基于仿生学的产品概念设计方法学探索
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摘要
在综合分析了计算机辅助概念设计研究的历史和现状后，针对当前计算机辅助概念设计研究存在的一些主要问题，借助仿生学，为建立基于遗传和重组的技术产品计算机辅助概念设计的新理论和方法，做了具有探索性的基础工作，主要进展体现在下列四个方面：
一、基于产品基因的物料转换产品的原理方案设计。基于产品和生物之间的相似性，从生物遗传学得到启发，提出了物料转换产品原理方案设计中的产品基因概念。探讨了物料转换产品原理方案设计的中心法则，包括复制、转录、翻译和逆转录。在对基因工程和概念设计进行系统对比的基础上提出了基于基因工程的计算机辅助原理方案设计的方法。一种硬币分离装置的原理方案设计实例表明：基于产品基因的原理方案设计方法能帮助设计师在更广阔的解域内找到更多可行的原理解，从而提高了计算机辅助概念设计系统的求解能力。
二、基于产品基因的能量转换产品的原理方案设计。从物料转换产品原理方案设计中的产品基因模型得到启发，提出了能量转换产品基因模型，借助基因中的求解特征和以函数形式表示的作用特征使CAD系统能在有限的原理解空间中实现高效的搜索求解。进而提出了基于产品基因的启发式搜索求解模型、基于最短路径知识的启发式搜索求解模型和基于产品基因的盲目搜索求解模型，以适用于多种类能量转换产品原理求解的需要和对求解质量与求解效率的不同需求。海浪发电及照明装置的创新概念设计的实例证明了这些方法的可行性。
三、基于共生进化的辅助功能结构设计。从生物进化原理得到启发，探讨了基于共生进化原理的共生功能之间的关系，包括“提供作用条件”、“消除不利手段行为”、“消除有害副作用”和“消除环境有害影响”四类关系，为系统地解决创新设计中基于可行原理解的功能结构设计问题奠定了基础。提出了集成原理方案设计和功能结构设计的计算机辅助概念设计的进程模型。该进程模型能根据实际创新设计环境以及候选原理解的作用条件、手段行为、副作用和环境影响，在求解过程中动态地生成待求产品的可行功能结构，符合人类设计思维习惯，有助
浙江大学博士学位论文
摘要
于提高设计成功率。一种木棒上料装置的概念设计表明了这一模型的可行性。
四、基于仿生学的计算机辅助概念设计原型系统的研制。以上述思想为基础，
首次研制了一个基于产品基因遗传和重组的计算机辅助概念设计的原型系统，它
包含了三个子系统:基于产品基因的物料转换产品的原理方案设计子系统，基于
产品基因的能量转换产品的原理方案设计子系统和基于共生进化的辅助功能结构
设计子系统。该系统首次将辅助功能结构设计和原理方案设计集成在一起，提供
了支持产品概念设计的平台。
关键词:概念设计原理方案设计
识基因工程共生进化
功能设计功能结构设计智能CAD产品基因最短路径知
进化设计
After a systematic analysis of the background and state-of-the-art of research in computer aided conceptual design (CACD), a bionics-based methodology is originally proposed for CACD of technical artifacts, aiming at solving some crucial issues in this research area. The primary contributions are as follows.First, a product gene based approach is proposed for principle conceptual design of material transforming products. Enlightened by organism genetics, the concept of product gene is proposed for principle conceptual design of products of such kind after the similarities between products and organisms is systematically analyzed. The central dogma of principle conceptual design is proposed, composed of the processes of copy, transcription, translation and reverse transcription of product genes. After a systematic comparison of genetic engineering with principle conceptual design, a novel approach based on genetic engineering is proposed for computer aided principle conceptual design. The principle conceptual design of a coins-assorting device demonstrates that the product gene based approach to principle conceptual design can assist designers in retrieving more feasible principle solutions in a wider solution space, which can therefore improve the problem-solving ability of CACD systems.Secondly, a product gene based approach is proposed for principle conceptual design of energy transforming products. With the product gene model for principle conceptual design of material transforming products as a blueprint, the product gene model for principle conceptual design of energy transforming products is proposed. The solving features and the function-based behavioral features of this kind of product genes make it possible for CACD systems to efficiently propose principle solutions to complex functions in a finite solution space. Thereafter, three solving approaches, i.e. a heuristic approach based on product gene, a heuristic approach based on the shortest route knowledge and an exhaustive approach based product gene, are proposed to meet the need of principle conceptual design dealing with the transformation of multiple different energy flows and different requirements on solving quality and efficiency. The
creative conceptual design of a device for generating electrical power and light with sea wave is undertaken with the proposed approaches to demonstrate their feasibility.Thirdly, a symbiosis-based approach is proposed for evolutionary design of functional structure. Referring to the evolutionary method of organisms based on the symbiotic theory, the symbiotic relations between functions in conceptual design are summarized, i.e. the relations of supplying action conditions, removing adverse means behaviors, smoothing away harmful side effects and eliminating or prohibiting environmental influences. Such functional relations are the basis for generating auxiliary functional structures and their carriers for feasible principle solutions. Then a process model integrating principle conceptual design with functional structure design is proposed for CACD, which can dynamically generate the auxiliary functional structure of a feasible principle solution with respect to the differences between its action conditions, mean behaviors, side effects and environmental influences and existing design constraints and resources. The conceptual design of a wood stick supplying device demonstrates that the above process model is consistent with the cognitive model of design and prone to successful product development.Finally, a CACD platform based on bionics is developed. Based on the above researches, a CACD prototype system is developed based on the inheritance and reorganization of product genes, which is composed of three sub-systems, i.e. the product gene based prototype system for principle conceptual design of material transforming products, the product gene based prototype system for principle conceptual design of energy transforming products and the functional structure evolutionary design system based on the symbiotic theory. Thi
一、基于产品基因的物料转换产品的原理方案设计。基于产品和生物之间的相似性，从生物遗传学得到启发，提出了物料转换产品原理方案设计中的产品基因概念。探讨了物料转换产品原理方案设计的中心法则，包括复制、转录、翻译和逆转录。在对基因工程和概念设计进行系统对比的基础上提出了基于基因工程的计算机辅助原理方案设计的方法。一种硬币分离装置的原理方案设计实例表明：基于产品基因的原理方案设计方法能帮助设计师在更广阔的解域内找到更多可行的原理解，从而提高了计算机辅助概念设计系统的求解能力。
二、基于产品基因的能量转换产品的原理方案设计。从物料转换产品原理方案设计中的产品基因模型得到启发，提出了能量转换产品基因模型，借助基因中的求解特征和以函数形式表示的作用特征使CAD系统能在有限的原理解空间中实现高效的搜索求解。进而提出了基于产品基因的启发式搜索求解模型、基于最短路径知识的启发式搜索求解模型和基于产品基因的盲目搜索求解模型，以适用于多种类能量转换产品原理求解的需要和对求解质量与求解效率的不同需求。海浪发电及照明装置的创新概念设计的实例证明了这些方法的可行性。
三、基于共生进化的辅助功能结构设计。从生物进化原理得到启发，探讨了基于共生进化原理的共生功能之间的关系，包括“提供作用条件”、“消除不利手段行为”、“消除有害副作用”和“消除环境有害影响”四类关系，为系统地解决创新设计中基于可行原理解的功能结构设计问题奠定了基础。提出了集成原理方案设计和功能结构设计的计算机辅助概念设计的进程模型。该进程模型能根据实际创新设计环境以及候选原理解的作用条件、手段行为、副作用和环境影响，在求解过程中动态地生成待求产品的可行功能结构，符合人类设计思维习惯，有助
浙江大学博士学位论文
摘要
于提高设计成功率。一种木棒上料装置的概念设计表明了这一模型的可行性。
四、基于仿生学的计算机辅助概念设计原型系统的研制。以上述思想为基础，
首次研制了一个基于产品基因遗传和重组的计算机辅助概念设计的原型系统，它
包含了三个子系统:基于产品基因的物料转换产品的原理方案设计子系统，基于
产品基因的能量转换产品的原理方案设计子系统和基于共生进化的辅助功能结构
设计子系统。该系统首次将辅助功能结构设计和原理方案设计集成在一起，提供
了支持产品概念设计的平台。
关键词:概念设计原理方案设计
识基因工程共生进化
功能设计功能结构设计智能CAD产品基因最短路径知
进化设计
After a systematic analysis of the background and state-of-the-art of research in computer aided conceptual design (CACD), a bionics-based methodology is originally proposed for CACD of technical artifacts, aiming at solving some crucial issues in this research area. The primary contributions are as follows.First, a product gene based approach is proposed for principle conceptual design of material transforming products. Enlightened by organism genetics, the concept of product gene is proposed for principle conceptual design of products of such kind after the similarities between products and organisms is systematically analyzed. The central dogma of principle conceptual design is proposed, composed of the processes of copy, transcription, translation and reverse transcription of product genes. After a systematic comparison of genetic engineering with principle conceptual design, a novel approach based on genetic engineering is proposed for computer aided principle conceptual design. The principle conceptual design of a coins-assorting device demonstrates that the product gene based approach to principle conceptual design can assist designers in retrieving more feasible principle solutions in a wider solution space, which can therefore improve the problem-solving ability of CACD systems.Secondly, a product gene based approach is proposed for principle conceptual design of energy transforming products. With the product gene model for principle conceptual design of material transforming products as a blueprint, the product gene model for principle conceptual design of energy transforming products is proposed. The solving features and the function-based behavioral features of this kind of product genes make it possible for CACD systems to efficiently propose principle solutions to complex functions in a finite solution space. Thereafter, three solving approaches, i.e. a heuristic approach based on product gene, a heuristic approach based on the shortest route knowledge and an exhaustive approach based product gene, are proposed to meet the need of principle conceptual design dealing with the transformation of multiple different energy flows and different requirements on solving quality and efficiency. The
creative conceptual design of a device for generating electrical power and light with sea wave is undertaken with the proposed approaches to demonstrate their feasibility.Thirdly, a symbiosis-based approach is proposed for evolutionary design of functional structure. Referring to the evolutionary method of organisms based on the symbiotic theory, the symbiotic relations between functions in conceptual design are summarized, i.e. the relations of supplying action conditions, removing adverse means behaviors, smoothing away harmful side effects and eliminating or prohibiting environmental influences. Such functional relations are the basis for generating auxiliary functional structures and their carriers for feasible principle solutions. Then a process model integrating principle conceptual design with functional structure design is proposed for CACD, which can dynamically generate the auxiliary functional structure of a feasible principle solution with respect to the differences between its action conditions, mean behaviors, side effects and environmental influences and existing design constraints and resources. The conceptual design of a wood stick supplying device demonstrates that the above process model is consistent with the cognitive model of design and prone to successful product development.Finally, a CACD platform based on bionics is developed. Based on the above researches, a CACD prototype system is developed based on the inheritance and reorganization of product genes, which is composed of three sub-systems, i.e. the product gene based prototype system for principle conceptual design of material transforming products, the product gene based prototype system for principle conceptual design of energy transforming products and the functional structure evolutionary design system based on the symbiotic theory. Thi
引文
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