基于预知维修的设备管理信息与决策支持系统的研究
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摘要
设备维修管理体制的变迁已经历了“事后维修”、“定期维修"两个阶段，目前正在向“预知维修”方向转变。设备预知维修是故障诊断的高级阶段。状态维修是对机器设备进行状态监测，并在对监测结果进行分析处理的基础上决定设备是否需要维修的一种方式。状态维修是预知维修的初级阶段。所谓“预知维修”是指将“状态维修”的“技术实现”与企业整体性设备管理工作紧密联系在一起，从而实现“在管理指导下的状态维修”和“在故障监测诊断技术支持下的设备管理”。因此，建立基于预知维修的设备管理信息与决策支持系统是必要的。
本文首先分析了三种维修方式的优缺点，从而得出预知维修是设备管理的发展必然；接着又阐述了设备预知维修的体制支撑、技术支撑等问题：然后又介绍了基于预知维修的设备管理信息与决策支持系统的发展现状；接着又探讨了模型的建立原则、方法、分类及内容：根据问题的实际情况提出采用模糊综合评判法进行建模；并阐述了模糊综合评判法的具体算法。最后将设备监测与故障诊断技术应用到设备管理中，并且根据设备的状态及其他的生产实际情况采用模糊综合评判法决策出维修方式(大修、小修、项修、零修)，然后制定出维修计划及备件计划，设计出一种实现静态管理、动态管理相结合的基于预知维修的设备管理信息与决策支持系统并且将其实现。
The managing system of equipment maintenance has gone through two phases: Breakdown Maintenance (BM) and Time-Based Maintenance (TBM). And now the managing system of equipment maintenance is entering into the phases of Predictive Maintenance (PM). The PM of equipment maintenance is the advanced phase. Condition based maintenance is a kind of mode which inspects the equipment and analyzing the results and then decide whether the equipment are needed maintain. Condition based maintenance is the primary phase. The PM combines the skill realizing of condition-based maintenance with the equipment managing of the whole enterprise. Accordingly the PM can achieve the condition-based maintenance under the managing guidance and the equipment management under the support of the skills of faults diagnosis. So it is necessary to establish the managing information and decision-making supporting system of the equipment based PM.
Firstly, in this paper the advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of maintenance modes are analyzed and the PM is necessary during the development of the equipment management. And then the supports of the system and technology about the PM are set forth. Secondly, the developmental actuality of the managing information and decision-making support system based on the PM is introduced. And the foundation principles, methods, sorts and contents of the model are discussed. The fuzzy synthesis judgment arithmetic is adopted to build the model according to the actual instances and is introduced in detail. At last, applying the technology of fault diagnosis to the equipment managing and adopting fuzzy synthesis judgment arithmetic to decide the maintenance mode(heavy repair, light repair, item repair, daily repair) according to the equipment state and the other true producing state and then establishing the maintenance plan and the spare part plan, the managing information system and the decision-making support system of equipments based on the PM is designed and carried out which units the static management and dynamic management in this paper.
本文首先分析了三种维修方式的优缺点，从而得出预知维修是设备管理的发展必然；接着又阐述了设备预知维修的体制支撑、技术支撑等问题：然后又介绍了基于预知维修的设备管理信息与决策支持系统的发展现状；接着又探讨了模型的建立原则、方法、分类及内容：根据问题的实际情况提出采用模糊综合评判法进行建模；并阐述了模糊综合评判法的具体算法。最后将设备监测与故障诊断技术应用到设备管理中，并且根据设备的状态及其他的生产实际情况采用模糊综合评判法决策出维修方式(大修、小修、项修、零修)，然后制定出维修计划及备件计划，设计出一种实现静态管理、动态管理相结合的基于预知维修的设备管理信息与决策支持系统并且将其实现。
The managing system of equipment maintenance has gone through two phases: Breakdown Maintenance (BM) and Time-Based Maintenance (TBM). And now the managing system of equipment maintenance is entering into the phases of Predictive Maintenance (PM). The PM of equipment maintenance is the advanced phase. Condition based maintenance is a kind of mode which inspects the equipment and analyzing the results and then decide whether the equipment are needed maintain. Condition based maintenance is the primary phase. The PM combines the skill realizing of condition-based maintenance with the equipment managing of the whole enterprise. Accordingly the PM can achieve the condition-based maintenance under the managing guidance and the equipment management under the support of the skills of faults diagnosis. So it is necessary to establish the managing information and decision-making supporting system of the equipment based PM.
Firstly, in this paper the advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of maintenance modes are analyzed and the PM is necessary during the development of the equipment management. And then the supports of the system and technology about the PM are set forth. Secondly, the developmental actuality of the managing information and decision-making support system based on the PM is introduced. And the foundation principles, methods, sorts and contents of the model are discussed. The fuzzy synthesis judgment arithmetic is adopted to build the model according to the actual instances and is introduced in detail. At last, applying the technology of fault diagnosis to the equipment managing and adopting fuzzy synthesis judgment arithmetic to decide the maintenance mode(heavy repair, light repair, item repair, daily repair) according to the equipment state and the other true producing state and then establishing the maintenance plan and the spare part plan, the managing information system and the decision-making support system of equipments based on the PM is designed and carried out which units the static management and dynamic management in this paper.
引文
[1] 徐敏，黄邵毅．设备故障诊断手册——机械设备状态监测和故障诊断．西安交通大学出版社，1998
[2] 沈水福，高大勇．设备故障诊断技术．科学出版社，1990
[3] 丁玉兰，石来德．机械设备故障诊断技术．上海科学技术文献出版社，1994
[4] 李国华，张永忠．机械故障诊断．化学工业出版社，1997
[5] 大连理工大学振动工程研究所．设备预知维修与故障诊断技术培训教材(一)(二)
[6] 徐扬光．设备工程与管理．上海：华东理工大学出版社，1993
[7] 李葆文等．设备管理新思维新模式．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[8] 盛兆顺、尹琦岭，设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用．北京：化学工业出版社，2003．5
[9] 陈景艳．管理信息系统．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001
[10] 陈文伟．决策支持系统及其开发．北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[11] 陈晓红．决策支持系统理论和应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[12] 陈文伟等．决策支持系统及其开发．北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[13] 孟波．计算机决策支持系统．武汉：武汉大学出版社，2001
[14] 穆迪(Moody，P．E．)．管理决策方法．北京：中国统计出版社，1989
[15] 刘晶珠．决策支持系统导论．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1990
[16] 呙福德．决策支持系统的数学基础．西安：1992．6
[17] 贺仲雄．模糊数学及其应用．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1983．1
[18] 贺仲雄．模糊数学及其派生决策方法．北京：中国铁道出版社，1992．9
[19] Wang Shan, Lou Wenwuand Feng Yu. PSCARG: A Fast Parallel Clustering Algorithm on Large Datasets, in Proc. of PAKDD'99, Spinger-Verlag, Beijing, April 1999
[20] Yeh R T et al. Software and Data Base Engineering: Towards a Common Design Methodology. Issues in Data Base Management, 1979
[21] 张玲燕．大山选矿厂预知维修工作实践．矿山机械．2002．07
[22] Teorey T. The Logical Record Access Approach to Data Base Design. ACM computing Surveys, Vol. 12, No. 12, 1980
[23] Gan e Chris, Sarson Trish. Structured Systems Analysis, 1979
[24] Hairnut J L. Theoretical and Practical Tools for Data Base Design. In Proceeding of VLDB, 1981
[25] 王珍，马孝江，李作洲．港口流动机械预知维修系统，起重运输机械，2002
[26] 陈波，马孝江，蔡悦．故障诊断与预知维修系统中的数据库设计．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2001．12
[27] 张涛．宋章明．设备状态监测故障诊断与预知维修技术的应用．电力环境保护，2002．1
[28] Wiederhold G. Database Design(Second Edition). McGraw-Hill, 1983
[29] 涂长庚．水力发电设备预知维修．华中电力，2000．3
[30] 蒋涛，崔福新．推行预知维修提高设备管理水平．企业改革与企业管理，2001．1
[31] 徐伟．决策支持系统在决策中的作用．统计与决策，2003．1
[32] Navathe S, Kerschberg L. Role of Data Dictionaries in Database Design. Information and Management, 10: 1, January 1986
[33] 傅国强．基于数据仓库的校园管理与决策支持系统的设计．微机发展，2003．2
[34] 刘敏，陈根才．决策支持系统中的数据采掘技术研究．计算机应用研究，1999．4
[35] Hermann Kaind. Object-oriented approach in software engineering and artificial intelligence[J] . JOOP, 1994.3: 56～62
[36] 郑晓阻．上海市防汛决策支持系统的设计．水利水电科技进展，2003．4
[37] 陈波．分布式远程故障诊断专家系统的框架及若干关键技术的研究．大连理工大学博士学位论文，2002．6
[38] 林丽，马孝江．基于预知维修的设备管理决策支持系统的设计．机械，2004．04：13-15
[39] Bannett J etal. DART: An expert system for computer fault diaanosis. Proc. 7th UCA1. 1981: 843～845
[40] Majstorovic'VD. Expert system for diagnosis and maintenance: The state-of-art. Computer in industry, 1997, 15(1-2): 41-68
[41] 张长富，李匀．Power Builder 8参考手册北京：北京希望电子出版社，2002
[42] 丁铖．Power Builder 6.5／7.0与多媒体程序设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[43] 三味工作室．SQL Server 7.0管理指南．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1999
[44] 明德祥，李宗福，陈跃新，张智永．PowerBuilder 8.0入门与提高．长沙：国防科技大学出版社，2002
[45] 刘军．故障诊断方法研究及软件开发[D]．大连理工大学硕士学位论文，2000
[46] 王志鹏．基于信息融合技术的故障诊断的研究及应用——暨“汽车变速箱性能检测系统”的研制．大连理工大学博士学位论文，2001
[47] 李宏坤．基于信息融合技术船舶柴油机故障诊断方法的研究与应用[D]．大连理工大学博士学位论文，2003．9
[48] 何泳．DSP在现代机械故障诊断技术中的研究与应用．大连理工大学硕士学位论文，2004
[2] 沈水福，高大勇．设备故障诊断技术．科学出版社，1990
[3] 丁玉兰，石来德．机械设备故障诊断技术．上海科学技术文献出版社，1994
[4] 李国华，张永忠．机械故障诊断．化学工业出版社，1997
[5] 大连理工大学振动工程研究所．设备预知维修与故障诊断技术培训教材(一)(二)
[6] 徐扬光．设备工程与管理．上海：华东理工大学出版社，1993
[7] 李葆文等．设备管理新思维新模式．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[8] 盛兆顺、尹琦岭，设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及应用．北京：化学工业出版社，2003．5
[9] 陈景艳．管理信息系统．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001
[10] 陈文伟．决策支持系统及其开发．北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[11] 陈晓红．决策支持系统理论和应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[12] 陈文伟等．决策支持系统及其开发．北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[13] 孟波．计算机决策支持系统．武汉：武汉大学出版社，2001
[14] 穆迪(Moody，P．E．)．管理决策方法．北京：中国统计出版社，1989
[15] 刘晶珠．决策支持系统导论．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1990
[16] 呙福德．决策支持系统的数学基础．西安：1992．6
[17] 贺仲雄．模糊数学及其应用．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1983．1
[18] 贺仲雄．模糊数学及其派生决策方法．北京：中国铁道出版社，1992．9
[19] Wang Shan, Lou Wenwuand Feng Yu. PSCARG: A Fast Parallel Clustering Algorithm on Large Datasets, in Proc. of PAKDD'99, Spinger-Verlag, Beijing, April 1999
[20] Yeh R T et al. Software and Data Base Engineering: Towards a Common Design Methodology. Issues in Data Base Management, 1979
[21] 张玲燕．大山选矿厂预知维修工作实践．矿山机械．2002．07
[22] Teorey T. The Logical Record Access Approach to Data Base Design. ACM computing Surveys, Vol. 12, No. 12, 1980
[23] Gan e Chris, Sarson Trish. Structured Systems Analysis, 1979
[24] Hairnut J L. Theoretical and Practical Tools for Data Base Design. In Proceeding of VLDB, 1981
[25] 王珍，马孝江，李作洲．港口流动机械预知维修系统，起重运输机械，2002
[26] 陈波，马孝江，蔡悦．故障诊断与预知维修系统中的数据库设计．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2001．12
[27] 张涛．宋章明．设备状态监测故障诊断与预知维修技术的应用．电力环境保护，2002．1
[28] Wiederhold G. Database Design(Second Edition). McGraw-Hill, 1983
[29] 涂长庚．水力发电设备预知维修．华中电力，2000．3
[30] 蒋涛，崔福新．推行预知维修提高设备管理水平．企业改革与企业管理，2001．1
[31] 徐伟．决策支持系统在决策中的作用．统计与决策，2003．1
[32] Navathe S, Kerschberg L. Role of Data Dictionaries in Database Design. Information and Management, 10: 1, January 1986
[33] 傅国强．基于数据仓库的校园管理与决策支持系统的设计．微机发展，2003．2
[34] 刘敏，陈根才．决策支持系统中的数据采掘技术研究．计算机应用研究，1999．4
[35] Hermann Kaind. Object-oriented approach in software engineering and artificial intelligence[J] . JOOP, 1994.3: 56～62
[36] 郑晓阻．上海市防汛决策支持系统的设计．水利水电科技进展，2003．4
[37] 陈波．分布式远程故障诊断专家系统的框架及若干关键技术的研究．大连理工大学博士学位论文，2002．6
[38] 林丽，马孝江．基于预知维修的设备管理决策支持系统的设计．机械，2004．04：13-15
[39] Bannett J etal. DART: An expert system for computer fault diaanosis. Proc. 7th UCA1. 1981: 843～845
[40] Majstorovic'VD. Expert system for diagnosis and maintenance: The state-of-art. Computer in industry, 1997, 15(1-2): 41-68
[41] 张长富，李匀．Power Builder 8参考手册北京：北京希望电子出版社，2002
[42] 丁铖．Power Builder 6.5／7.0与多媒体程序设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[43] 三味工作室．SQL Server 7.0管理指南．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1999
[44] 明德祥，李宗福，陈跃新，张智永．PowerBuilder 8.0入门与提高．长沙：国防科技大学出版社，2002
[45] 刘军．故障诊断方法研究及软件开发[D]．大连理工大学硕士学位论文，2000
[46] 王志鹏．基于信息融合技术的故障诊断的研究及应用——暨“汽车变速箱性能检测系统”的研制．大连理工大学博士学位论文，2001
[47] 李宏坤．基于信息融合技术船舶柴油机故障诊断方法的研究与应用[D]．大连理工大学博士学位论文，2003．9
[48] 何泳．DSP在现代机械故障诊断技术中的研究与应用．大连理工大学硕士学位论文，2004