基于FBG传感器对复合材料固化过程和抗冲击性能监测的研究
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摘要
纤维增强复合材料由于其高比强度和比刚度,被广泛应用于各项领域中。但复合材料在使用过程中很容易受到低能量冲击,而且对冲击载荷比较敏感。当冲击速度很高时,复合材料层合板将被穿透;而在冲击速度降低时,会使材料产生不同的破坏形式,例如基体开裂、纤维断裂和分层。大部分复合材料的损伤不是单次冲击造成的,往往是经过多次低能量冲击之后材料失效。复合材料在受到低能冲击时,大部分情况并没有明显的目视可见损伤,但导致在层合板表面会产生不可视的浅表面分层,从而形成潜在的危险,内部损伤的存在可造成复合材料在强度和刚度上的很大损失。因此要高度重视复合材料层合板的低速冲击损伤问题。
本课题对纤维增强复合材料层合板进行了抗冲击性能研究。详细阐述了复合材料的冲击机理、受冲击后的损伤外貌、断裂损伤特性及断裂过程中的能量吸收。首先采用VARI(Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion,真空辅助树脂注塑)成型工艺制备纤维增强复合材料层合板,并在制备过程中埋入FBG传感器,对成型过程进行固化监测,分析了固化过程中的温度和应力应变的变化,为成型工艺的改进提供了很好的依据。然后对埋有FBG传感器的复合材料层合板进行冲击性能测试和分析,通过FBG传感器检测到的波长信号变化,对层合板的冲击损伤状况进行判断及作出评估,为复合材料的智能化控制提供更加准确的依据,具有重大的意义。论文对FBG传感器在飞机复合材料健康监测上的应用进行了介绍,飞机复合材料抗冲击性能的好坏将直接关系到飞行人员的安全,因此设计出更加安全的复合材料和对复合材料实时状况的监测显得尤为重要。
Fiber reinforced composites is widely used in various fields because of their high specific strength and specific stiffness. However, the process of composite materials in use are easy to suffer low-energy impact, and also more sensitive to the impact load. When the impact velocity is high, the composite laminate will be broken down; with impact velocity decreases, the damage will generate different forms of material, such as matrix cracking, fiber breakage and delamination. Most of the damage of composite materials is not a single impact, often after repeated low energy impacts before the material failure. The majority of composite materials have no obvious visual damage when suffered low-energy impact, but the laminated surface will generate superficial delaminate. It may create potential dangerous. The presence of internal damage can cause huge losses in strength and stiffness of composite material. So we should attach great importance to low-speed impact damage problems of composite laminates.
In this paper, the impact resistance of fiber reinforced composite laminates was studied. the impact mechanism of composites, the damage appearance after impact, the breakage damage characteristics and energy absorption during breakage process were expounded in detail. First, by using VARI (Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion) molding technology, composite laminates were produced. In the process of preparation, FBG sensors were embedded in the composite laminates to curing the temperature and strain changes in the molding process, this provides a good basis for improvement. Then buried FBG sensors laminated composite plates for impact performance testing and analysis, through the wavelength signal changes of the FBG sensor, we can judge and assess the laminate impact damage condition, this provides more accurate basis for composite materials intelligent control, It is of great significance. The paper introduces application of the FBG sensors on aircraft composite health monitoring, impact resistance of aircraft composite materials will directly related to the flight crew's safety, so the safer design of composite materials and real-time monitoring of the situation seems Particularly important.
本课题对纤维增强复合材料层合板进行了抗冲击性能研究。详细阐述了复合材料的冲击机理、受冲击后的损伤外貌、断裂损伤特性及断裂过程中的能量吸收。首先采用VARI(Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion,真空辅助树脂注塑)成型工艺制备纤维增强复合材料层合板,并在制备过程中埋入FBG传感器,对成型过程进行固化监测,分析了固化过程中的温度和应力应变的变化,为成型工艺的改进提供了很好的依据。然后对埋有FBG传感器的复合材料层合板进行冲击性能测试和分析,通过FBG传感器检测到的波长信号变化,对层合板的冲击损伤状况进行判断及作出评估,为复合材料的智能化控制提供更加准确的依据,具有重大的意义。论文对FBG传感器在飞机复合材料健康监测上的应用进行了介绍,飞机复合材料抗冲击性能的好坏将直接关系到飞行人员的安全,因此设计出更加安全的复合材料和对复合材料实时状况的监测显得尤为重要。
Fiber reinforced composites is widely used in various fields because of their high specific strength and specific stiffness. However, the process of composite materials in use are easy to suffer low-energy impact, and also more sensitive to the impact load. When the impact velocity is high, the composite laminate will be broken down; with impact velocity decreases, the damage will generate different forms of material, such as matrix cracking, fiber breakage and delamination. Most of the damage of composite materials is not a single impact, often after repeated low energy impacts before the material failure. The majority of composite materials have no obvious visual damage when suffered low-energy impact, but the laminated surface will generate superficial delaminate. It may create potential dangerous. The presence of internal damage can cause huge losses in strength and stiffness of composite material. So we should attach great importance to low-speed impact damage problems of composite laminates.
In this paper, the impact resistance of fiber reinforced composite laminates was studied. the impact mechanism of composites, the damage appearance after impact, the breakage damage characteristics and energy absorption during breakage process were expounded in detail. First, by using VARI (Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion) molding technology, composite laminates were produced. In the process of preparation, FBG sensors were embedded in the composite laminates to curing the temperature and strain changes in the molding process, this provides a good basis for improvement. Then buried FBG sensors laminated composite plates for impact performance testing and analysis, through the wavelength signal changes of the FBG sensor, we can judge and assess the laminate impact damage condition, this provides more accurate basis for composite materials intelligent control, It is of great significance. The paper introduces application of the FBG sensors on aircraft composite health monitoring, impact resistance of aircraft composite materials will directly related to the flight crew's safety, so the safer design of composite materials and real-time monitoring of the situation seems Particularly important.
引文
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[2]沈真,杨胜春.飞机结构用复合材料的力学性能要求[J].材料工程,2007年.增刊1：248-252.
[3]张铱,穆建春.复合材料层合结构冲击损伤研究进展(Ⅰ)[J].太原理工大学学报,1999,30(6)：563-566.
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[5]Caprino G. Residual Strength Prediction of Impacted CFRP Laminates[J]. J Compos Mater.1984.18:508-518.
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[7]Reed P E, Turner S. Flexed plate impact, Part 7. Low energy and excess energy impacts on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites [J]. Composites, 1988;19:193-203.
[8]Cantwell W J, Morton J. Geometrical effects in the low velocity impact response of CFRP[J].Composite Structure,1989;12:39-59.
[9]Scarponi C. Impact testing on composites laminates and sandwich panels[J]. J ComposMater,1996;30:1873-1911.
[10]万里冰,武湛君,张博明等.光纤布拉格光栅监测复合材料固化[J].复合材料学报,2004,3(6)：1-5.
[11]陈宏伟,李炜.Bragg光栅传感器在复合材料加工与检测中的应用[J].纤维复合材料,2009,26(3)：26-28.
[12]于秀娟,余有龙,张敏,廖延彪.光纤光栅传感器在航空航天复合材料/结构健康监测中的应用[J]..激光杂志,2006,27(1)：1-3.
[13]姜德生,何伟.光纤光栅传感器的应用概况[J].光电子,激光2002,13(4)：420-430.
[14]UDD E, CLARK T E, ANA S, et al. Fiber optic grating sensor systems for sensing environmental effects [P]. USP5380995,1995-01-10.
[15]Tzou H S, Lee H J, Amold S M. Smart materials, precision sensors/actuators, smart structures, and structronic systems[J]..Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures,2004,11(4-5):367-393.
[16]Hyun K K, Dong H K, Chang S H, et al. Monitoring offabrication strain and temperature during composite cure using fiber optic sensor [C].// Newport Beach ed, SPIE 6th annual international symposium on NDE for health moni-toring and diagnostics,2001, California, USA:Proc. SPIE 4336, 2001:304-312.
[17]Guo Zhansheng. Strain and temperature monitoring of symmetric composite laminate using FBG hybrid sensors [J]. Structural Health Monitoring, 2007(6):191-197. DOI:10.1177/14759217070060030201.
[18]赵海涛,张博明等.光纤光栅智能复合材料基础问题研究.2007,26(12)：27-30.
[19]闻新,周露,王丹力MATLAB神经网络应用设计[M].北京：科学出版社,2000.
[20]曾文华.基于双隐层动态递归神经网络的航煤比重软测量[J].仪器仪表学报,2002,23(3)：261-26.
[21]Ramazan G, Tung L. Nonlinear modelling and prediction with feedforward and recurrent networks[J].PHYSIC AD,108(1997):119-134.
[22]赵山泉.光纤光栅传感技术在大结构监测中的应用进展[J].传感器技术.2004,23(6)：5-7.
[23]Kalaycioglu S, Sliva D. Minimization of vibration of spacecraft appendages during shape Control using smart structures [J]. Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics,2000.23(3):558-561.
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