内蒙贺斯格乌拉南部矿区疏干水水量预测及环境评价
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摘要
内蒙古贺斯格乌拉煤田是新探明的大型煤田之一,生产的煤大部分就地转化,用作矿区规划的化工项目及当地电厂的原料或者民用煤。该地区水资源极其紧缺,随着矿区的煤炭资源开采规模的扩大,大量疏干水排向地表而未得到充分地利用,这样既导致了区域地下水位下降,引起水环境恶化,同时对周边生态环境造成破坏,又是对水资源的极大浪费。
本文在充分利用前人资料的基础上,分析了研究区的地层、构造的分布特征,确定矿区含水层的岩性、厚度、富水性与水力联系,地下水的补、径、排关系以及地下水的化学成分与形成作用。
根据所掌握的矿区地质、水文地质条件,确定出贺斯格乌拉南部露天矿区的计算范围,建立水文地质概念模型,分为第四系孔隙潜水含水层模型和白垩系承压水含水层模型,在概念模型的基础上建立相应的数学模型,并对整个区域进行三角网格剖分,运用不规则网格有限差分的方法进行数值模拟,得出贺斯格乌拉南部矿区的疏干水量,同时对不同疏干方案进行地下水疏干水位预测。
应用前期疏干排水资料数据对模型进行识别,在识别过程中,观测孔水位的模拟值和实测值拟合较好,进行参数分区。第四系孔隙潜水含水层参数分为4个区,参数分布规律总的趋势是勘探区东部参数大于西部的参数;白垩系裂隙承压水含水层参数也分为4个区,参数分布总的趋势是中部较大,向外围变小。
通过数值模拟得出:(1)第四系孔隙潜水含水层数值模拟期总补给量为4478.2m~3/d,总排泄量为6778.4m~3/d;(2)白垩系裂隙承压水含水层数值模拟期总补给量为1562.0m~3/d,总排泄量为34206.8m~3/d。实际资料表明白垩系裂隙承压水含水层经过1年的疏干排水,矿区范围内水位降深达22～34m,漏斗中心降深达40m。
贺斯格乌拉南部矿区的第四系孔隙潜水含水层厚度小,易疏干,因此地下水疏干水位的预测主要是针对白垩系裂隙承压水含水层进行,分4种方案:(1)现状疏干排水条件下;(2)现状疏干排水量减少条件下;(3)二期开采条件下;(4)三期开采条件下,进行预测。总的趋势是疏干时间愈长、疏干水量愈大,水位降深就愈大。
煤炭资源开采以后,会引发一系列的生态环境地质问题,为了推动矿山开采与环境保护的协调发展,针对矿区的水、大气、生态和固体废弃物环境进行了评价分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。
Hesigewula coalfield of Inner Mongolia is one of the newly-found large-size coalfields. The coal produced is largely converted in-place, and it is used as material in chemical projects of the coal mine planning, local power plants and civil coal. The coal mine area is extremely short of water resources. A large quantity of dewatering of deposit is discharged to surface and has been underutilized along with the expansion of exploitation scale of the coal resources. It has led to both groundwater level recession, water environmental deterioration, damage to ecological environment and the serious waste of water resources.
Based on the previous research productions which should be made considerable use of, the paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of strata and geological structures in research region. Then we can determine lithologic property, thickness, water abundance and contact with water of aquifer; the relationship among groundwater recharge, run-off and discharge as well as the chemical constituents and formation action of groundwater.
According to the data of geology as well as hydrogeology condition, we determine the calculation limits of surface coal mine in the south of Hesigewula and establish the conceptual model of hydrogeology, which is divided into the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer model and the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer model. And the corresponding mathematics model is established on the basis of the conceptual model. We use the triangular-subdivision to subdivide the whole area. Therefore, the quantity of dewatering of deposit is numerically simulated by using the irregular-grid finite difference method, and the groundwater level is forecast under different drainage programs.
The data of prior period drainage are used to recognize the model. In the process of recognition, the simulated value and measured value of the observed water table level are matched well, so we make a subdivision of the parameters. The parameters of both the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer and the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer are divided into 4 zones independently. In the former, the general trend of distribution rule of the parameters is that the value of the eastern of the exploration area is higheT than that of the west. While the latter, the general tendency of distribution rule of the parameters is that the value of middle of the exploration area is higher and it decreases to the outer.
Through the numerical simulations, the total recharge of the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer is 4478.2m~3/d , the total discharge 6778.4m~3/d and the total recharge of the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer is 1562.0m~3/d , the total discharge 34206.8m~3/d . The practical data show that the water level drawdown of the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer is 22～34m after one year drainage and the core of depression drawdown is 40m .
As the thickness of the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer of the coal mine is very thin, it is apt to be dewatered. We make a prediction on the groundwater drainage level on the basis of the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer. Four schemes are taken as follows: (1) the condition of current drainage; (2) the condition of current drainage reduced; (3) the exploration condition during the second period; (4) the exploration condition during the third period. The general trend is that the longer the dewatering time, the more dewatering of deposit capacity and the lowering of the water level.
It can cause a series of the ecological environmental geological problems after exploiting the coal resources. In order to promote mining exploitation and environmental conservation under coordinative development, the factors such as ecological environment, water environment, atmospheric environment and solid waste environment are evaluated and analyzed. Besides, a number of improvement measures are given in the paper.
本文在充分利用前人资料的基础上,分析了研究区的地层、构造的分布特征,确定矿区含水层的岩性、厚度、富水性与水力联系,地下水的补、径、排关系以及地下水的化学成分与形成作用。
根据所掌握的矿区地质、水文地质条件,确定出贺斯格乌拉南部露天矿区的计算范围,建立水文地质概念模型,分为第四系孔隙潜水含水层模型和白垩系承压水含水层模型,在概念模型的基础上建立相应的数学模型,并对整个区域进行三角网格剖分,运用不规则网格有限差分的方法进行数值模拟,得出贺斯格乌拉南部矿区的疏干水量,同时对不同疏干方案进行地下水疏干水位预测。
应用前期疏干排水资料数据对模型进行识别,在识别过程中,观测孔水位的模拟值和实测值拟合较好,进行参数分区。第四系孔隙潜水含水层参数分为4个区,参数分布规律总的趋势是勘探区东部参数大于西部的参数;白垩系裂隙承压水含水层参数也分为4个区,参数分布总的趋势是中部较大,向外围变小。
通过数值模拟得出:(1)第四系孔隙潜水含水层数值模拟期总补给量为4478.2m~3/d,总排泄量为6778.4m~3/d;(2)白垩系裂隙承压水含水层数值模拟期总补给量为1562.0m~3/d,总排泄量为34206.8m~3/d。实际资料表明白垩系裂隙承压水含水层经过1年的疏干排水,矿区范围内水位降深达22～34m,漏斗中心降深达40m。
贺斯格乌拉南部矿区的第四系孔隙潜水含水层厚度小,易疏干,因此地下水疏干水位的预测主要是针对白垩系裂隙承压水含水层进行,分4种方案:(1)现状疏干排水条件下;(2)现状疏干排水量减少条件下;(3)二期开采条件下;(4)三期开采条件下,进行预测。总的趋势是疏干时间愈长、疏干水量愈大,水位降深就愈大。
煤炭资源开采以后,会引发一系列的生态环境地质问题,为了推动矿山开采与环境保护的协调发展,针对矿区的水、大气、生态和固体废弃物环境进行了评价分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。
Hesigewula coalfield of Inner Mongolia is one of the newly-found large-size coalfields. The coal produced is largely converted in-place, and it is used as material in chemical projects of the coal mine planning, local power plants and civil coal. The coal mine area is extremely short of water resources. A large quantity of dewatering of deposit is discharged to surface and has been underutilized along with the expansion of exploitation scale of the coal resources. It has led to both groundwater level recession, water environmental deterioration, damage to ecological environment and the serious waste of water resources.
Based on the previous research productions which should be made considerable use of, the paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of strata and geological structures in research region. Then we can determine lithologic property, thickness, water abundance and contact with water of aquifer; the relationship among groundwater recharge, run-off and discharge as well as the chemical constituents and formation action of groundwater.
According to the data of geology as well as hydrogeology condition, we determine the calculation limits of surface coal mine in the south of Hesigewula and establish the conceptual model of hydrogeology, which is divided into the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer model and the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer model. And the corresponding mathematics model is established on the basis of the conceptual model. We use the triangular-subdivision to subdivide the whole area. Therefore, the quantity of dewatering of deposit is numerically simulated by using the irregular-grid finite difference method, and the groundwater level is forecast under different drainage programs.
The data of prior period drainage are used to recognize the model. In the process of recognition, the simulated value and measured value of the observed water table level are matched well, so we make a subdivision of the parameters. The parameters of both the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer and the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer are divided into 4 zones independently. In the former, the general trend of distribution rule of the parameters is that the value of the eastern of the exploration area is higheT than that of the west. While the latter, the general tendency of distribution rule of the parameters is that the value of middle of the exploration area is higher and it decreases to the outer.
Through the numerical simulations, the total recharge of the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer is 4478.2m~3/d , the total discharge 6778.4m~3/d and the total recharge of the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer is 1562.0m~3/d , the total discharge 34206.8m~3/d . The practical data show that the water level drawdown of the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer is 22～34m after one year drainage and the core of depression drawdown is 40m .
As the thickness of the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer of the coal mine is very thin, it is apt to be dewatered. We make a prediction on the groundwater drainage level on the basis of the Cretaceous confined fracture aquifer. Four schemes are taken as follows: (1) the condition of current drainage; (2) the condition of current drainage reduced; (3) the exploration condition during the second period; (4) the exploration condition during the third period. The general trend is that the longer the dewatering time, the more dewatering of deposit capacity and the lowering of the water level.
It can cause a series of the ecological environmental geological problems after exploiting the coal resources. In order to promote mining exploitation and environmental conservation under coordinative development, the factors such as ecological environment, water environment, atmospheric environment and solid waste environment are evaluated and analyzed. Besides, a number of improvement measures are given in the paper.
引文
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