并对该模型进行了详细的分析计算,结果表明,该地区电网模型风电接入对系统中与其他机组强相关的振荡模式影响有限。
风力发电机组与传统的同步机组相比,具有不同的稳态和暂态特性,同时,大规模风电的接入,会使系统原有的潮流分布及整个系统的惯量发生改变。这些都会对风电并网后的电力系统的暂态稳定性产生影响。本文对现阶段广泛使用的双馈风电机组的模型进行了分析和阐述,在分析我国电力系统及风电发展现状的基础上,利用暂态稳定数值分析方法,对实际算例失去部分电源后系统的暂态稳定性进行了计算分析。
With the continuous improvement of wind power technology and the level of equipment, wind power generation technology matures, as it has the conditions for large-scale development and commercial operation, the wind power has developed to become the third largest power in China, after thermal power and hydropower. However, wind power has the characteristics of randomness and volatility, as the penetration of wind power increasing, the integration of wind power into power system brings challenge to the security and stability of power system.
In this paper, based on the research of wind turbine structure and characteristic, the impact of integration of wind power on the power system is studied from the aspect of power flow calculation, small signal stability and transient stability.
The impact of integration of wind power on the power flow analysis and calculation is the foundation problem requires to be solved firstly. To research the method of power flow calculation after integration of wind power is conducive to determine the wind farm integration scheme, and provides a basis research for the further work of stability and reliability of power system. In this paper, based on the analysis of wind speed model and steady-state power flow model, the structure and model of wind turbine are analyzed and elaborated in detail. Combined with the existing method, the model of power flow calculation of asynchronous wind turbine and doubly-fed wind turbine is established. In order to meet the needs of the actual simulation, the simplified model and processes of asynchronous wind turbine are proposed.
As the scale of wind power expanding, the regional power grid interconnection develops rapidly. In such a situation, due to the inherent randomness, volatility and non-regulative of wind power, the power system suffers small disturbances all the time during operation. The analysis of small signal stability and damping characteristics of the power system containing wind farms becomes a very urgent issue. In this paper, a regional power grid simulation model is set up using PSASP software, and this model is analyzed in detail. The results show that, in this regional power grid, the integration of wind power has limited impact on the oscillation model related to other units.
Compared to traditional synchronizations, the wind turbine generators have a different steady state and transient characteristics. As the wind power integrated, the original power How distribution and inertia of power system will change. These will have an impact on the transient stability of power system. In this paper, the model of doubly-fed wind turbine, which is widely used at present, is analyzed and elaborated. Based on the analysis of development of power system and wind power in China, the transient stability of the practical example loss of part of the power is calculated and analyzed, using the method of transient stability numerical analysis.
引文
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[2]国际能源署(IEA)风电工作组[R].北京：中国电机工程学会,2009：36-40.
[3]中华人民共和国可再生能源法.2006.1
[4]Slootweg J G. Wind power modeling and impact on power system dynamics [D]. Delft University of Technology,2003.
[5]雷亚洲.与风电并网相关的研究课题[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(8)：84-89.
[6]李锋,鲁一川.大规模风力发电对电力系统的影响[J].中国电力,2006,39(11)：80-84.
[7]马幼捷,张继东.风电场的稳定问题[J].可再生能源,2006(3)：37-39.
[8]迟永宁,王伟胜,戴慧珠.大型风电场对电力系统暂态稳定性的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(5)：10-14.
[9]何东升,刘永强,王亚.并网型风力发电系统的研究[J].高电压技术,2008,34(1)：142-145.
[10]孙涛,王伟胜,戴慧珠,等.风力发电引起的电压波动和闪变[J].电网技术,2003,27(12)：62-66.
[11]Larsson A. Flicker emission of wind turbines caused by switching operations[J]. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2002,17(1):119-123.
[12]吴义纯,丁明,张立军.含风电场的电力系统潮流计算[J].中国电机工程学报.2005,25(4)：36-39.
[13]王海超,周双喜,鲁宗相,等.含风电场的电力系统潮流计算的联合迭代方法及应用[J].电网技术,2005,29(18)：59-62.
[14]陈金富,陈海焱,段献忠.含大型风电场的电力系统多时段动态优化潮流[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3)：31-35.
[15]潘文霞.大型风电场电压稳定性分析与控制研究.河海大学博士论文.2004.
[16]迟永宁.大型风电场接入电网的稳定性研究.中国电力科学研究院博士论文.2006.
[17]Zhou F Q, Joos G, Abbey C. Voltage stability in weak connection wind farms. Power Engineering Society General Meeting, IEEE:Vol 2, Jun 12-16,2005, Sna Francisco, USA.2005:1483-1488.
[18]Smith J, Brooks D. Voltage impacts of distributed wind generation on rural distribution feeders. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, IEEE/PES, Vol 1, Oct 28-Nov 2,2001, Atlanta, USA.2001(1):492-497.
[19]向大为,杨顺昌,冉立.电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的系统仿真研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10)：130-135.
[20]Anaya-Lara O, Hughes F M, Jenkins N, Strbac G. Contribution of DFIG-based wind farms to power system short-term frequency regulation. IEE Proceedings Generation Transmission and Distribution.2006,153(2):164-170.
[21]Ekanayake J B, Holdworth L, Wu X G. Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines. Power Systems,2003,2(18):803-809.
[22]Morren J, Haan S W. Ride-through of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator during a voltage dip[J]. Energy Conversion,2005,2(20):435-441.
[23]卞松江.变速恒频风力发电关键技术研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2003.
[24]申洪,梁军,戴慧珠.基于电力系统暂态稳定分析的风电场穿透功率极限计算[J].电网技术,2002,26(8)：8-11.
[25]吴学光,张学成,印永华,等.异步风力发电系统动态稳定性分析的数学模型及其应用[J].电网技术,1998,22(6)：68-72.
[26]赵宏伟.风力发电机暂态特及其对继电保护的影响研究[D].北京：华北电力大学，2007.
[27]赵仁德,贺益康,刘其辉.提高PWM整流器抗负载扰动性能研究.电工技术学报,2004,19(8)：67-72.
[28]潘文霞,陈允平.风电系统及其电压特性研究[J].河海大学学报,2001,29(1)：88-92.
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