粘滞阻尼器用于建筑结构抗震的分析与设计方法
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摘要
结构消能减震技术中的液体粘滞阻尼器由于消能原理清晰,安装方式灵活,减振效果优良,在全世界很多大型工程的振动控制中得到了应用,并表现出了良好的减振效果。但是,目前装配粘滞阻尼器的减震结构的设计方法多数是首先对未安装阻尼器的结构进行时程计算,然后再加入阻尼器进行反复时程计算,直到达到目标性能为止,这种方式耗时耗力,并且减震概念不清晰,严重影响了粘滞阻尼器的推广。所以研究合适的设计方法具有重要的实际意义。
本文首先探讨了阻尼器的非线性动力特性及引入阻尼器的SDOF系统的动力特性,利用等效粘滞阻尼比和速度指数两个独立的无量纲的变量研究了阻尼器对系统响应的影响,编制了系统的非线性动力分析程序。
其次,介绍了应用非线性粘滞阻尼器的单自由度系统的反应谱设计法。此法通过对单自由度下装配粘滞阻尼器的减震结构的消能原理分析,将单自由度下消能构件的参数(阻尼系数、阻尼指数、支撑刚度)与结构振动响应(位移,剪力)联系起来,并利用插值法,建立了非线性粘滞阻尼器的性能曲线,利用此性能曲线可方便地进行单自由度减震结构的设计。接着利用时程分析验证了反应谱法的精度。
将此方法按照一定的原则推广到多自由度体系中,给出了多层建筑结构基于目标位移控制性能的设计步骤,并给出了演算实例及时程验证。对于多自由度体系,粘滞阻尼器减震结构的反应谱设计法回避了大量的时程试算,且可以进行图表化计算,并可方便地提供不同的设计方案供设计人员选择,具有很高的推广价值。
在反应谱法的基础上,研究了带有放大机构的的耗能支撑体系。这种体系的中心思想是通过机械机构放大阻尼器的轴向位移,从而放大阻尼器的耗能效率,使粘滞阻尼器在结构水平位移很小的情况下发挥效用。主要讨论了肘节式和剪刀式这两种支撑形式,并利用SAP2000对不同放大系数的耗能支撑体系进行了非线性动力时程分析,得出了不同体系的优缺点,供设计人员设计时参考。
Owing to the clear principles, flexible installation, good effect, fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) as passive energy dissipation devices for seismic protection have been applied in many large projects, and some successful verification during the real earthquakes have been reported as well. However, most projects with FVDs have been desiged by repeated time-history analysis until the objective is achieved, which is time-consuming and affect the application of FVDs. Thus, it is valuable to study an appropriate design method.
In this thesis, the nonlinear dynamic properties of FVDs and the related SDOF structure were first discussed. FVDs on system response can be investigated in terms of two independent, dimensionless parameters. A nonlinear dynamic program was developed for the response analysis of the sytem with FVD.
Next, the response spectrum method of SDOF system with nonlinear VFD was introduced. The principals of the SDOF system with FVD is discussed, and the relationship of the parameters of passive energy system (i.e., damping coefficient, damping exponent, brace stiffness) with structure vibration response (i.e., displacement, shear force) was established, then the performance curve of SDOF system with nonlinear FVDs was developed by using interpolation. It is convenient for SDOF structural design with FVDs by using the performance curve. Then, time-history method was used to verify the accuracy of the proposed response spectrum method.
The above method was extended to MDOF system. The design step for multi-stories buildings was proposed. Based on target displacement was proposed. An example calculation process and time-history validation was given. The response spectrum method of multi-degree-of-freedom systems avoid repeated time-history calculated and can offer different design schemes for designers to choose, so it has high application value.
Based on the response spectrum method, energy dissipation systems with magnifying mechanisms were studied. This system amplified the axial displacement of FVDs with magnifying configuration, so the energy efficiency of dampers can be improved especially for the condition of small displacement levels. The toggle-brace-system and scissior-jack system were mainly discussesd, and they were compared with chevron brace configuration through dynamic time-history analysis by SAP2000. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages were given to the designers for reference.
本文首先探讨了阻尼器的非线性动力特性及引入阻尼器的SDOF系统的动力特性,利用等效粘滞阻尼比和速度指数两个独立的无量纲的变量研究了阻尼器对系统响应的影响,编制了系统的非线性动力分析程序。
其次,介绍了应用非线性粘滞阻尼器的单自由度系统的反应谱设计法。此法通过对单自由度下装配粘滞阻尼器的减震结构的消能原理分析,将单自由度下消能构件的参数(阻尼系数、阻尼指数、支撑刚度)与结构振动响应(位移,剪力)联系起来,并利用插值法,建立了非线性粘滞阻尼器的性能曲线,利用此性能曲线可方便地进行单自由度减震结构的设计。接着利用时程分析验证了反应谱法的精度。
将此方法按照一定的原则推广到多自由度体系中,给出了多层建筑结构基于目标位移控制性能的设计步骤,并给出了演算实例及时程验证。对于多自由度体系,粘滞阻尼器减震结构的反应谱设计法回避了大量的时程试算,且可以进行图表化计算,并可方便地提供不同的设计方案供设计人员选择,具有很高的推广价值。
在反应谱法的基础上,研究了带有放大机构的的耗能支撑体系。这种体系的中心思想是通过机械机构放大阻尼器的轴向位移,从而放大阻尼器的耗能效率,使粘滞阻尼器在结构水平位移很小的情况下发挥效用。主要讨论了肘节式和剪刀式这两种支撑形式,并利用SAP2000对不同放大系数的耗能支撑体系进行了非线性动力时程分析,得出了不同体系的优缺点,供设计人员设计时参考。
Owing to the clear principles, flexible installation, good effect, fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) as passive energy dissipation devices for seismic protection have been applied in many large projects, and some successful verification during the real earthquakes have been reported as well. However, most projects with FVDs have been desiged by repeated time-history analysis until the objective is achieved, which is time-consuming and affect the application of FVDs. Thus, it is valuable to study an appropriate design method.
In this thesis, the nonlinear dynamic properties of FVDs and the related SDOF structure were first discussed. FVDs on system response can be investigated in terms of two independent, dimensionless parameters. A nonlinear dynamic program was developed for the response analysis of the sytem with FVD.
Next, the response spectrum method of SDOF system with nonlinear VFD was introduced. The principals of the SDOF system with FVD is discussed, and the relationship of the parameters of passive energy system (i.e., damping coefficient, damping exponent, brace stiffness) with structure vibration response (i.e., displacement, shear force) was established, then the performance curve of SDOF system with nonlinear FVDs was developed by using interpolation. It is convenient for SDOF structural design with FVDs by using the performance curve. Then, time-history method was used to verify the accuracy of the proposed response spectrum method.
The above method was extended to MDOF system. The design step for multi-stories buildings was proposed. Based on target displacement was proposed. An example calculation process and time-history validation was given. The response spectrum method of multi-degree-of-freedom systems avoid repeated time-history calculated and can offer different design schemes for designers to choose, so it has high application value.
Based on the response spectrum method, energy dissipation systems with magnifying mechanisms were studied. This system amplified the axial displacement of FVDs with magnifying configuration, so the energy efficiency of dampers can be improved especially for the condition of small displacement levels. The toggle-brace-system and scissior-jack system were mainly discussesd, and they were compared with chevron brace configuration through dynamic time-history analysis by SAP2000. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages were given to the designers for reference.
引文
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[12]陈永祁,杜义欣.液体粘滞阻尼器在结构工程中的最新进展[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2006,28(3)：65-72
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