复合材料夹芯结构的力学性能
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摘要
复合材料夹芯结构以其诸多的优良性能,被广泛地应用于航空、航天等高科技领域。对复合材料夹芯结构力学性能的研究是一个十分重要的问题,直接关系到这类结构在工程中是否安全可靠。经过国内外学者们的不懈努力,对夹芯结构力学性能的研究已取得了丰富的成果,但新型复合材料夹芯结构的不断涌现对夹芯结构力学性能的研究提出了更高的要求。本文针对纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯结构和碳纤维点阵夹芯结构,从准静态压陷、低速冲击、剩余强度及高速撞击等四个方面对其进行了理论、数值及实验研究。具体研究内容:
第一章,详细介绍了复合材料夹芯结构的国内外研究进展,其中着重介绍了碳纤维点阵结构在制备和力学性能研究方面的现状和已取得的一些重要结果。最后阐述了本文的研究目的和意义。
第二章,针对纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯结构的准静态压陷性能进行了理论和实验研究。采用叠加原理,推导了复合材料泡沫夹芯梁和纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯梁的准静态压陷表达式。根据最小势能原理,预报了纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯板的准静态压陷响应,并将理论预报值和实验结果进行了对比。通过与传统泡沫夹芯结构进行对比,揭示了纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯结构在抵抗局部压陷载荷方面具有的独特优势。
第三章,从数值和实验角度对碳纤维点阵夹芯结构的低速冲击性能进行了研究。通过落锤实验研究了不同能量、不同冲击位置对复合材料点阵夹芯结构低速冲击响应的影响。采用ABAQUS有限元软件,研究了点阵夹芯结构的动态力学响应和破坏模式。最后,将数值模拟结果和实验结果进行了对比分析。
在第三章的研究基础上,第四章首先研究了碳纤维层合板冲击后的剩余拉伸强度问题。将显式有限元方法和用户子程序用于对准静态问题的计算中,提高了破坏模拟的精度与效率。通过数值计算,层合板剩余拉伸强度的退化分为三个阶段,确定了碳纤维层合板在不同冲击能量后的拉伸破坏模式。将这一思想引入到碳纤维点阵夹芯结构的剩余强度分析中,模拟了结构的拉伸破坏,确定了冲击能量阀值,并改变了复合材料夹芯结构的冲击能量阀值只能通过实验手段来确定的现状。最后研究了不同铺层角度对碳纤维点阵夹芯结构剩余强度的影响,为复合材料点阵夹芯结构的设计与使用提供了有益的指导。
第五章,对碳纤维层合板和碳纤维点阵夹芯结构的高速撞击性能进行了研究。在相同的冲击能量和冲击速度下,比较了不同厚度碳纤维层合板的撞击能量吸收率。为了客观地评价碳纤维层合板的能量吸收性质,我们对将金属单板与碳纤维层合板的撞击能量吸收率进行了对比,得到了一系列有益的结论。在金属点阵夹芯结构与碳纤维点阵夹芯结构撞击能量吸收率的比较中也存在着相同的结论。随后对碳纤维层合板和碳纤维点阵夹芯结构的高速撞击行为进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果和实验结果进行了对比。在了解了碳纤维层合板和点阵夹芯结构的能量吸收性质后,本章提出了优化防护理论,即在达到相同的防护效果的前提下,使得防护结构的整体重量尽可能降低。
Since composite sandwich structures have excellent properties, they are widely used in the fields of high technology such as aeronautics and astronautics, etc. It is very important to investigate the mechanical properties of composite sandwich structures, which decide whether composite sandwich structures can be applied in engineering fields. After years of effort, a plenty of results have been obtained by scholars. However, new difficulties have been encountered with the emergence of a lot of novel sandwich structures in resent years. The quasi-static indentation response, low-velocity impact response, residual strength after impact and hypervelocity impact response of composite sandwich structures have been investigated by theoretical, numerical and experimental methods in this dissertation.
The process of composite sandwich structures is introduced in chapter one and the advances on the mechanical properties of three-dimensional braided composites are reviewed from several aspects, including the quasi-static indentation response, low-velocity impact response, residual strength after impact and hypervelocity impact response of composite sandwich structures. In addition, the background and significance of the present project are demonstrated in this chapter.
In chapter two, the quasi-static indentation response of foam sandwich beams and plates reinforced by fiber columns have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on the superposition principle, a new model is established for predicting the indentation response of sandwich beams with and without reinforced fiber columns. The analytical predictions on indentation behaviors are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the analytical solution of indentation response of foam sandwich plate reinforced by fiber columns is derived by the principle of minimum energy and is compared well with experimental results. According to analytical and experimental results, advantages in the indentation resistance of foam sandwich structures reinforced by fiber columns are obvious compared with traditional composite foam sandwich structures.
In chapter three, the low-velocity impact response of carbon fiber composite lattice structures is investigated by experimental and numerical methods. Impact tests on composite plates are performed using an instrumented drop-weight machine (Instron 9250HV) and two kinds of new damage modes are observed. Different impact energies and impact locations are considered. A three-dimensional finite element model is built by ABAQUS/Explicit and user subroutine (VUMAT) to predict the peak loading and simulate the complicated damage problem. It can be found that numerical predictions coincide well with experimental results.
Low-velocity impact characteristics and residual tensile strengths of carbon fiber composite laminates are firstly investigated experimentally and numerically in chapter four. The quasi-static tension response of carbon fiber composite laminates are simulated by the explicit finite element method and its user subroutine (VUMAT) in order to improve precision and efficiency of damage simulation. Two different tensile damage modes after different impact energies are observed. Using this calculation method, low-velocity impact characteristics and residual tensile strengths of carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures are investigated. The critical impact energy which can only obtain from the experiment is obtained. The degradation of residual tensile strengths can be divided to three stages for different impact energies, and amplitudes of degradation are affected by stacking sequences. These results are very important to the design and service of carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures.
In chapter five, hypervelocity impact experiments of carbon fiber composite laminates and carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures are conducted. Energy absorption efficiency of metal monolithic and carbon fiber laminates is compared under the same ballistic velocity and energy. It can be seen from experimental results that the energy absorption efficiency of metal monolithic is higher than one of carbon fiber laminates; Instead, the energy absorption efficiency of metal monolithic is smaller than one of carbon fiber laminates. Analogous conclusions are gained for the energy absorption efficiency of metal and carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures. Next, the numerical method is employed to simulate hypervelocity impact behavior of carbon fiber laminates and carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures. Numerical results are compared well with experimental results. Optimized resistance concept is proposed by computing energy absorption efficiency of different thickness laminates. Total mass of resistance structures can be declined under this optimized resistance concept.
第一章,详细介绍了复合材料夹芯结构的国内外研究进展,其中着重介绍了碳纤维点阵结构在制备和力学性能研究方面的现状和已取得的一些重要结果。最后阐述了本文的研究目的和意义。
第二章,针对纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯结构的准静态压陷性能进行了理论和实验研究。采用叠加原理,推导了复合材料泡沫夹芯梁和纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯梁的准静态压陷表达式。根据最小势能原理,预报了纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯板的准静态压陷响应,并将理论预报值和实验结果进行了对比。通过与传统泡沫夹芯结构进行对比,揭示了纤维柱增强泡沫夹芯结构在抵抗局部压陷载荷方面具有的独特优势。
第三章,从数值和实验角度对碳纤维点阵夹芯结构的低速冲击性能进行了研究。通过落锤实验研究了不同能量、不同冲击位置对复合材料点阵夹芯结构低速冲击响应的影响。采用ABAQUS有限元软件,研究了点阵夹芯结构的动态力学响应和破坏模式。最后,将数值模拟结果和实验结果进行了对比分析。
在第三章的研究基础上,第四章首先研究了碳纤维层合板冲击后的剩余拉伸强度问题。将显式有限元方法和用户子程序用于对准静态问题的计算中,提高了破坏模拟的精度与效率。通过数值计算,层合板剩余拉伸强度的退化分为三个阶段,确定了碳纤维层合板在不同冲击能量后的拉伸破坏模式。将这一思想引入到碳纤维点阵夹芯结构的剩余强度分析中,模拟了结构的拉伸破坏,确定了冲击能量阀值,并改变了复合材料夹芯结构的冲击能量阀值只能通过实验手段来确定的现状。最后研究了不同铺层角度对碳纤维点阵夹芯结构剩余强度的影响,为复合材料点阵夹芯结构的设计与使用提供了有益的指导。
第五章,对碳纤维层合板和碳纤维点阵夹芯结构的高速撞击性能进行了研究。在相同的冲击能量和冲击速度下,比较了不同厚度碳纤维层合板的撞击能量吸收率。为了客观地评价碳纤维层合板的能量吸收性质,我们对将金属单板与碳纤维层合板的撞击能量吸收率进行了对比,得到了一系列有益的结论。在金属点阵夹芯结构与碳纤维点阵夹芯结构撞击能量吸收率的比较中也存在着相同的结论。随后对碳纤维层合板和碳纤维点阵夹芯结构的高速撞击行为进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果和实验结果进行了对比。在了解了碳纤维层合板和点阵夹芯结构的能量吸收性质后,本章提出了优化防护理论,即在达到相同的防护效果的前提下,使得防护结构的整体重量尽可能降低。
Since composite sandwich structures have excellent properties, they are widely used in the fields of high technology such as aeronautics and astronautics, etc. It is very important to investigate the mechanical properties of composite sandwich structures, which decide whether composite sandwich structures can be applied in engineering fields. After years of effort, a plenty of results have been obtained by scholars. However, new difficulties have been encountered with the emergence of a lot of novel sandwich structures in resent years. The quasi-static indentation response, low-velocity impact response, residual strength after impact and hypervelocity impact response of composite sandwich structures have been investigated by theoretical, numerical and experimental methods in this dissertation.
The process of composite sandwich structures is introduced in chapter one and the advances on the mechanical properties of three-dimensional braided composites are reviewed from several aspects, including the quasi-static indentation response, low-velocity impact response, residual strength after impact and hypervelocity impact response of composite sandwich structures. In addition, the background and significance of the present project are demonstrated in this chapter.
In chapter two, the quasi-static indentation response of foam sandwich beams and plates reinforced by fiber columns have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on the superposition principle, a new model is established for predicting the indentation response of sandwich beams with and without reinforced fiber columns. The analytical predictions on indentation behaviors are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the analytical solution of indentation response of foam sandwich plate reinforced by fiber columns is derived by the principle of minimum energy and is compared well with experimental results. According to analytical and experimental results, advantages in the indentation resistance of foam sandwich structures reinforced by fiber columns are obvious compared with traditional composite foam sandwich structures.
In chapter three, the low-velocity impact response of carbon fiber composite lattice structures is investigated by experimental and numerical methods. Impact tests on composite plates are performed using an instrumented drop-weight machine (Instron 9250HV) and two kinds of new damage modes are observed. Different impact energies and impact locations are considered. A three-dimensional finite element model is built by ABAQUS/Explicit and user subroutine (VUMAT) to predict the peak loading and simulate the complicated damage problem. It can be found that numerical predictions coincide well with experimental results.
Low-velocity impact characteristics and residual tensile strengths of carbon fiber composite laminates are firstly investigated experimentally and numerically in chapter four. The quasi-static tension response of carbon fiber composite laminates are simulated by the explicit finite element method and its user subroutine (VUMAT) in order to improve precision and efficiency of damage simulation. Two different tensile damage modes after different impact energies are observed. Using this calculation method, low-velocity impact characteristics and residual tensile strengths of carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures are investigated. The critical impact energy which can only obtain from the experiment is obtained. The degradation of residual tensile strengths can be divided to three stages for different impact energies, and amplitudes of degradation are affected by stacking sequences. These results are very important to the design and service of carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures.
In chapter five, hypervelocity impact experiments of carbon fiber composite laminates and carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures are conducted. Energy absorption efficiency of metal monolithic and carbon fiber laminates is compared under the same ballistic velocity and energy. It can be seen from experimental results that the energy absorption efficiency of metal monolithic is higher than one of carbon fiber laminates; Instead, the energy absorption efficiency of metal monolithic is smaller than one of carbon fiber laminates. Analogous conclusions are gained for the energy absorption efficiency of metal and carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures. Next, the numerical method is employed to simulate hypervelocity impact behavior of carbon fiber laminates and carbon fiber composite lattice core sandwich structures. Numerical results are compared well with experimental results. Optimized resistance concept is proposed by computing energy absorption efficiency of different thickness laminates. Total mass of resistance structures can be declined under this optimized resistance concept.
引文
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