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电视谈话节目会话结构分析
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摘要
会话研究是“话语分析”的一部分,而话语分析又属于德.索绪尔“言语的语言学”的范围,即研究人们说出的话。关于会话,前人提出了许多理论,就具体的会话类型也做了大量研究,如:日常会话、电视会话、课堂会话。随着电视在大众传媒中主导地位的确立,电视谈话节目日益普遍,成为一种十分特殊的会话类型,且目前为止没有学者研究过。本文总结了前人会话研究的理论,并在此基础上,以极具代表性的中央电视台大型谈话节目《对话》为语料,分析了电视谈话节目中会话结构的特点和规律,发现其整体上有明显的开端、本体和结尾部分,且开端部分功能突出,为整个会话提供了大的语用场和语用框架,本体部分话题发生有限转移,结尾部分在形式上、言语运用上极具艺术性。此外,本文主要分析了电视谈话节目会话的局部结构,发现会话的参与者以及参与者在话轮替换、话题的控制、特殊语境中选择的话语形式等方面都体现出自身特点。
     本文所作的分析、研究只是电视会话分析中很小的一部分,其中还有许多内容值得发掘、探讨。
The study of dialogue is the part of "Discourse Analysis", which
    falls into category of "the parole linguistics"--the study of speech, by
    F. D. Saussure. Plenty of theories have been advanced on the study of dialogue and lots of research has been conducted on the dialogue types, such as everyday dialogue, dialogue on television and class dialogue, etc. With the establishment of television as the dominate means of mass media, the talk shows on TV have increasingly popularized and grown into a special dialogue type. No scholars hitherto have made any research on it.
    This dissertation, on the one hand, summarizes the existent theories, on the other hand, analysizes the structure of the dialogue in television talk show thereby with CCTV's program "Dialogue " as the materials to
    explore its features and laws --an obvious start which provides the
    pragmatic fields and frames for the whole dialogue; body where the topic can slightly derivate; closing which is of great art both in from and in the usuge of parole. Furthermore, this dissertation mainly analyses the partial structure of the talk shows with the conclusion that the participants embody their own characteristics in the control of topics, turn of speech and the discourse from under the special context and in the other aspects.
    This dissertation only dabbles into a minor part of the television dialogue analysis, and there is still much to be delved in.
引文
1.黄国文,1998,《语篇分析概要》,湖南教育出版社
    2.索振羽,2000,《语用学教程》,北京大学出版社
    3.何兆熊,2000,《新编语用学概要》,上海外语教育出版社
    4.徐思益,1994,《语言学论文选》,新疆大学出版社
    5.徐思益,1997,略说懂话,语文建设,第10期
    6.徐思益,2000,诗词的语言艺术——试说语用场,新疆教育学院学报,第16卷第3期
    7.吴为章,1997,《广播电视话语研究选集》 北京广播学院出版社
    8.于根元,1999,《语言应用论集》 北京广播学院出版社
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    11.陈平,1987,话语分析说略,语言教学与研究,第3期
    12.陈平、顾曰国编 林书武评介,1999,Text“汉语话语分析”专号评介,当代语言学,第1期
    13.何安平,1998,英语会话中的简短反馈语,现代外语,第1期
    14.张陵馨,1996,会话附加语的语用分析,外语教学与研究,第1期
    15.刘虹,1992,话轮和半话轮的区分,外语教学和研究,第3期,
    16.曹合建,1997,副语言和话语意义,外国语,第5期
    17.郭婷婷 游舒,2003,言语和言语学国际学术研讨会综述,语言文字应用,第1期

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