考虑列车纵向作用的高架车站动力分析
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摘要
摘要：随着国民经济日益增长的需求,铁路建设得到了快速发展,其中车站的建设规模越来越大,高架车站这种立体化的结构形式也得到越来越多的采用,在交通的高效组织和城市建设中扮演重要的角色。与此同时,这种新型的车站结构也会带来一些新的问题。列车通过高架车站以及在车站内频繁地制动或起动时,会引起列车和高架车站结构之间的动力相互作用,这种动力作用对结构的安全性和乘客及站内工作人员的舒适性产生影响。
本文在车桥耦合振动理论的基础上,研究了高速铁路高架车站结构在车辆激励下的振动响应这一振动工程研究领域的前沿课题。通过建立列车一高架车站耦合系统三维动力分析模型,实现列车高速通过车站和在车站内制动或起动时的全过程动力仿真分析,对列车荷载在高架车站内传递规律进行研究,并对高架车站结构在列车荷载作用下的振动安全性和使用舒适度以及列车高速通过车站结构时的运行安全性和平稳性进行振动评价。主要的研究内容和创新点包括：
(1)对高速铁路及高架车站的发展进行了综述,总结了高架车站的结构形式及特点、振动问题及研究内容。重点对车桥耦合振动、高架车站动力分析和列车纵向动力作用研究现状进行了总结,指出目前高架车站振动和列车纵向作用研究中的不足之处。
(2)在以前列车纵向分析的传统单质点分析模型和纵向多质点模型基础上,建立高速动车组的纵向动力分析模型。基于此高速动车组的纵向分析模型,通过我国CRH2型200km/h动车组按7级常用制动在线路上制动停车的算例,计算得到作用于轨面的列车制动力时程。同时,研究了列车制动时对桥梁的纵向动力作用,通过建立考虑梁轨纵向相互作用的车辆—轨道—桥梁系统纵向动力分析模型,以典型国产高速列车制动时通过铺设无缝钢轨的十跨高墩简支梁桥作为算例,求解高速列车制动时车辆—轨道—桥梁系统的纵向动力响应。并与我国桥涵设计规范中关于列车制动附加力对桥梁结构静力作用的计算结果进行比较分析。
(3)建立了考虑列车纵向作用的高速列车—高架车站系统动力分析模型,其中车辆子系统以多刚体动力学建立三维动力分析模型,推导考虑纵向自由度的车辆运动方程。车站结构子系统通过有限元建模,两者通过纵向、垂向和横向轮轨关系假定联系起来,由此建立的系统方程通过全过程迭代法求解。其中车辆—结构耦合关系是系统动力分析的关键,主要介绍了轮轨垂向和纵向密贴假定,横向的简化的Kaller线性蠕滑理论或蛇形波假定。而数值求解方法是研究的难点,主要介绍了全过程迭代法的计算流程及其与以往计算方法的区别和优势。
(4)对列车在高架车站内制动进站和起动出站时车站结构的关键部位进行动力测试,分析列车的制动和起动对车站结构的振动影响,同时也为高架车站的动力仿真计算分析提供试验验证。并且进一步对车站结构的使用舒适性和安全性进行评价,并研究判别车站使用舒适性和安全性的初步标准。
(5)以第3章介绍的高速列车—高架车站动力分析基本理论为基础,以南京南站为算例,计算分析南京南站在不同列车不同的运行状态下的动力响应特征,并结合第四章南京南站的动力测试,对比制动工况下的计算结果和实测结果。最后对列车和高架车站结构的振动舒适性进行评价。
ABSTRACT:With the increasing demand of national economy, the railway construction has developed a lot. The construction scale of railway station is becoming larger and larger, and the elevated railway station, which is a kind of three-dimensional structure, is more widely adopted, thus playing a significant role in the efficient organization of transport and urban construction. On the other hand, this new kind of station structure will bring some new problems. The train passing through the elevated railway station and its frequent braking and starting will lead to the dynamic interaction between the train and the station structure, which will influence the safety of structure and comfort of passengers and staff in the station.
Based on the vehicle-bridge vibration theory, the frontier subject in the vibration-engineering field of the vibration responses of elevated high-speed railway station under vehicle load is studied in this dissertation. By establishing a three-dimensional dynamic analytical model of the coupling train-elevated railway station system, the whole process dynamic emulation analysis of a train passing through the station at a high speed as well as its braking and starting is performed.In this dissertation, the transfer mechanism of vehicle load in the elevated railway station is studied and the safety and comfort of the station structure under vehicle load as well as the safety and stability of the train passing through the station at a high speed are evaluated. The main research contents and innovation points are as follows:
(1) The developments of the high-speed railway and the elevated railway station are summarized as well as the structures, the characters, the vibration problems and research contents of the elevated railway station. The vehicle-bridge coupling vibration, the dynamic analysis of elevated railway station and the longitudinal dynamic interaction of the train are especially summarized. Some weak points in the research of the vibration of elevated railway station and the longitudinal interaction of train are also proposed.
(2) Based on the traditional single-particle analytical model and longitudinal multi-particle model on the longitudinal analysis of train, the longitudinal dynamic analytical model of high-speed EMU is established. Based on this longitudinal analytical model, through the study case of CRH2EMU with the speed of200km/h braking at a7-level service braking, the time-history of braking force acting on the rail surface can be obtained. Meanwhile, the longitudinal dynamic effect on bridge under the train braking is studied. Taking the longitudinal interaction between the bridge and rail into consideration, a longitudinal dynamic analytical model of train-rail-bridge system is established. Taking the typical domestic high-speed train passing through a10-span simply supported bridge paved with gapless rail as a study case, the dynamic responses of the train-rail-bridge system when a high-speed train is braking are obtained.
(3) A dynamic analytical model of high-speed train-elevated railway station system considering the longitudinal interaction of train is established. In this model, the train subsystem is modeled as a three-dimensional analytical model on the basis of multi-body dynamics and the motion equation of train considering longitudinal degrees of freedom can be derived. The station structure subsystem is modeled through finite element modeling. The two subsystems are connected through the assumptions of longitudinal, vertical and transverse wheel-rail relations. The resulting system equations can be solved by the whole process iterative method. The train-structure coupling relation is the key to the dynamic analysis of the above system, in which the wheel and the rail are assumed to be closely contacted in the vertical and longitudinal directions and in the transverse direction, the wheel-rail relation is assumed through the simplified Kaller linear creep theory or the wheel-set hunting assumption. The Numerical method is a research difficulty and in this dissertation, the calculation procedure of the whole process iterative method is introduced as well as its differences from and advantages over other methods.
(4) A dynamic test on the key parts of the station structure when the train is braking to stop in the station and starting to leave is performed. During the test, the vibration influence due to braking and starting of train on the station structure is analyzed and the test also provides experiment verification for the dynamic emulation analysis of the elevated railway station. The comfort of the station is also evaluated and the preliminary standard of station comfort is studied.
(5) Based on the basic dynamic analysis theories of high-speed train-elevated railway station system introduced in Chapter3, with the Nanjing South Railway Station used as a study case, the dynamic response characteristics of the station under different train running status is calculated and analyzed. Combined with the dynamic tests introduced in Chapter4, the calculation results and the measured results under the same braking conditions are compared. Eventually, the vibration comfort of the train and the elevated railway station is evaluated.
本文在车桥耦合振动理论的基础上,研究了高速铁路高架车站结构在车辆激励下的振动响应这一振动工程研究领域的前沿课题。通过建立列车一高架车站耦合系统三维动力分析模型,实现列车高速通过车站和在车站内制动或起动时的全过程动力仿真分析,对列车荷载在高架车站内传递规律进行研究,并对高架车站结构在列车荷载作用下的振动安全性和使用舒适度以及列车高速通过车站结构时的运行安全性和平稳性进行振动评价。主要的研究内容和创新点包括：
(1)对高速铁路及高架车站的发展进行了综述,总结了高架车站的结构形式及特点、振动问题及研究内容。重点对车桥耦合振动、高架车站动力分析和列车纵向动力作用研究现状进行了总结,指出目前高架车站振动和列车纵向作用研究中的不足之处。
(2)在以前列车纵向分析的传统单质点分析模型和纵向多质点模型基础上,建立高速动车组的纵向动力分析模型。基于此高速动车组的纵向分析模型,通过我国CRH2型200km/h动车组按7级常用制动在线路上制动停车的算例,计算得到作用于轨面的列车制动力时程。同时,研究了列车制动时对桥梁的纵向动力作用,通过建立考虑梁轨纵向相互作用的车辆—轨道—桥梁系统纵向动力分析模型,以典型国产高速列车制动时通过铺设无缝钢轨的十跨高墩简支梁桥作为算例,求解高速列车制动时车辆—轨道—桥梁系统的纵向动力响应。并与我国桥涵设计规范中关于列车制动附加力对桥梁结构静力作用的计算结果进行比较分析。
(3)建立了考虑列车纵向作用的高速列车—高架车站系统动力分析模型,其中车辆子系统以多刚体动力学建立三维动力分析模型,推导考虑纵向自由度的车辆运动方程。车站结构子系统通过有限元建模,两者通过纵向、垂向和横向轮轨关系假定联系起来,由此建立的系统方程通过全过程迭代法求解。其中车辆—结构耦合关系是系统动力分析的关键,主要介绍了轮轨垂向和纵向密贴假定,横向的简化的Kaller线性蠕滑理论或蛇形波假定。而数值求解方法是研究的难点,主要介绍了全过程迭代法的计算流程及其与以往计算方法的区别和优势。
(4)对列车在高架车站内制动进站和起动出站时车站结构的关键部位进行动力测试,分析列车的制动和起动对车站结构的振动影响,同时也为高架车站的动力仿真计算分析提供试验验证。并且进一步对车站结构的使用舒适性和安全性进行评价,并研究判别车站使用舒适性和安全性的初步标准。
(5)以第3章介绍的高速列车—高架车站动力分析基本理论为基础,以南京南站为算例,计算分析南京南站在不同列车不同的运行状态下的动力响应特征,并结合第四章南京南站的动力测试,对比制动工况下的计算结果和实测结果。最后对列车和高架车站结构的振动舒适性进行评价。
ABSTRACT:With the increasing demand of national economy, the railway construction has developed a lot. The construction scale of railway station is becoming larger and larger, and the elevated railway station, which is a kind of three-dimensional structure, is more widely adopted, thus playing a significant role in the efficient organization of transport and urban construction. On the other hand, this new kind of station structure will bring some new problems. The train passing through the elevated railway station and its frequent braking and starting will lead to the dynamic interaction between the train and the station structure, which will influence the safety of structure and comfort of passengers and staff in the station.
Based on the vehicle-bridge vibration theory, the frontier subject in the vibration-engineering field of the vibration responses of elevated high-speed railway station under vehicle load is studied in this dissertation. By establishing a three-dimensional dynamic analytical model of the coupling train-elevated railway station system, the whole process dynamic emulation analysis of a train passing through the station at a high speed as well as its braking and starting is performed.In this dissertation, the transfer mechanism of vehicle load in the elevated railway station is studied and the safety and comfort of the station structure under vehicle load as well as the safety and stability of the train passing through the station at a high speed are evaluated. The main research contents and innovation points are as follows:
(1) The developments of the high-speed railway and the elevated railway station are summarized as well as the structures, the characters, the vibration problems and research contents of the elevated railway station. The vehicle-bridge coupling vibration, the dynamic analysis of elevated railway station and the longitudinal dynamic interaction of the train are especially summarized. Some weak points in the research of the vibration of elevated railway station and the longitudinal interaction of train are also proposed.
(2) Based on the traditional single-particle analytical model and longitudinal multi-particle model on the longitudinal analysis of train, the longitudinal dynamic analytical model of high-speed EMU is established. Based on this longitudinal analytical model, through the study case of CRH2EMU with the speed of200km/h braking at a7-level service braking, the time-history of braking force acting on the rail surface can be obtained. Meanwhile, the longitudinal dynamic effect on bridge under the train braking is studied. Taking the longitudinal interaction between the bridge and rail into consideration, a longitudinal dynamic analytical model of train-rail-bridge system is established. Taking the typical domestic high-speed train passing through a10-span simply supported bridge paved with gapless rail as a study case, the dynamic responses of the train-rail-bridge system when a high-speed train is braking are obtained.
(3) A dynamic analytical model of high-speed train-elevated railway station system considering the longitudinal interaction of train is established. In this model, the train subsystem is modeled as a three-dimensional analytical model on the basis of multi-body dynamics and the motion equation of train considering longitudinal degrees of freedom can be derived. The station structure subsystem is modeled through finite element modeling. The two subsystems are connected through the assumptions of longitudinal, vertical and transverse wheel-rail relations. The resulting system equations can be solved by the whole process iterative method. The train-structure coupling relation is the key to the dynamic analysis of the above system, in which the wheel and the rail are assumed to be closely contacted in the vertical and longitudinal directions and in the transverse direction, the wheel-rail relation is assumed through the simplified Kaller linear creep theory or the wheel-set hunting assumption. The Numerical method is a research difficulty and in this dissertation, the calculation procedure of the whole process iterative method is introduced as well as its differences from and advantages over other methods.
(4) A dynamic test on the key parts of the station structure when the train is braking to stop in the station and starting to leave is performed. During the test, the vibration influence due to braking and starting of train on the station structure is analyzed and the test also provides experiment verification for the dynamic emulation analysis of the elevated railway station. The comfort of the station is also evaluated and the preliminary standard of station comfort is studied.
(5) Based on the basic dynamic analysis theories of high-speed train-elevated railway station system introduced in Chapter3, with the Nanjing South Railway Station used as a study case, the dynamic response characteristics of the station under different train running status is calculated and analyzed. Combined with the dynamic tests introduced in Chapter4, the calculation results and the measured results under the same braking conditions are compared. Eventually, the vibration comfort of the train and the elevated railway station is evaluated.
引文
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