陕西关中城镇体系协调发展研究
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摘要
在经济全球化、区域经济一体化的宏观背景下,城市之间的竞争已不再仅仅表现为单个城市的竞争,而是越来越体现为以核心城市为中心的城市区域或城市群的竞争,单个城市的利益将更多的依赖整个区域的整体利益,依赖于在区域范围内与其它城镇在空间组织、职能分工和网络等级间的相互作用关系,因此,通过各种有效途径,加强区域范围内城镇间的整合与重组,建立协调型的城镇体系,已经成为一种具有全球意义的区域发展模式和基本取向。
世纪之交的中国城镇在产业结构、功能布局和空间结构等方面发生了巨大变化。在东部沿海涌现出了一批在世界城市体系中占有重要地位的核心城市和围绕核心城市而形成的大都市区或城市带,而城镇密集区的关中由于受自然环境、区域发展条件、思想观念、开放程度及经济基础等方面的影响,城镇发展水平与东部沿海相比仍处于滞后与低速发展状态,如何借助西部大开发与“一线两带”建设的良好机遇,根据全球性产业结构调整与空间重组的基本规律,运用城镇集聚与扩散功能,通过城镇体系的优化加快实现关中经济、社会与资源环境的协调发展,这对拥有区位、旅游资源、智力资源与政策优势的关中而言,显得尤为重要。
本文在对相关概念界定的基础上,以城镇体系演变的基本规律和相关理论为指导,从关中城镇体系的历史演进入手,对关中城镇规模结构、职能结构和空间结构的演变过程及其特征进行了分析,在考察国内外城镇密集区城镇体系发展实践,并与关中城镇体系发展现状进行比较分析的基础上,指出关中城镇体系发展中存在的问题及其现处阶段,进而围绕新形势下关中经济、社会和环境发展的内在要求,构建与关中发展目标相适应的协调型城镇体系这一主题,按照“三结构-网络化-协调化”的主体思路,从城镇职能定位与产业选择、城镇空间组织与构架、城镇等级结构协调、城镇体系协调发展机制与管治模式四方面展开系统深入研究,最后提出促进关中城镇体系协调发展的总体方略。全文由八章组成。
第一章导论
本章主要阐述了本文的选题背景、研究目的与意义;重点从理论和实践的角度就城镇体系的国内外研究动态作了较为全面、系统的评述,指出了已有研究的不足,认为随着时代的变化,城镇体系的研究方向和重点应该从静态研究转向动态研究,由区域视角转向全球视角,由结构研究转向机制研究和调控研究,并最终满足区域经济、社会、环境协调发展的要求;最后对本文的研究思路、研究方法和论文创新之处做了说明。
第二章城镇体系内涵诠释及演变规律分析
本章是全文分析和立论的基础。尽管城镇体系科学概念的提出和系统研究已有近半个世纪的历史,但在经济全球化和区域经济一体化的大背景下,世界格局正发生急剧变化,以城镇为支撑的区域随着知识和技术的创造、传播和共享方式剧烈变动,随着产业的转移和资本的流动而发生此兴彼覆现象时有发生,城镇体系研究成果往往跟不上实践发展的需要,因此,
Under the macro background of economy globalization and regional economy integration, the competitions between cities have shifted from the original mono-play in which cities compete each other to the present group competition centering core cities in which the interest of certain city is more depended on the unified regional interest, and on the mutual-influence of the spatial structure, business distribution and systematic development from other cities in the same region. Thus, it is an universally regional development model and trend to set up harmonious urban system by their conformity and recombination applying various effective approaches. Due to the present lagging development of Central Shaanxi urban system, how to accelerate the harmonious development of the economy, society and eco-resources by urban optimizing with their concentration and diffusivity according to the basic laws in global Industry structure adjustment and spatial recombination taking advantage of great opportunities of “Western Development ”and “Development of Central Shaanxi Plain”is of vital importance to Central Shaanxi where there is of advantages in space, tourism, intellectual and policy.
Based on the defining to certain terms, the investigation of domestic and overseas urban development process as well as the comparative analysis with those in Central Shaanxi, the total eight chapters of this paper studied the evolution, and characteristics of their scale, function and space guided by primary principles and theories of urban evolvement, declared the existed problems and stage, advocated the subject of harmonious development of urban system in accordance with the prospective objects and intrinsic requirements on economy, society and environment in new ages, introduced a deep study from four aspects of function and Industry orientation, spatial structure, scale adjustment, and development and management mechanism following thesis of “three structures—systematic location—harmonious coexistence”, and finally promoted the general plan improving the harmonious development of urban system in Central Shaanxi Plain.
Chapter I Introduction
This chapter mainly illustrated the background, aims and significance of the paper. it emphasized on the theoretical and practical evaluation over the researching situation in China and overseas, pointed out the disadvantages of the current research and the new researching orientation and keys to be shifted from dynamic to static, from regional to global, from structure to mechanism and adjustment so as to meet the requirements from regional economy, society and environment, and finally illustrated the innovations in researching reasoning and methods of this paper.
Chapter II Connotation Illustration and Evolvement Principle Analysis of Urban System
Starting from the illustration on the origins, development, four layers meaning of the definition
of urban system, this chapter analyzed the relationship between urban area, towns circle and regional economic development with urban system; divided a four stage system form pre-industry to early-industry (rudiment period) to Industry expanding (urban formation) to late and post-industry(stages of urban development)to urban optimizing according to the Industry evolvement; mapped out the influence from economy globalization to urban scale, function, space, researching range and government roles; brought about that the regional urban system will break the traditional development way gradually to reach the global standard, the system structure will develop from one ford toward multi-cores and system development, and the unity, structural, ordered and dynamic urban system will further push forward the adjustment of Industry distribution and unification of cities and countryside. Chapter III Evolvement and Present Stage Orientation of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain At first, this chapter reviewed the emergence, evolvement and developing stages of Central Shaanxi plain towns, then, it carried out dynamic analysis over the evolvement process and characteristics of its scale structure, functional, spatial structure; concluded the notions of “Industry to be basis”, “capital to be motivation”, and “environment bettering and rules innovation to be key factors”based on the investigation on theory and practice of cities in American West, China’s east as well as the comparison from those in Shaanxi; and uncovered the existing problems and probed its present stage and development orientation combining evolvement theory and current situations. Chapter IV Function Orientation and Industry Selection of Urban in Central Shaanxi Plain At first, the chapter put forward a theoretical module in the complement, perfect and trussing of the traditional function orientation by strengthening its own adjustability based on the analysis of the traditional theory and its disadvantage. Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation of its developing environment by SWOT proved the coexistence of opportunities and challenges in its future development, figured out the breakthrough to be environmental optimizing, mechanism innovation, priorities conformity in development method of combining “hi-tech Industry group, traditional industries equipped by hi-tech, modern service trades pillared on hi-tech”; designed the cyber spatial distribution in module of “points—axes”formed by key towns, gardens and traffic artery. In the latter part, the chapter carried out an assessment and seriating on the economic competence of the five cities, one zone and 38 counties in composition analysis with different index system, fostered the key development strategy to be “breeding counties economy, protruding the center (Xian-Xianyang urban circle), driving the both ends (Baoji Weinan)”; ascertained the function orientation and Industry development direction and cited fruits Industry in north of Weihe river as an example to progress a systematic demonstrative research on the harmonious urban development there centering fruits Industry. Chapter V Spatial Distribution Optimization of Urban in Central Shaanxi Plain After confirming relative spatial theories, this chapter applied a quantitative analysis on the
centralization and disintegration of towns in Central Shaanxi. The conclusion is that both are appearing at the same time with centralization to be the main tendency and disintegration to be the passive effects from the diffusing of core cities. Then the paper generalized the connotative mechanism of its spatial structure on the analysis of influence effects from elements like geography, history, investment, technology, industry distribution, system and institutions; introduced the reasonable location chained by economy in areas requiring suitability of space optimization with regional development to the future evolvement tendency; and promoted a general location plan of setting up development pattern with “circles and axies”concerning regional characteristics, emphasizing the construction a “Mi (double cross)”economic chain centering Xian and some key zones, applying the strategy of “spots-chains-web-cyber”, programming Industries and key projects in towns according to economy connection and resources distribution, mapping out various functional zones for industry, agriculture, ecology and tourism, accelerating the organic combination of big , medium and small cities and driving the development of counties and towns, constructing location module And operating mechanism based on industry division in the principle of “aiming at market, centering in strategy and guided by conformity”in economic zones of cities. in the end, this chapter cited Xian-Xianyang economic zone as the example to study the spatial distribution there with the former analysis results. Chapter VI Urban System Reconstruction in Central Shaanxi Plain Beginning with the development process, the common and respective features of core city urban system, statuesque system, cross-nation system, breeder system, variation system and web system, this chapter illustrated the advantages and disadvantages of core city system in Central Shaanxi concluding its unsuitability to economic and Industry structure adjustment in the open and changing environment. then concerning the present and future development tendency, economic level and geography there, it demonstrated a general strategic outline on one hand to reinforce the core cities, prop up medium and small cities and intensify important key towns which is to be carried out in regions combining spots development and group exploration centering main axes exploitation, on the other hand to set up a urban system with multi cores and webs suitable for both economy development and ecology based on the harmonious existence, proper location and profound cooperation among big, medium and small cities. In the very end, following the general outline, the paper developed reconstruction duties like spatial modules mainly of “traffic axes—grape cluster—ecological greenbelt”, “spots—axes—web”and urban scale system centering “multi cores—different levels—opening web”. Chapter VII Harmonious Development Mechanism and Management Pattern Formation of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain Firstly, three different view layers of macro, medium, and micro are adopted to study the relevant mechanism for developing urban system in Central Shaanxi; The macro layer mainly probed into the affect from government affair to urban development, reached the conclusion that whether government will rationalize and benefit the harmonious
development will be largely owed to the government affair regulation and adaptive general planning system to fix on the urban construction aims and stresses on the foundation of speeding up mechanism and principle innovation; The medium emphasized analyzing the Industry assembling mechanism for harmonious development acceleration and regional distribution and cross-regional adjustment among economic zones from the two aspects of Industry structuring and regional economic spatial location; The micro analyzed the behavioral characteristics of the micro subject and its motivation effects in the urban system development from aspects of enterprises, non-governmental organizations and the public, and set up the compatible mechanism of its active stimulus and restriction. Then, the paper focused on the comparative analysis of some of the global management and administration styles such as resultant control in north America, cities alliance in Europe and respective combination in Asia, advocated the style of “government +market, integrated + zonal”to push forward the urban harmonious development. Finally, the paper built the management and administration mood satisfying the regional benefits in central Plain, north of Weihe River, north of Qingling Mountain under the background of economic globalization. Chapter VIII The Development Countermeasure of Harmonious Development of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain Based on the analysis in the former chapters, we came to the conclusion that the traditional laws, principles and mechanism emphasized too much over core cities development whereas neglected the zonal and county economic condition development, which resulted the suffocation of material and information communication between cities and the surround countryside as well as the slow-down in urbanization and urban development. Therefore, the principle adjustment and system reform should try to take the whole regional (both cities and countryside ) development into consideration, drive the reasonable adjustment by founding principle basis and creating impartial environment so as to motivate the harmonious development of urban system. Following this general plan, the end of this chapter proposed practical measures like Industry principle systematic adjustment, the core cities radiation and ladder-like propelling strategy, institution innovation, regional urban construction, general planning and environmental soft and hardware construction.
世纪之交的中国城镇在产业结构、功能布局和空间结构等方面发生了巨大变化。在东部沿海涌现出了一批在世界城市体系中占有重要地位的核心城市和围绕核心城市而形成的大都市区或城市带,而城镇密集区的关中由于受自然环境、区域发展条件、思想观念、开放程度及经济基础等方面的影响,城镇发展水平与东部沿海相比仍处于滞后与低速发展状态,如何借助西部大开发与“一线两带”建设的良好机遇,根据全球性产业结构调整与空间重组的基本规律,运用城镇集聚与扩散功能,通过城镇体系的优化加快实现关中经济、社会与资源环境的协调发展,这对拥有区位、旅游资源、智力资源与政策优势的关中而言,显得尤为重要。
本文在对相关概念界定的基础上,以城镇体系演变的基本规律和相关理论为指导,从关中城镇体系的历史演进入手,对关中城镇规模结构、职能结构和空间结构的演变过程及其特征进行了分析,在考察国内外城镇密集区城镇体系发展实践,并与关中城镇体系发展现状进行比较分析的基础上,指出关中城镇体系发展中存在的问题及其现处阶段,进而围绕新形势下关中经济、社会和环境发展的内在要求,构建与关中发展目标相适应的协调型城镇体系这一主题,按照“三结构-网络化-协调化”的主体思路,从城镇职能定位与产业选择、城镇空间组织与构架、城镇等级结构协调、城镇体系协调发展机制与管治模式四方面展开系统深入研究,最后提出促进关中城镇体系协调发展的总体方略。全文由八章组成。
第一章导论
本章主要阐述了本文的选题背景、研究目的与意义;重点从理论和实践的角度就城镇体系的国内外研究动态作了较为全面、系统的评述,指出了已有研究的不足,认为随着时代的变化,城镇体系的研究方向和重点应该从静态研究转向动态研究,由区域视角转向全球视角,由结构研究转向机制研究和调控研究,并最终满足区域经济、社会、环境协调发展的要求;最后对本文的研究思路、研究方法和论文创新之处做了说明。
第二章城镇体系内涵诠释及演变规律分析
本章是全文分析和立论的基础。尽管城镇体系科学概念的提出和系统研究已有近半个世纪的历史,但在经济全球化和区域经济一体化的大背景下,世界格局正发生急剧变化,以城镇为支撑的区域随着知识和技术的创造、传播和共享方式剧烈变动,随着产业的转移和资本的流动而发生此兴彼覆现象时有发生,城镇体系研究成果往往跟不上实践发展的需要,因此,
Under the macro background of economy globalization and regional economy integration, the competitions between cities have shifted from the original mono-play in which cities compete each other to the present group competition centering core cities in which the interest of certain city is more depended on the unified regional interest, and on the mutual-influence of the spatial structure, business distribution and systematic development from other cities in the same region. Thus, it is an universally regional development model and trend to set up harmonious urban system by their conformity and recombination applying various effective approaches. Due to the present lagging development of Central Shaanxi urban system, how to accelerate the harmonious development of the economy, society and eco-resources by urban optimizing with their concentration and diffusivity according to the basic laws in global Industry structure adjustment and spatial recombination taking advantage of great opportunities of “Western Development ”and “Development of Central Shaanxi Plain”is of vital importance to Central Shaanxi where there is of advantages in space, tourism, intellectual and policy.
Based on the defining to certain terms, the investigation of domestic and overseas urban development process as well as the comparative analysis with those in Central Shaanxi, the total eight chapters of this paper studied the evolution, and characteristics of their scale, function and space guided by primary principles and theories of urban evolvement, declared the existed problems and stage, advocated the subject of harmonious development of urban system in accordance with the prospective objects and intrinsic requirements on economy, society and environment in new ages, introduced a deep study from four aspects of function and Industry orientation, spatial structure, scale adjustment, and development and management mechanism following thesis of “three structures—systematic location—harmonious coexistence”, and finally promoted the general plan improving the harmonious development of urban system in Central Shaanxi Plain.
Chapter I Introduction
This chapter mainly illustrated the background, aims and significance of the paper. it emphasized on the theoretical and practical evaluation over the researching situation in China and overseas, pointed out the disadvantages of the current research and the new researching orientation and keys to be shifted from dynamic to static, from regional to global, from structure to mechanism and adjustment so as to meet the requirements from regional economy, society and environment, and finally illustrated the innovations in researching reasoning and methods of this paper.
Chapter II Connotation Illustration and Evolvement Principle Analysis of Urban System
Starting from the illustration on the origins, development, four layers meaning of the definition
of urban system, this chapter analyzed the relationship between urban area, towns circle and regional economic development with urban system; divided a four stage system form pre-industry to early-industry (rudiment period) to Industry expanding (urban formation) to late and post-industry(stages of urban development)to urban optimizing according to the Industry evolvement; mapped out the influence from economy globalization to urban scale, function, space, researching range and government roles; brought about that the regional urban system will break the traditional development way gradually to reach the global standard, the system structure will develop from one ford toward multi-cores and system development, and the unity, structural, ordered and dynamic urban system will further push forward the adjustment of Industry distribution and unification of cities and countryside. Chapter III Evolvement and Present Stage Orientation of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain At first, this chapter reviewed the emergence, evolvement and developing stages of Central Shaanxi plain towns, then, it carried out dynamic analysis over the evolvement process and characteristics of its scale structure, functional, spatial structure; concluded the notions of “Industry to be basis”, “capital to be motivation”, and “environment bettering and rules innovation to be key factors”based on the investigation on theory and practice of cities in American West, China’s east as well as the comparison from those in Shaanxi; and uncovered the existing problems and probed its present stage and development orientation combining evolvement theory and current situations. Chapter IV Function Orientation and Industry Selection of Urban in Central Shaanxi Plain At first, the chapter put forward a theoretical module in the complement, perfect and trussing of the traditional function orientation by strengthening its own adjustability based on the analysis of the traditional theory and its disadvantage. Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation of its developing environment by SWOT proved the coexistence of opportunities and challenges in its future development, figured out the breakthrough to be environmental optimizing, mechanism innovation, priorities conformity in development method of combining “hi-tech Industry group, traditional industries equipped by hi-tech, modern service trades pillared on hi-tech”; designed the cyber spatial distribution in module of “points—axes”formed by key towns, gardens and traffic artery. In the latter part, the chapter carried out an assessment and seriating on the economic competence of the five cities, one zone and 38 counties in composition analysis with different index system, fostered the key development strategy to be “breeding counties economy, protruding the center (Xian-Xianyang urban circle), driving the both ends (Baoji Weinan)”; ascertained the function orientation and Industry development direction and cited fruits Industry in north of Weihe river as an example to progress a systematic demonstrative research on the harmonious urban development there centering fruits Industry. Chapter V Spatial Distribution Optimization of Urban in Central Shaanxi Plain After confirming relative spatial theories, this chapter applied a quantitative analysis on the
centralization and disintegration of towns in Central Shaanxi. The conclusion is that both are appearing at the same time with centralization to be the main tendency and disintegration to be the passive effects from the diffusing of core cities. Then the paper generalized the connotative mechanism of its spatial structure on the analysis of influence effects from elements like geography, history, investment, technology, industry distribution, system and institutions; introduced the reasonable location chained by economy in areas requiring suitability of space optimization with regional development to the future evolvement tendency; and promoted a general location plan of setting up development pattern with “circles and axies”concerning regional characteristics, emphasizing the construction a “Mi (double cross)”economic chain centering Xian and some key zones, applying the strategy of “spots-chains-web-cyber”, programming Industries and key projects in towns according to economy connection and resources distribution, mapping out various functional zones for industry, agriculture, ecology and tourism, accelerating the organic combination of big , medium and small cities and driving the development of counties and towns, constructing location module And operating mechanism based on industry division in the principle of “aiming at market, centering in strategy and guided by conformity”in economic zones of cities. in the end, this chapter cited Xian-Xianyang economic zone as the example to study the spatial distribution there with the former analysis results. Chapter VI Urban System Reconstruction in Central Shaanxi Plain Beginning with the development process, the common and respective features of core city urban system, statuesque system, cross-nation system, breeder system, variation system and web system, this chapter illustrated the advantages and disadvantages of core city system in Central Shaanxi concluding its unsuitability to economic and Industry structure adjustment in the open and changing environment. then concerning the present and future development tendency, economic level and geography there, it demonstrated a general strategic outline on one hand to reinforce the core cities, prop up medium and small cities and intensify important key towns which is to be carried out in regions combining spots development and group exploration centering main axes exploitation, on the other hand to set up a urban system with multi cores and webs suitable for both economy development and ecology based on the harmonious existence, proper location and profound cooperation among big, medium and small cities. In the very end, following the general outline, the paper developed reconstruction duties like spatial modules mainly of “traffic axes—grape cluster—ecological greenbelt”, “spots—axes—web”and urban scale system centering “multi cores—different levels—opening web”. Chapter VII Harmonious Development Mechanism and Management Pattern Formation of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain Firstly, three different view layers of macro, medium, and micro are adopted to study the relevant mechanism for developing urban system in Central Shaanxi; The macro layer mainly probed into the affect from government affair to urban development, reached the conclusion that whether government will rationalize and benefit the harmonious
development will be largely owed to the government affair regulation and adaptive general planning system to fix on the urban construction aims and stresses on the foundation of speeding up mechanism and principle innovation; The medium emphasized analyzing the Industry assembling mechanism for harmonious development acceleration and regional distribution and cross-regional adjustment among economic zones from the two aspects of Industry structuring and regional economic spatial location; The micro analyzed the behavioral characteristics of the micro subject and its motivation effects in the urban system development from aspects of enterprises, non-governmental organizations and the public, and set up the compatible mechanism of its active stimulus and restriction. Then, the paper focused on the comparative analysis of some of the global management and administration styles such as resultant control in north America, cities alliance in Europe and respective combination in Asia, advocated the style of “government +market, integrated + zonal”to push forward the urban harmonious development. Finally, the paper built the management and administration mood satisfying the regional benefits in central Plain, north of Weihe River, north of Qingling Mountain under the background of economic globalization. Chapter VIII The Development Countermeasure of Harmonious Development of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain Based on the analysis in the former chapters, we came to the conclusion that the traditional laws, principles and mechanism emphasized too much over core cities development whereas neglected the zonal and county economic condition development, which resulted the suffocation of material and information communication between cities and the surround countryside as well as the slow-down in urbanization and urban development. Therefore, the principle adjustment and system reform should try to take the whole regional (both cities and countryside ) development into consideration, drive the reasonable adjustment by founding principle basis and creating impartial environment so as to motivate the harmonious development of urban system. Following this general plan, the end of this chapter proposed practical measures like Industry principle systematic adjustment, the core cities radiation and ladder-like propelling strategy, institution innovation, regional urban construction, general planning and environmental soft and hardware construction.
引文
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