基于Agent的微电网控制研究
摘要
近年来,由于传统能源的日益枯竭和生态环境的破坏,分布式发电技术得到迅速发展,由小容量分布式电源构成的微电网成为研究的热点。大量分布式电源接入电网,给电网规划、控制、保护等带来一系列问题。因此,对分布式电源、微电网的控制技术研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本文在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上,阐述了微电网的基本概念,深入分析了微电网的运行控制问题,包括微电网的运行模式及相关因素、微电网并网运行模式与孤岛运行模式转换的相关技术问题。论述了微电网控制技术的发展与研究现状,对微电网的电力电子技术控制、功率管理系统控制和多代理技术控制进行分析研究。
采用混合发电方式的微电网中,对分布式电源的控制是微电网的关键技术之一,不同种类的分布式电源性能特点、控制技术各不相同。本文综合分析了风力发电、燃料电池、光伏发电三类分布式电源的原理、数学模型、控制方法、并网逆变的结构和特点。研究三种分布式电源不同的并网控制问题所需的解决方案。
论述了微电网中DG的控制方式、分层和完全分布式的控制策略。分析了微电网运行控制的具体问题。在对Agent原理及MAS理论研究的基础上,提出了一种基于Agent及MAS微电网的分层分布式控制系统方案来实现微网运行控制,给出了控制系统结构和各部分的功能,借助Agent技术和通信系统,实现微电网的分层解列、减载、再同步与重合闸等功能。
In recent years, with energy resources reduction and People's environme- ntal concerns, distributed power producing system obtain more and more attent- ion and applications. Micro-grid, By the formation of small capacity distributed power become a research hotspot. The joint operation of DG with power grid brings tremendous variation in control and operation for modern power system, it is important and significant both in theory and practice to study DG and micr- ogrid.
Based on referring to lots of literatures, this paper summarizes the conce- ption of microgrid and the current research situation; depth analysis the proble- ms of microgrid operation and the situation from gridconnected to isolated steady operation; discusses the micro-grid control technology development. the micro-electronic technology to control, power management system control and multi-agent technology to control of microgrid were analyzed.
Distributed power control is one of the key technologies on micro-grid. distributed power with types performance different characteristics, have diff- erent control techniques In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the wind power, fuel cells, photovoltaic power generation principle of the three types of distributed power is present, including mathematical model, control technology, and characteristics of the inverter. Different control problem of grid-connected need different strategies in three distributed power.
It is obvious that this distributed power producing system needs a distribut- ed and autonomous control system. This paper presents the capabilities offered by Multi-Agent System technology in the operation of a Microgrid, which can be connected to the main power network or be operated autonomously, similar to power systems of physical islands. The features of agent technology are first discussed. An agent-based control framework for microgrids is then presented. It Realize the following functions: Network splitting, layered Cell microgrid oper- ation ; Isolated steady operation when the microgrid come into being; Connected to the main power network.
本文在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上,阐述了微电网的基本概念,深入分析了微电网的运行控制问题,包括微电网的运行模式及相关因素、微电网并网运行模式与孤岛运行模式转换的相关技术问题。论述了微电网控制技术的发展与研究现状,对微电网的电力电子技术控制、功率管理系统控制和多代理技术控制进行分析研究。
采用混合发电方式的微电网中,对分布式电源的控制是微电网的关键技术之一,不同种类的分布式电源性能特点、控制技术各不相同。本文综合分析了风力发电、燃料电池、光伏发电三类分布式电源的原理、数学模型、控制方法、并网逆变的结构和特点。研究三种分布式电源不同的并网控制问题所需的解决方案。
论述了微电网中DG的控制方式、分层和完全分布式的控制策略。分析了微电网运行控制的具体问题。在对Agent原理及MAS理论研究的基础上,提出了一种基于Agent及MAS微电网的分层分布式控制系统方案来实现微网运行控制,给出了控制系统结构和各部分的功能,借助Agent技术和通信系统,实现微电网的分层解列、减载、再同步与重合闸等功能。
In recent years, with energy resources reduction and People's environme- ntal concerns, distributed power producing system obtain more and more attent- ion and applications. Micro-grid, By the formation of small capacity distributed power become a research hotspot. The joint operation of DG with power grid brings tremendous variation in control and operation for modern power system, it is important and significant both in theory and practice to study DG and micr- ogrid.
Based on referring to lots of literatures, this paper summarizes the conce- ption of microgrid and the current research situation; depth analysis the proble- ms of microgrid operation and the situation from gridconnected to isolated steady operation; discusses the micro-grid control technology development. the micro-electronic technology to control, power management system control and multi-agent technology to control of microgrid were analyzed.
Distributed power control is one of the key technologies on micro-grid. distributed power with types performance different characteristics, have diff- erent control techniques In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the wind power, fuel cells, photovoltaic power generation principle of the three types of distributed power is present, including mathematical model, control technology, and characteristics of the inverter. Different control problem of grid-connected need different strategies in three distributed power.
It is obvious that this distributed power producing system needs a distribut- ed and autonomous control system. This paper presents the capabilities offered by Multi-Agent System technology in the operation of a Microgrid, which can be connected to the main power network or be operated autonomously, similar to power systems of physical islands. The features of agent technology are first discussed. An agent-based control framework for microgrids is then presented. It Realize the following functions: Network splitting, layered Cell microgrid oper- ation ; Isolated steady operation when the microgrid come into being; Connected to the main power network.
引文
1 Lasseter R, Akhil A, Marmay C, et al. Integration of distributed energy resour- ces: the CERTS microgrid concept. http://certs.lbl.gov/pdf/50829.pdf, 2007
2 Nikkhajoei H, Lasseter R H. Microgrid Fault protection based on Symmetrical and differential current components. http://www.pserc.org/cgipserc/getbig/publi-catio n/ 2007public/microgridprotecttion-1.pdf, 2006
3 Marnay C, Rubio F J, Siddiqui A S. Shape of the microgrid. http://certs.lbl.gov /press/ distributedency/de-0503-certs.html, 2007
4 Lasseter B. Microgrids//Proceedings of 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Wi- nter Meeting: Vol1, jan 28-Feb 1, 2001, Columbus, OH, USA: IEEE, 2001:146-149
5 Lasseter B. Microgrids//Proceedings of 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Wi- nter Meeting: Vol 1, jan 27-31, 2002, New York, NY, USA. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2002:305-308
6鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇,等.微电网研究综述.电力系统自动化, 2007,31 (19):100-104
7 F. D. Kanellos, A. I. Tsouchnikas, N. D. Hatziargyriou. Microgrid Simulation during Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes of Operation. International Conference on Power Systems Transients, Montreal, Canada, 2005, IPST:105-113
8 Piagi P, Lasseter R H. Autonomous control of microgrids//Proceedings of 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Jun 18-22, 2006, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2006:8-15
9 Katiraei F, Iaravani M R. Power management strategies for a microgrid with mult- iple distributed generation units. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 2006,21(4):1821-1831
10 European Commission. European smartgrids technology platform. http://www.smart- grids.eu/documents/sra/sra_finalversion.pdf, 2007
11 J. Oyarzabal, J. Jimeno, J. Ruela.A, et al. Agent based Micro-Grid Management Syst- em//Proceedings of 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006(4):18-22
12 Dimeas A L, Hatziargyriou N D. A MAS architecture for microgrids control //Proceedings of the 13th International conference on Intelligent Systems, Application to Power systems, Nov 6-10, 2005, Washington, DC, USA. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2005:402-406.
13 Sanchez M. Overview of microgrid research and development activities in the EU. http://www.energy.ca.gov/pier/conferences+seminars/2006-06-23_microgrids_montreal/presentations/Presentation_11_Manuel-Sanchez.pdf, 2006
14 Kpoposki B. Microgrids-hardware testing and standards development. http://de- r.lbl.gov/new_site/2007microgrid_files/US-Kroposki.pdf, 2007
15李东东,陈陈.风力发电系统动态仿真模型研究.中国电机工程学报, 2005,25 (3):115-119
16耿华,杨耕,马小亮.并网型风力发电机组的控制技术综述.电力电子技术, 2006,40(6):33-36
17李友红,黄守道.风力发电系统中PWM并网逆变器的研究.电气应用, 2006,25 (10):63-66
18张颖颖,曹广益,朱新坚.燃料电池-有前途的分布式发电技术.电网技术, 2005,29(2):57-61
19费万民,吕征宇.基于互补策略的新型单周控制有源滤波器.电力系统自动化, 2005,27(3):50-53
20史忠植.智能主体及其应用.北京:科技出版社, 2002:1-4,22-25
21 M Wooldridge. Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice. Knowledge Engineering Revi- ew, 1995,10(2):115-152
22何炎强,陈苹明. Agent和多Agent系统的设计与应用.武汉大学出版社, 2001: 13-25
23刘伟达,孟建良,庞春江,等. Agent在电力系统中的应用.电力系统自动化, 2004(8):72-74
24 Brazier F M T, Dunin, Kepliez B M, et al. DESIRE: modeling mu1ti- agent systems in a compositional formal framework. Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 19976(l):67-94
25石纯一,张伟,徐晋晖,等.多Agent系统引论.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003:65-73
26 MARNAY C. Microgrids and heterogeneous security, quality, reliability, and availabili- ty. http://der.lbl.gov/new/_site/pubs/LBNL_60494.pdf, 2007
27 Wong S K, Kalam A. An agent approach to designing protection systems. Sixth Intera- tional Conference on Developments in Power System Protection, 1997:373-376
28束洪春,唐岚,董俊.多Agent技术在电力系统中的应用展望.电网技术, 2005, 29(6):27-31
29张明军,曹立霞,厉吉文,等.考虑多分区无功电压优化的多Agent系统.电力系统自动化, 2004,28(17):70-74
30 GigrisA, Brhamas. Effect of distributed generation on protective device coordination in distribution system. Lgare Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering, Nova Scotia, 2001:115-119
31陈璟华,杨宜民,张伯泉.基于多Agent的风力/太阳能互补发电场能量管理系统.电力自动化设备, 2007,27(8):23-29
32沈沉,吴佳耘,乔颖,等.电力系统主动解列控制方法的研究.中国电机工程学报, 2006,26(13):l-6
33 Illindalam S, Piagi P, Zhang H. Hardware development of a laboratory-scale microgrid phase: PartⅡoperation and control of a two-inverter microgrid. IEEE Pow- er Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007,16(5):215-230
34 Yang B, Vittal V, Heydt G T, et al. A novel Slow Coherency Based Graph Theoretic Islanding Strategy. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007,18 (3):105 -118
35 Ming J, Sidhu T S, Kai S.A new system splitting scheme based on the identification of controlling group. International Conference on Future Power Systems, 2005,13(2):130- 143
36 Jin M, SidhuTS, Sun K. A new System Splitting Scheme Based on the Unified Stability Control Framework.. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2007,22(l):433-441
37杨冠城.电力系统自动装置原理,北京:中国电力出版社, 2000:85-103
38 Haibo Y, Vittal V, Zhong Y. Self-healing in Power systems: an approach using islanding and rate of frequency decline-based load shedding. IEEE Transactions on Power Syste- ms, 2003,18(l):174-181
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2 Nikkhajoei H, Lasseter R H. Microgrid Fault protection based on Symmetrical and differential current components. http://www.pserc.org/cgipserc/getbig/publi-catio n/ 2007public/microgridprotecttion-1.pdf, 2006
3 Marnay C, Rubio F J, Siddiqui A S. Shape of the microgrid. http://certs.lbl.gov /press/ distributedency/de-0503-certs.html, 2007
4 Lasseter B. Microgrids//Proceedings of 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Wi- nter Meeting: Vol1, jan 28-Feb 1, 2001, Columbus, OH, USA: IEEE, 2001:146-149
5 Lasseter B. Microgrids//Proceedings of 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Wi- nter Meeting: Vol 1, jan 27-31, 2002, New York, NY, USA. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2002:305-308
6鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇,等.微电网研究综述.电力系统自动化, 2007,31 (19):100-104
7 F. D. Kanellos, A. I. Tsouchnikas, N. D. Hatziargyriou. Microgrid Simulation during Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes of Operation. International Conference on Power Systems Transients, Montreal, Canada, 2005, IPST:105-113
8 Piagi P, Lasseter R H. Autonomous control of microgrids//Proceedings of 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Jun 18-22, 2006, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2006:8-15
9 Katiraei F, Iaravani M R. Power management strategies for a microgrid with mult- iple distributed generation units. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 2006,21(4):1821-1831
10 European Commission. European smartgrids technology platform. http://www.smart- grids.eu/documents/sra/sra_finalversion.pdf, 2007
11 J. Oyarzabal, J. Jimeno, J. Ruela.A, et al. Agent based Micro-Grid Management Syst- em//Proceedings of 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006(4):18-22
12 Dimeas A L, Hatziargyriou N D. A MAS architecture for microgrids control //Proceedings of the 13th International conference on Intelligent Systems, Application to Power systems, Nov 6-10, 2005, Washington, DC, USA. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2005:402-406.
13 Sanchez M. Overview of microgrid research and development activities in the EU. http://www.energy.ca.gov/pier/conferences+seminars/2006-06-23_microgrids_montreal/presentations/Presentation_11_Manuel-Sanchez.pdf, 2006
14 Kpoposki B. Microgrids-hardware testing and standards development. http://de- r.lbl.gov/new_site/2007microgrid_files/US-Kroposki.pdf, 2007
15李东东,陈陈.风力发电系统动态仿真模型研究.中国电机工程学报, 2005,25 (3):115-119
16耿华,杨耕,马小亮.并网型风力发电机组的控制技术综述.电力电子技术, 2006,40(6):33-36
17李友红,黄守道.风力发电系统中PWM并网逆变器的研究.电气应用, 2006,25 (10):63-66
18张颖颖,曹广益,朱新坚.燃料电池-有前途的分布式发电技术.电网技术, 2005,29(2):57-61
19费万民,吕征宇.基于互补策略的新型单周控制有源滤波器.电力系统自动化, 2005,27(3):50-53
20史忠植.智能主体及其应用.北京:科技出版社, 2002:1-4,22-25
21 M Wooldridge. Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice. Knowledge Engineering Revi- ew, 1995,10(2):115-152
22何炎强,陈苹明. Agent和多Agent系统的设计与应用.武汉大学出版社, 2001: 13-25
23刘伟达,孟建良,庞春江,等. Agent在电力系统中的应用.电力系统自动化, 2004(8):72-74
24 Brazier F M T, Dunin, Kepliez B M, et al. DESIRE: modeling mu1ti- agent systems in a compositional formal framework. Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 19976(l):67-94
25石纯一,张伟,徐晋晖,等.多Agent系统引论.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003:65-73
26 MARNAY C. Microgrids and heterogeneous security, quality, reliability, and availabili- ty. http://der.lbl.gov/new/_site/pubs/LBNL_60494.pdf, 2007
27 Wong S K, Kalam A. An agent approach to designing protection systems. Sixth Intera- tional Conference on Developments in Power System Protection, 1997:373-376
28束洪春,唐岚,董俊.多Agent技术在电力系统中的应用展望.电网技术, 2005, 29(6):27-31
29张明军,曹立霞,厉吉文,等.考虑多分区无功电压优化的多Agent系统.电力系统自动化, 2004,28(17):70-74
30 GigrisA, Brhamas. Effect of distributed generation on protective device coordination in distribution system. Lgare Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering, Nova Scotia, 2001:115-119
31陈璟华,杨宜民,张伯泉.基于多Agent的风力/太阳能互补发电场能量管理系统.电力自动化设备, 2007,27(8):23-29
32沈沉,吴佳耘,乔颖,等.电力系统主动解列控制方法的研究.中国电机工程学报, 2006,26(13):l-6
33 Illindalam S, Piagi P, Zhang H. Hardware development of a laboratory-scale microgrid phase: PartⅡoperation and control of a two-inverter microgrid. IEEE Pow- er Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007,16(5):215-230
34 Yang B, Vittal V, Heydt G T, et al. A novel Slow Coherency Based Graph Theoretic Islanding Strategy. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007,18 (3):105 -118
35 Ming J, Sidhu T S, Kai S.A new system splitting scheme based on the identification of controlling group. International Conference on Future Power Systems, 2005,13(2):130- 143
36 Jin M, SidhuTS, Sun K. A new System Splitting Scheme Based on the Unified Stability Control Framework.. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2007,22(l):433-441
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