低能强夯与真空降水联合法机理探讨及在深圳的应用研究
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摘要
低能强夯与真空降水联合加固技术综合了强夯与真空降水两种施工技术的特点,是一种新的联合加固技术。目前,对该联合技术的研究和应用还处在探索阶段,缺乏系统和全面的研究,导致其加固机理和固结理论方法尚不成熟。在实际工程应用中,针对饱和软粘土,设计和施工还处于边试验边应用阶段,对低能强夯联合真空降水法进行理论探索,并将其应用于深圳滨海软土地基处理工程中具有重要的理论意义和实用推广价值。
本文在前人工作的基础上,通过理论研究、数值模拟和现场试验,对低能强夯联合真空降水加固技术及其机理进行了较为深入的探讨和研究。
(1)以深圳滨海地区软基处理工程(主要是港口码头等大面积软基处理工程)为背景,对深圳滨海地区的软土特性进行总结归纳,并对土的各项物理性能指标之间的关系进行了统计分析,为软土地基处理相关设计、施工提供重要的参考依据。
(2)基于太沙基三维固结理论、动力固结原理、振动波压密等理论分别对真空降水、低能强夯、低能强夯联合真空降水加固机理进行了阐述与讨论,并分析探讨了非饱和土和饱和土的强夯加固机理。
(3)详细介绍和推导Biot动力固结平衡方程和连续性方程。并结合低能强夯法的加固特点,将三维动态八结点形函数概念引入到平面八结点动态等参元中,建立了三维动态八结点单元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,为低能强夯有限元数值模拟分析构建了理论模型。
(4)以Biot动力固结方程为理论基础,利用FLAC-3D建立了低能强夯动态模拟数值模型,并对边界条件、初始条件以及瞬态荷载模型进行了设定。结合深圳滨海地区软土的特性,选取了低能强夯的八种工况进行了数值模拟分析,给出了位移场、夯击影响范围、夯沉量、夯击引起的地面竖向位移的计算结果,分析了落距、夯锤质量和夯击能对夯击沉降量的影响。
(5)选用深圳市前海湾某地块软基处理工程为例,进行了低能强夯联合真空降水施工现场试验,详细介绍了低能强夯与真空降水联合加固法的参数设计、施工工序、施工要求以及监测情况。试验结果表明,在综合考虑软土特性的基础上,采用低能强夯联合真空降水法处理深圳滨海大面积软土地基,技术上可行,经济上合理,施工方便,可节省工期和成本,效果良好,具有一定的推广应用价值。
The combined consolidation technology including low-energy dynamic consolidation and vacuum dewatering has integrated two construction technical characteristics', the dynamic consolidation and the dewatering.It is a new combined consolidation technique, but its research and application is in the stage of juvenility. It lacks systematic and widely research. So it results in the mechanism and theory immature.In some applying project, the design and construction of this method still locate on the test stage when used to deal with saturation soft clay. Research the mechanism of this combined consolidation technology, applying the method to treat the soft clay on ShenZhen bank area, have very important theory meaning and practical worth.
Based on the formers' studies and the engineering background, the mechanism of combined consolidation technology have been researched and discussed systematically by theory research, numerical simulation, in-situ test in this paper. The following studies are presented:
Firstly, by combining several engineering data of region of ShenZhen, the physics mechanics characteristic of soft clay in alongside the sea region, and correlations between each physics mechanics index with the statistical charts have been analyzed and discussed. The result can be used in design and construction.
Secondly, based on the Terzaghi three-dimension consolidation theory, dynamic mechanism, vibration wave press theory, the consolidation mechanism of vacuum dewatering, low-energy dynamic consolidation, low-energy dynamic consolidation combine vacuum dewatering have been expatiated and discussed. The dynamic consolidation mechanism of unsaturated soil and saturated soil also have been researched.
Thirdly, the Biot dynamic consolidation equation and continuity equation have been introduced and deduced particularly. According to the consolidation characteristic of low-energy dynamic consolidation, the three-dimension dynamic eight crunode form function has been imported inplane eight crunode dynamic grade unit. The rigid matrix and quality matrix of the three-dimension dynamic eight crunode have been set up, which can be use to make up the theory model of finite element numerical analysis of dynamic consolidation.
Fourthly, based on the Biot dynamic consolidation equation, the low-energy dynamic consolidation numerical model has been set up by FLAC-3D method. The boundary condition, begin condition and instantaneous loading model have been enacted. Combining the characteristic of soft clay on ShenZhen area, eight works of low-energy dynamic consolidation have been analyzed numerically by the FLAC-3D model. The result of displacement field, dynamic incidence, settlement, ground vertical displacement have been calculated. The infection on settlement of fall distance, hammer quality and tamper energy have been analyzed.
Finally,the combined consolidation technology including low-energy dynamic consolidation and vacuum dewatering had been applied in the treatment project of ninth pool on ShenZhen former gulf. The parameter design, construction request and survey of this method had been introduced. The in-situ test indicated this method can be applied to treat with the large soft ground on ShenZhen. The combined consolidation technology including low-energy dynamic consolidation and vacuum dewatering is a cheap, useful, convenience method, which has good effect. This kind of method can be expanded on ShenZhen.
本文在前人工作的基础上,通过理论研究、数值模拟和现场试验,对低能强夯联合真空降水加固技术及其机理进行了较为深入的探讨和研究。
(1)以深圳滨海地区软基处理工程(主要是港口码头等大面积软基处理工程)为背景,对深圳滨海地区的软土特性进行总结归纳,并对土的各项物理性能指标之间的关系进行了统计分析,为软土地基处理相关设计、施工提供重要的参考依据。
(2)基于太沙基三维固结理论、动力固结原理、振动波压密等理论分别对真空降水、低能强夯、低能强夯联合真空降水加固机理进行了阐述与讨论,并分析探讨了非饱和土和饱和土的强夯加固机理。
(3)详细介绍和推导Biot动力固结平衡方程和连续性方程。并结合低能强夯法的加固特点,将三维动态八结点形函数概念引入到平面八结点动态等参元中,建立了三维动态八结点单元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,为低能强夯有限元数值模拟分析构建了理论模型。
(4)以Biot动力固结方程为理论基础,利用FLAC-3D建立了低能强夯动态模拟数值模型,并对边界条件、初始条件以及瞬态荷载模型进行了设定。结合深圳滨海地区软土的特性,选取了低能强夯的八种工况进行了数值模拟分析,给出了位移场、夯击影响范围、夯沉量、夯击引起的地面竖向位移的计算结果,分析了落距、夯锤质量和夯击能对夯击沉降量的影响。
(5)选用深圳市前海湾某地块软基处理工程为例,进行了低能强夯联合真空降水施工现场试验,详细介绍了低能强夯与真空降水联合加固法的参数设计、施工工序、施工要求以及监测情况。试验结果表明,在综合考虑软土特性的基础上,采用低能强夯联合真空降水法处理深圳滨海大面积软土地基,技术上可行,经济上合理,施工方便,可节省工期和成本,效果良好,具有一定的推广应用价值。
The combined consolidation technology including low-energy dynamic consolidation and vacuum dewatering has integrated two construction technical characteristics', the dynamic consolidation and the dewatering.It is a new combined consolidation technique, but its research and application is in the stage of juvenility. It lacks systematic and widely research. So it results in the mechanism and theory immature.In some applying project, the design and construction of this method still locate on the test stage when used to deal with saturation soft clay. Research the mechanism of this combined consolidation technology, applying the method to treat the soft clay on ShenZhen bank area, have very important theory meaning and practical worth.
Based on the formers' studies and the engineering background, the mechanism of combined consolidation technology have been researched and discussed systematically by theory research, numerical simulation, in-situ test in this paper. The following studies are presented:
Firstly, by combining several engineering data of region of ShenZhen, the physics mechanics characteristic of soft clay in alongside the sea region, and correlations between each physics mechanics index with the statistical charts have been analyzed and discussed. The result can be used in design and construction.
Secondly, based on the Terzaghi three-dimension consolidation theory, dynamic mechanism, vibration wave press theory, the consolidation mechanism of vacuum dewatering, low-energy dynamic consolidation, low-energy dynamic consolidation combine vacuum dewatering have been expatiated and discussed. The dynamic consolidation mechanism of unsaturated soil and saturated soil also have been researched.
Thirdly, the Biot dynamic consolidation equation and continuity equation have been introduced and deduced particularly. According to the consolidation characteristic of low-energy dynamic consolidation, the three-dimension dynamic eight crunode form function has been imported inplane eight crunode dynamic grade unit. The rigid matrix and quality matrix of the three-dimension dynamic eight crunode have been set up, which can be use to make up the theory model of finite element numerical analysis of dynamic consolidation.
Fourthly, based on the Biot dynamic consolidation equation, the low-energy dynamic consolidation numerical model has been set up by FLAC-3D method. The boundary condition, begin condition and instantaneous loading model have been enacted. Combining the characteristic of soft clay on ShenZhen area, eight works of low-energy dynamic consolidation have been analyzed numerically by the FLAC-3D model. The result of displacement field, dynamic incidence, settlement, ground vertical displacement have been calculated. The infection on settlement of fall distance, hammer quality and tamper energy have been analyzed.
Finally,the combined consolidation technology including low-energy dynamic consolidation and vacuum dewatering had been applied in the treatment project of ninth pool on ShenZhen former gulf. The parameter design, construction request and survey of this method had been introduced. The in-situ test indicated this method can be applied to treat with the large soft ground on ShenZhen. The combined consolidation technology including low-energy dynamic consolidation and vacuum dewatering is a cheap, useful, convenience method, which has good effect. This kind of method can be expanded on ShenZhen.
引文
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