天津地区地下水对深基坑开挖的影响研究
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摘要
在含水量丰富的软土地区进行基坑工程开挖,不可避免地要遇到地下水问题。地下水位的变化引发土体中渗流场和应力场的改变,研究地下水与土体相互作用的机理以及渗流作用对基坑工程的影响,获得地下水位变化后土体结构变化的详细数据,是具有重要的理论研究价值和工程应用价值的。本文以天津地区具体工程为实例研究了地下水对深基坑开挖的影响。
本文首先对天津地区的水文地质条件进行了综合评价。对天津地区地层成因及岩性进行了分析,研究了地下水的成因及赋存状况。并对地下水与外界水体的水力联系以及地下水体各含水层之间的水力联系做了分析,得到了地下水的运移规律。通过水文地质实验,对各含水层的渗透性做了分析。为后续研究打下了基础。
其次,综合分析了地下水影响下容易产生的各类地质灾害。对深基坑底板的抗浮特性做了研究,分析了基坑底板浮托作用机制并提出了坑底抗浮的相关工程措施。分析了管涌、突涌、流土(砂)等地质灾害的产生机制,提出了量化的预测公式,并针对各类地质灾害提出了工程对策。
在水文地质条件综合评价的基础上,以达西定律、裘布依假设和有效应力原理为基础,对渗流场-应力场之间的耦合作用机制做了理论分析,建立了渗流-应力耦合模型。
最后,以天津地铁二号线具体工程为实例,由COMSOL Multiphysics软件计算了渗流场和应力场之间的相互作用关系,得到了水头下降后土体孔隙率、沉降量之间的具体数值关系,并获得由土体结构改变对渗透系数影响的具体关系。为基坑降水设计提供了理论依据。
本文工作对于深基坑降水设计、施工具有一定的参考价值。
The problems caused by ground water are unavoidable during the excavation of foundation pit engineering in soft fields containing plenty of ground water. The seepage field and the stress field will be changed as the ground water level changes. Therefore, it would be of great theoretical value as well as engineering practice value to study the manual interaction mechanism between ground water and soils and the impact of seepage function on the foundation engineering, and obtain the specific data of the changes of soil structure as the ground water level changes. This thesis studies the impact of ground water on the excavation of foundation pit based on a certain engineering in Tianjin area.
Firstly, the hydrogeological conditions of Tianjin area are comprehensively evaluated. Through analyzing the formation of the stratum and the lithology, the formation and status of ground water is studied. The motion characteristic of the ground water is obtained based on the analysis of the hydrodynamic connection between each aquifers and the ground water and the ambient water, which lays the foundation of the afterwards studies.
Secondly, different kinds of geologic hazards caused by ground water are synthetically analyzed. This thesis studied the resisting of uplift effect of the pit bottom, and analyzed the mechanism of uplift effect, based on which, the corresponding countermeasures are brought up. Also, the mechanism of piping, surging and soil flowing are studied, and the numerical prediction equations are established, at last, the countermeasures for each geologic hazards are brought up.
Based on the synthetic analysis of hydrogeological conditions, this thesis studied the coupling effect mechanism between seepage field and stress field according to Darcy's Law, Dupuit Hypothesis and The Principle of Effective Stress, and established the coupling model of seepage and stress.
At last, this thesis took the specific engineering of the second line of Tianjin metro as an example, calculated the interaction connection between the seepage field and the stress field, and achieved the numerical relevance of the void ratio and the settlement as the ground water level descends, furthermore, the specific relevance between the permeability coefficient and the soil structure are obtained.
The study based on this thesis provides valuable instructions for the designing, construction of the dewatering excavation.
本文首先对天津地区的水文地质条件进行了综合评价。对天津地区地层成因及岩性进行了分析,研究了地下水的成因及赋存状况。并对地下水与外界水体的水力联系以及地下水体各含水层之间的水力联系做了分析,得到了地下水的运移规律。通过水文地质实验,对各含水层的渗透性做了分析。为后续研究打下了基础。
其次,综合分析了地下水影响下容易产生的各类地质灾害。对深基坑底板的抗浮特性做了研究,分析了基坑底板浮托作用机制并提出了坑底抗浮的相关工程措施。分析了管涌、突涌、流土(砂)等地质灾害的产生机制,提出了量化的预测公式,并针对各类地质灾害提出了工程对策。
在水文地质条件综合评价的基础上,以达西定律、裘布依假设和有效应力原理为基础,对渗流场-应力场之间的耦合作用机制做了理论分析,建立了渗流-应力耦合模型。
最后,以天津地铁二号线具体工程为实例,由COMSOL Multiphysics软件计算了渗流场和应力场之间的相互作用关系,得到了水头下降后土体孔隙率、沉降量之间的具体数值关系,并获得由土体结构改变对渗透系数影响的具体关系。为基坑降水设计提供了理论依据。
本文工作对于深基坑降水设计、施工具有一定的参考价值。
The problems caused by ground water are unavoidable during the excavation of foundation pit engineering in soft fields containing plenty of ground water. The seepage field and the stress field will be changed as the ground water level changes. Therefore, it would be of great theoretical value as well as engineering practice value to study the manual interaction mechanism between ground water and soils and the impact of seepage function on the foundation engineering, and obtain the specific data of the changes of soil structure as the ground water level changes. This thesis studies the impact of ground water on the excavation of foundation pit based on a certain engineering in Tianjin area.
Firstly, the hydrogeological conditions of Tianjin area are comprehensively evaluated. Through analyzing the formation of the stratum and the lithology, the formation and status of ground water is studied. The motion characteristic of the ground water is obtained based on the analysis of the hydrodynamic connection between each aquifers and the ground water and the ambient water, which lays the foundation of the afterwards studies.
Secondly, different kinds of geologic hazards caused by ground water are synthetically analyzed. This thesis studied the resisting of uplift effect of the pit bottom, and analyzed the mechanism of uplift effect, based on which, the corresponding countermeasures are brought up. Also, the mechanism of piping, surging and soil flowing are studied, and the numerical prediction equations are established, at last, the countermeasures for each geologic hazards are brought up.
Based on the synthetic analysis of hydrogeological conditions, this thesis studied the coupling effect mechanism between seepage field and stress field according to Darcy's Law, Dupuit Hypothesis and The Principle of Effective Stress, and established the coupling model of seepage and stress.
At last, this thesis took the specific engineering of the second line of Tianjin metro as an example, calculated the interaction connection between the seepage field and the stress field, and achieved the numerical relevance of the void ratio and the settlement as the ground water level descends, furthermore, the specific relevance between the permeability coefficient and the soil structure are obtained.
The study based on this thesis provides valuable instructions for the designing, construction of the dewatering excavation.
引文
[1]Chang-yu Ou,Dar-chang,T.S.Wu. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deep excavations, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996.122(5):337-345
[2]俞建霖,龚晓南.深基坑工程的空间性状分析[J],岩土工程学报,1999.21(1)：34-38
[3]龚晓南主编.深基坑工程设计施工手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1998.7
[4]刘大鹏主编.土力学.清华大学出版社.2005.10
[5]于英武等.深基坑地下水控制技术研究.地下水.2007.5
[6]李春忠.地下水渗流作用下基坑边坡稳定性研究.南京工业大学硕士学位论文.2006.5
[7]王国光.采取止水措施的基坑渗流场研究[J].工业建筑,2001,31(4)：43-45
[8]罗晓辉.基坑开挖渗流数值分析[J].土工基础,1997,11(3)：18-21
[9]顾慰慈编著.渗流计算原理及应用[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社.2000.8
[10]孔祥言.高等渗流力学[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,1999
[11]顾慰慈编著.渗流计算原理及应用[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社.2000.8
[12]Zienkiewicz O.C. and Shiomi T. Dynamic behvaior of sautrated Porous media; the generalized Biotofrmul-action and its numerical solution[J]. Int.J.Num and Analy. Meth.in Geomech,1984,8:71-96
[13]曾国熙等.软粘土地基基坑开挖性状的研究.岩土工程学报.1988,3
[14]His J P,Small J C. Simulation of excavation in a poro-elastic material. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1992,16(1):25-43
[15]His J P,Small J C. Analysis of excavation in an elastic-plastic'soil involving drawdown of the water table. Computers and Geotechnics,1992,13(1):1-19
[16]His J P, Small J C. Surface subsidence and drawdown of the water table due topumping,Geotechique,1994,44(3):381-396
[17]Ronaldo I B. Free Boundary, Fluid Flow, and Seepage Forces in Excavations. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1992,118(1):125-146
[18]连镇营,韩国城.土体开挖超孔隙水压力三维数值分析.工程力学.2001,(增)：502-506
[19]李玉岐,周健,谢康和.基坑开挖卸载诱发的渗流分析.岩土工程学报.2006,28(10)：1259-1262
[20]Peck.R.B. Deep Excavation and Tunneling in Soft Ground.7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. MEXICO,1969
[21]Clough G W, O'Rourke T D. Construction induced movements of in situ walls. Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures. Proceedings of a Specialty Conference at Cornell University, ASCE, New York.1990,439-470
[22]Lade,P.V. and Duncan,J.M.. Stress-Path Dependent Behavior of Cohesionless soil, proc. ASCE, Vol.102,No.GTI,1976.
[23]CloughGW, Duncan JM. Finite element analysis of retaining wall behavior[J]. Journal of soil Mech. Foundations Div.,ASCE,1971,97(SM12):1657-1672
[24]向大润.等应力比条件下水坠坝土料的应力应变关系.土的抗剪强度与本构关系学术讨论会论文汇编,第一册,1985年
[25]陈永福,曹名葆.上海地区软土的卸荷-再加荷特性.岩土工程学报.第12卷,第2期,1990年
[26]Sik-Cheng Robert Lo and Ian Kenneth Lee. Response of Granular soil along Constant Stress Increment Ratio Path. VOI.116,No.GT3,ASCE,1990
[27]刘兴旺等.竖向排水井地基粘弹性固结解析理论.土木工程学报.1998.1
[28]应宏伟,谢康和.土的应力历史对软粘土地基深基坑性状的影响.浙江大学学报.2000.04
[29]Faheem H, Cai F, Ugai K, et al. Two-dimensional base stability of excavations in soft soils using FEM[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30:141-163
[30]GambolatiG., AllanFreezeR.. Mathe mathematical simulation of the subsidence of Venice[J],Water Resource Research.1973,9(3):721-733
[31]LewisR.W., SehreflerB. A fully coupled consolidation model of the subsidence of Venice [J]. Water Resource Research.1978,14(2):465-476
[32]俞建灵.软土地基深基坑工程数值分析研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,1997
[33]Ou C Y,Lai C H.Finite element analysis of deep excavation in layered sandy and clayed soil deposits[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1994,31:204-214
[34]纪佑军等.基坑地下水渗流数值模拟.武汉工业学院学报.2006.3
[35]高福华.深基坑工程渗流与变形分析.河海大学硕士学位论文,2004
[36]冯晓腊等.二维水-土耦合模型在深基坑降水计算中的应用[J].岩土力学与工程学报.2005,24(7)：1196-1201
[37]俞建霖,赵荣欣,龚晓南.软土地基基坑开挖地表沉降量的数值研究.浙江大学学报,1998.32(1)：95-101
[38]李筱艳,王传鹏,柳毅.渗流场与应力场的完全耦合模型及其在深基坑工程中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2004(6)：86-89
[39]丁洲祥,龚晓南.Biot固结有限元方程组的病态规律分析.岩土力学.2007.2
[40]工程地质手册.中国建筑工业出版社.1982.9：45-53
[41]工程地质手册.中国建筑工业出版社.1982.9：879-911
[42]龚爱群,慕晓屏.浅析地下水的浮力对基础的影响.科技咨询导报.2007.11
[43]成立芹.地下水渗流对基坑稳定性影响.河北建筑工程学院学报.2002.4
[44]贝尔(Bear,J.).地下水水力学.地质出版社.1985：48-58
[45]贝尔(Bear,J.).地下水水力学.地质出版社.1985：59-61
[46]陈仲颐等.土力学.清华大学出版社.1994.4
[47]罗元华,孙雄.不同应力状态下地层渗透系数的变化及其对流体运移影响的数值模拟研究.地球 学报,1998(2)：144-149
[48]徐争光.基坑降水的应力场与渗流场耦合及优化设计.福州大学硕士学位论文.2004.12
[49]吴林高.工程降水设计施工与基坑渗流理论.人民交通出版社.2003.9
[50]天津地铁二号线青年路站岩土勘察报告.
[2]俞建霖,龚晓南.深基坑工程的空间性状分析[J],岩土工程学报,1999.21(1)：34-38
[3]龚晓南主编.深基坑工程设计施工手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1998.7
[4]刘大鹏主编.土力学.清华大学出版社.2005.10
[5]于英武等.深基坑地下水控制技术研究.地下水.2007.5
[6]李春忠.地下水渗流作用下基坑边坡稳定性研究.南京工业大学硕士学位论文.2006.5
[7]王国光.采取止水措施的基坑渗流场研究[J].工业建筑,2001,31(4)：43-45
[8]罗晓辉.基坑开挖渗流数值分析[J].土工基础,1997,11(3)：18-21
[9]顾慰慈编著.渗流计算原理及应用[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社.2000.8
[10]孔祥言.高等渗流力学[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,1999
[11]顾慰慈编著.渗流计算原理及应用[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社.2000.8
[12]Zienkiewicz O.C. and Shiomi T. Dynamic behvaior of sautrated Porous media; the generalized Biotofrmul-action and its numerical solution[J]. Int.J.Num and Analy. Meth.in Geomech,1984,8:71-96
[13]曾国熙等.软粘土地基基坑开挖性状的研究.岩土工程学报.1988,3
[14]His J P,Small J C. Simulation of excavation in a poro-elastic material. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1992,16(1):25-43
[15]His J P,Small J C. Analysis of excavation in an elastic-plastic'soil involving drawdown of the water table. Computers and Geotechnics,1992,13(1):1-19
[16]His J P, Small J C. Surface subsidence and drawdown of the water table due topumping,Geotechique,1994,44(3):381-396
[17]Ronaldo I B. Free Boundary, Fluid Flow, and Seepage Forces in Excavations. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1992,118(1):125-146
[18]连镇营,韩国城.土体开挖超孔隙水压力三维数值分析.工程力学.2001,(增)：502-506
[19]李玉岐,周健,谢康和.基坑开挖卸载诱发的渗流分析.岩土工程学报.2006,28(10)：1259-1262
[20]Peck.R.B. Deep Excavation and Tunneling in Soft Ground.7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. MEXICO,1969
[21]Clough G W, O'Rourke T D. Construction induced movements of in situ walls. Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures. Proceedings of a Specialty Conference at Cornell University, ASCE, New York.1990,439-470
[22]Lade,P.V. and Duncan,J.M.. Stress-Path Dependent Behavior of Cohesionless soil, proc. ASCE, Vol.102,No.GTI,1976.
[23]CloughGW, Duncan JM. Finite element analysis of retaining wall behavior[J]. Journal of soil Mech. Foundations Div.,ASCE,1971,97(SM12):1657-1672
[24]向大润.等应力比条件下水坠坝土料的应力应变关系.土的抗剪强度与本构关系学术讨论会论文汇编,第一册,1985年
[25]陈永福,曹名葆.上海地区软土的卸荷-再加荷特性.岩土工程学报.第12卷,第2期,1990年
[26]Sik-Cheng Robert Lo and Ian Kenneth Lee. Response of Granular soil along Constant Stress Increment Ratio Path. VOI.116,No.GT3,ASCE,1990
[27]刘兴旺等.竖向排水井地基粘弹性固结解析理论.土木工程学报.1998.1
[28]应宏伟,谢康和.土的应力历史对软粘土地基深基坑性状的影响.浙江大学学报.2000.04
[29]Faheem H, Cai F, Ugai K, et al. Two-dimensional base stability of excavations in soft soils using FEM[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30:141-163
[30]GambolatiG., AllanFreezeR.. Mathe mathematical simulation of the subsidence of Venice[J],Water Resource Research.1973,9(3):721-733
[31]LewisR.W., SehreflerB. A fully coupled consolidation model of the subsidence of Venice [J]. Water Resource Research.1978,14(2):465-476
[32]俞建灵.软土地基深基坑工程数值分析研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,1997
[33]Ou C Y,Lai C H.Finite element analysis of deep excavation in layered sandy and clayed soil deposits[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1994,31:204-214
[34]纪佑军等.基坑地下水渗流数值模拟.武汉工业学院学报.2006.3
[35]高福华.深基坑工程渗流与变形分析.河海大学硕士学位论文,2004
[36]冯晓腊等.二维水-土耦合模型在深基坑降水计算中的应用[J].岩土力学与工程学报.2005,24(7)：1196-1201
[37]俞建霖,赵荣欣,龚晓南.软土地基基坑开挖地表沉降量的数值研究.浙江大学学报,1998.32(1)：95-101
[38]李筱艳,王传鹏,柳毅.渗流场与应力场的完全耦合模型及其在深基坑工程中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2004(6)：86-89
[39]丁洲祥,龚晓南.Biot固结有限元方程组的病态规律分析.岩土力学.2007.2
[40]工程地质手册.中国建筑工业出版社.1982.9：45-53
[41]工程地质手册.中国建筑工业出版社.1982.9：879-911
[42]龚爱群,慕晓屏.浅析地下水的浮力对基础的影响.科技咨询导报.2007.11
[43]成立芹.地下水渗流对基坑稳定性影响.河北建筑工程学院学报.2002.4
[44]贝尔(Bear,J.).地下水水力学.地质出版社.1985：48-58
[45]贝尔(Bear,J.).地下水水力学.地质出版社.1985：59-61
[46]陈仲颐等.土力学.清华大学出版社.1994.4
[47]罗元华,孙雄.不同应力状态下地层渗透系数的变化及其对流体运移影响的数值模拟研究.地球 学报,1998(2)：144-149
[48]徐争光.基坑降水的应力场与渗流场耦合及优化设计.福州大学硕士学位论文.2004.12
[49]吴林高.工程降水设计施工与基坑渗流理论.人民交通出版社.2003.9
[50]天津地铁二号线青年路站岩土勘察报告.
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