微电网运行特性及其控制研究
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摘要
随着能源与环境问题的日益突出,超高压、远距离、集中式的大电网供电模式存在诸多问题,促进了分布式发电技术不断发展。但是,很多分布式电源并联到点了系统中,出现了很多问题,制约了其发展。为了解决这些问题,微电网这个概念提了出来。
微电网成为世界各国目前研究的热点问题,是电力行业前沿的研究领域。建立微电网实验系统是一个复杂的工程,而且具有一定的局限性,为了更好的研究分布式电源并网运行、微电网运行控制以及智能电网等问题,目前常采用电力系统仿真软件来建立微电网的动态仿真模型。因此,建立微电网运行控制仿真模型具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本文在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境中,根据PQ、V/f、Droop三种典型微电源控制方法的基本原理,对其做了实验仿真。首先论述了控制的原理,之后详细说明了原来的实现办法,以及参数设计,建模过程,做后通过小系统仿真,证明了建模是正确的,控制方法是有效的。仿真结果表明,PQ控制模型实现了有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,V/f模型能够在孤岛运行中跟踪负荷波动,Droop控制模型能够实现功率共享并保证频率和电压的稳定。所以,本文所完成的仿真工作为微电网的诸多控制方面提供了参考,具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。
在验证控制模型有效性和正确性之后,设计了两个微电网运行控制仿真系统。分析了主从、对等控制两种控制策略的原理,给出了控制结构,建立了仿真模型,并给出了相应模型参数的设置,得到微电网并网特点,孤岛运行特点,以及这两种状态的有效切换。通过仿真分析,所以所使用控制策略有效的保证了微电网系统的安全稳定运行。
最后,基于建立的主从控制策略微电网系统,研究了负荷变化对微电网运行特性的影响。并仿真研究了微电网并网运行时,不同故障点故障对微电网暂态稳定性影响,以及微电网内部故障对主网的影响,为提高微电网的安全性和稳定性提供了依据。
As the energy and environmental problems become inereasingly prominent,the traditional centralized bulk transmission network that is of high Vohage and long distance has lots of potential problems,which promotes the development of the distributed power generation. The conditions of over-voltage and effect of limiting short-circuit current in FCL have been simulated and analyzed. Later, the waveforms of simulation compare with the waveforms of artificial short-circuit tests and the final results are perfect.
However,a large number of accessing to the tradition power grid by DG brought energy and current signals which can be all detected and used to trigger thyristor valves. Simulation control interface includes implementation of a variety of simulation strategies.DG and control strategies of Microgrid operation has important practical signifieance.
In this thesis,three typieal Microgrid control strategies the level of over-voltage and short-circuit current. The results shows that if the thyristor valves can be triggered before 4ms when short-circuit occurs.DG access to Microgrid operation control.The models have great universal and expansibility.
Three Microgird operation examples were given after the effectiveness and correctness . Current signals which can be all detected and used to trigger thyristor valves. Simulation control interface includes implementation of a variety of simulation strategies of Microgrid operation control.
Based on the Master-Slave control model,the impact of different types of faults three phase short circuit which occur at every 30°interval have been simulated respectively for relation time when thyristor valves can be triggered between the level of over-voltage and short-circuit current of the Microgrid.
微电网成为世界各国目前研究的热点问题,是电力行业前沿的研究领域。建立微电网实验系统是一个复杂的工程,而且具有一定的局限性,为了更好的研究分布式电源并网运行、微电网运行控制以及智能电网等问题,目前常采用电力系统仿真软件来建立微电网的动态仿真模型。因此,建立微电网运行控制仿真模型具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本文在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境中,根据PQ、V/f、Droop三种典型微电源控制方法的基本原理,对其做了实验仿真。首先论述了控制的原理,之后详细说明了原来的实现办法,以及参数设计,建模过程,做后通过小系统仿真,证明了建模是正确的,控制方法是有效的。仿真结果表明,PQ控制模型实现了有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,V/f模型能够在孤岛运行中跟踪负荷波动,Droop控制模型能够实现功率共享并保证频率和电压的稳定。所以,本文所完成的仿真工作为微电网的诸多控制方面提供了参考,具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。
在验证控制模型有效性和正确性之后,设计了两个微电网运行控制仿真系统。分析了主从、对等控制两种控制策略的原理,给出了控制结构,建立了仿真模型,并给出了相应模型参数的设置,得到微电网并网特点,孤岛运行特点,以及这两种状态的有效切换。通过仿真分析,所以所使用控制策略有效的保证了微电网系统的安全稳定运行。
最后,基于建立的主从控制策略微电网系统,研究了负荷变化对微电网运行特性的影响。并仿真研究了微电网并网运行时,不同故障点故障对微电网暂态稳定性影响,以及微电网内部故障对主网的影响,为提高微电网的安全性和稳定性提供了依据。
As the energy and environmental problems become inereasingly prominent,the traditional centralized bulk transmission network that is of high Vohage and long distance has lots of potential problems,which promotes the development of the distributed power generation. The conditions of over-voltage and effect of limiting short-circuit current in FCL have been simulated and analyzed. Later, the waveforms of simulation compare with the waveforms of artificial short-circuit tests and the final results are perfect.
However,a large number of accessing to the tradition power grid by DG brought energy and current signals which can be all detected and used to trigger thyristor valves. Simulation control interface includes implementation of a variety of simulation strategies.DG and control strategies of Microgrid operation has important practical signifieance.
In this thesis,three typieal Microgrid control strategies the level of over-voltage and short-circuit current. The results shows that if the thyristor valves can be triggered before 4ms when short-circuit occurs.DG access to Microgrid operation control.The models have great universal and expansibility.
Three Microgird operation examples were given after the effectiveness and correctness . Current signals which can be all detected and used to trigger thyristor valves. Simulation control interface includes implementation of a variety of simulation strategies of Microgrid operation control.
Based on the Master-Slave control model,the impact of different types of faults three phase short circuit which occur at every 30°interval have been simulated respectively for relation time when thyristor valves can be triggered between the level of over-voltage and short-circuit current of the Microgrid.
引文
[1]李旭光,微电网的建模、仿真及运行特性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2009
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[8]庄侃沁,陶荣明,尹凡,等.采用串联电抗器限制500kV短路电流在华东电网的应用[J].华东电力,2009,37(3):0440-0443
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[10]杨国庆,祝瑞金,余颖辉,等.华东电网500kV故障电流限制器应用研究[J].华东电力,2008,36(11):1342-1345
[11]庄侃沁,张旭航,杨增辉,郭强,王永生.超高压故障电流限制器在RTDS上的仿真试验研究[J],华东电力, 2011, 39(1):56-60
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[20] RTDS Technologies Inc. Real time digital simulation for the power system users manual, 2006
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[22]董海艳,贾清泉.基于DDRTS的电能质量实时仿真平台[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2009,37(24):142-145
[23]冯宇,王淑芳,张慧媛.电力系统数字仿真软件ARENE[J].电力建设, 2004,25(1):41-42,62
[24]叶廷路,王晓蔚,高骏,等.电力系统全数字仿真装置在河北电网的应用调试[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2009,37(13):104-108
[25] Ankush Saran, Sunil K. Palla, Anurag K. Srivastava, et al. Real Time Power System Simulation using RTDS and NI PXI [C]. NAPS '08: Calgary AB, IEEE, 2008: 1-6
[26] A-Rong Kim, G yeong-Hun Kim, K wang-Min Kim, et al. Design and Manufacturing of a SMES Model Coil for Real Time Digital Simulator Based Power Quality Enhancement Simulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20(3): 1339-1343
[27]胡宏,周坚.瓶窑500kV母线短路电流限制措施的研究[J].华东电力,2005,33(5):15-18
[28]中国电力科学研究院.华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器基本设计与保护控制研究[M]. 2007年9月
[29]淡淑恒,王季梅,闫静,等.采用电流变化率判断短路电流的新型限流熔断器[J],低压电器, 1998, (2): 9-14
[30] Qingmin Li, Hongshun Liu, Jie Lou, et al. Impact Research of Inductive FCL on the Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltage With Circuit Breakers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 23(4): 1978-1985
[31] Zhang Xiaoqing, Ming Li. Using the Fault Current Limiter With Spark Gap to Reduce Short-Circuit Currents [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 23(1): 506-507
[32] Kazuaki Arai,Hideki Tanaka, Masaya Inaba, et al. Test of Resonance-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2006, 16(2): 650-653
[33] H. Arai, M. Inaba, T. Ishigohka, et al. Fundamental Characteristics of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Using LC Resonance Circuit [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2006, 16(2): 642-645
[34] Jae-Ho Kim, Minwon Park, Mohd. Hasan Ali, et al. RTDS Analysis of the Fault Currents Characteristics of HTS Power Cable in Utility Power Network [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2008, 18(2): 684-688
[35] LI Ling, SHU Nai-qiu, PEI Chun-ming, et al. Real-time Simulation of the Harmonic Influence on Electric Metering Using RTDS [C]. 2006 International Conference on Power System Technology: Chongqing, IEEE, 2007: 1-4
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[50]杨文杰.光伏发电并网与微电网运行控制仿真[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010
[51]董鹏.微电网的控制与保护策略研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2009
[52]肖朝霞.微电网控制及运行特性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2008
[2]鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇等,微电网研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2007.7,31(19):100-105
[3]李鹏,张玲,盛银波,新能源及可再生能源并网发电规模化应用的有效途径-微电网技术[J].华北电力大学学报,2009.01,36(01):10-14
[4]张建,黄伟等,微电网运行控制与保护技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社2010.7,110-116
[5]摆世彬,微型电网控制技术的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008
[6]华东电力调度中心.华东电网2009年度短路容量表[M].2009年5月
[7]杨雄平,李力,李扬絮,等.限制广东500kV电网短路电流运行方案[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(7):104-107
[8]庄侃沁,陶荣明,尹凡,等.采用串联电抗器限制500kV短路电流在华东电网的应用[J].华东电力,2009,37(3):0440-0443
[9]周挺,张铭.华东电网500kV短路电流限制器示范工程选点方案[J].华东电力,2008,36(10):1200-1203
[10]杨国庆,祝瑞金,余颖辉,等.华东电网500kV故障电流限制器应用研究[J].华东电力,2008,36(11):1342-1345
[11]庄侃沁,张旭航,杨增辉,郭强,王永生.超高压故障电流限制器在RTDS上的仿真试验研究[J],华东电力, 2011, 39(1):56-60
[12] C.A. Falcone, J.E. Beehler, W.E. Mekolites, et al. Current limiting device——a utility's need[C]. IEEE PES Summer Meeting & EHV // UHV Conference, Vancouver, BC. Canada, July 15-20, 1973: 1768-1775
[13]国家电网公司建设运行部,中国电力科学研究院组编.灵活交流输电技术在国家骨干电网中的工程应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2008
[14] S.B. Abbott,D.A.Robinson, S. Perera, etal. Simulation of HTS Saturable Core-Type FCLs for MV Distribution Systems [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006, 21(2): 1013-1018
[15] Y.Cai, S. Okuda, T. Odake, et al. Study on Three-Phase Superconducting Fault Current Limiter [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20(3): 1127-1130
[16]江道灼,敖志香,卢旭日,等.短路限流技术的研究与发展[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2007,19(3):8-19
[17]张铭.短路电流限制器技术综述[J].华东电力,2008,36(9):1065-1067
[18]叶林,杨仁刚,杨明皓,等.电力系统实时数字仿真器RTDS[J].电工技术杂志,2004,(7):49-52
[19]张旭航,祝瑞金,周孔均,等.移动融冰装置在RTDS上的仿真试验研究[J].华东电力,2008,36(10):1204-1207
[20] RTDS Technologies Inc. Real time digital simulation for the power system users manual, 2006
[21]周保荣,房大中, Laurence A. Snider,等.全数字实时仿真器——HYPERSIM[J].电力系统自动化, 2008,27(19):79-82
[22]董海艳,贾清泉.基于DDRTS的电能质量实时仿真平台[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2009,37(24):142-145
[23]冯宇,王淑芳,张慧媛.电力系统数字仿真软件ARENE[J].电力建设, 2004,25(1):41-42,62
[24]叶廷路,王晓蔚,高骏,等.电力系统全数字仿真装置在河北电网的应用调试[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2009,37(13):104-108
[25] Ankush Saran, Sunil K. Palla, Anurag K. Srivastava, et al. Real Time Power System Simulation using RTDS and NI PXI [C]. NAPS '08: Calgary AB, IEEE, 2008: 1-6
[26] A-Rong Kim, G yeong-Hun Kim, K wang-Min Kim, et al. Design and Manufacturing of a SMES Model Coil for Real Time Digital Simulator Based Power Quality Enhancement Simulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20(3): 1339-1343
[27]胡宏,周坚.瓶窑500kV母线短路电流限制措施的研究[J].华东电力,2005,33(5):15-18
[28]中国电力科学研究院.华东500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器基本设计与保护控制研究[M]. 2007年9月
[29]淡淑恒,王季梅,闫静,等.采用电流变化率判断短路电流的新型限流熔断器[J],低压电器, 1998, (2): 9-14
[30] Qingmin Li, Hongshun Liu, Jie Lou, et al. Impact Research of Inductive FCL on the Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltage With Circuit Breakers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 23(4): 1978-1985
[31] Zhang Xiaoqing, Ming Li. Using the Fault Current Limiter With Spark Gap to Reduce Short-Circuit Currents [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 23(1): 506-507
[32] Kazuaki Arai,Hideki Tanaka, Masaya Inaba, et al. Test of Resonance-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2006, 16(2): 650-653
[33] H. Arai, M. Inaba, T. Ishigohka, et al. Fundamental Characteristics of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Using LC Resonance Circuit [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2006, 16(2): 642-645
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