云南省马关县水碓房铅锌多金属矿床地质特征与找矿研究
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摘要
我国正处于工业化发展加速阶段,对矿产资源需求旺盛,矿产资源的需求增长与工业经济增长呈现出同步增长的特点。开展水碓房矿区找矿地质研究,寻找国家急缺及重要的铅矿产资源勘查基地,对我国有色金属工业和云南省少数民族及边远地区地方经济的发展具有重要意义。
本文通过大量的野外工作和室内综合分析,研究了工作区内地层、构造、岩石等成矿地质条件和矿体地质特征,掌握了区内构造蚀变破碎带的分布、形态、规模、产状、赋存的矿化体及其分布变化规律,查明了铅锌矿的矿石类型、物质成分、矿石品位及其空间变化特征,估算和预测了研究区的资源量。
矿床成因分析表明,本区矿床属于中低温热液矿床,矿区内虽无岩浆活动,但工作区外围的大规模岩浆活动及区域动力变质作用,以巨大的热能促使地质体中的铅锌等成矿元素活化、迁移至北东—东西向破碎带内富集成矿。水碓房铅锌矿床的主要找矿标志为构造破碎带、铁帽、砂铅矿体、化探异常和物探异常。矿区铅锌矿(化)体为脉状,除地表浅部控制矿(化)体外,地表还有部分构造蚀变破碎带可能含有矿体,深部可能含有隐伏矿体,因此,研究区还具有较大的找矿潜力。
在矿体地质特征分析和研究的基础上,确定了矿床勘查类型、勘查工程间距和勘查手段,并对勘查技术手段和勘查工作方法的质量进行了评价。本区合适的勘查手段为,地表以地质填图和槽探工程为主,结合物探测量和化探沟系次生晕的勘查方法来控制(矿化)构造蚀变碎裂带地表露头,中深部采用钻探工程。通过研究区勘查数据的收集和整理,进行了工业指标确定、估算方法选择和矿体的圈定连接,采用MapGIS软件对研究区的资源量进行了估算和预测。
The Shuiduifang lead-zinc polymetallic deposit in Maguan County of Yunnan Province is a mesothermal-epithermal hydrothermal deposit. Exploration and exploitation of the deposit is of great importance to the development of the local economy.
Based on solid work of field survey and laboratory research on the strata and structure in the deposit, this thesis described the occurrence, shape, size of the alteration rupture zones and the distribution of mineralized bodies in the zones. The chemistry and mineralogy of various types of ores, as well as their spatial variation, are studied and the potential ore reserve is estimated.
The Shuiduifang deposit, according to this study, was formed from the precipitation of ore elements in the NE- and EW-trending rupture zones, devrived from the magmatism and regional metamorphism outside the deposit. The main exploration indications include structural rupture zone, iron cap, lead placer and geochemical and geophysical anomalies. The lead-zinc orebodies occur as veins in the shallow part and possibly extend to the depth as hidden orebodies in the alteration rupture zones.
The prospecting type, distance and techniques are determined according to the geological features of the deposit and the prospecting quality is appraized. The appropriate prospecting techniques include geological mapping and trenching, together with geophysical measurement and streaming geochemical secondary anomaly to control the outcrops of the structural rupture zones, and drilling holes for deep control. The prospecting data are used to determine the industrial indices and outline the orebody. The MAPGIS system is used to estimate the potential reserve of the deposit.
本文通过大量的野外工作和室内综合分析,研究了工作区内地层、构造、岩石等成矿地质条件和矿体地质特征,掌握了区内构造蚀变破碎带的分布、形态、规模、产状、赋存的矿化体及其分布变化规律,查明了铅锌矿的矿石类型、物质成分、矿石品位及其空间变化特征,估算和预测了研究区的资源量。
矿床成因分析表明,本区矿床属于中低温热液矿床,矿区内虽无岩浆活动,但工作区外围的大规模岩浆活动及区域动力变质作用,以巨大的热能促使地质体中的铅锌等成矿元素活化、迁移至北东—东西向破碎带内富集成矿。水碓房铅锌矿床的主要找矿标志为构造破碎带、铁帽、砂铅矿体、化探异常和物探异常。矿区铅锌矿(化)体为脉状,除地表浅部控制矿(化)体外,地表还有部分构造蚀变破碎带可能含有矿体,深部可能含有隐伏矿体,因此,研究区还具有较大的找矿潜力。
在矿体地质特征分析和研究的基础上,确定了矿床勘查类型、勘查工程间距和勘查手段,并对勘查技术手段和勘查工作方法的质量进行了评价。本区合适的勘查手段为,地表以地质填图和槽探工程为主,结合物探测量和化探沟系次生晕的勘查方法来控制(矿化)构造蚀变碎裂带地表露头,中深部采用钻探工程。通过研究区勘查数据的收集和整理,进行了工业指标确定、估算方法选择和矿体的圈定连接,采用MapGIS软件对研究区的资源量进行了估算和预测。
The Shuiduifang lead-zinc polymetallic deposit in Maguan County of Yunnan Province is a mesothermal-epithermal hydrothermal deposit. Exploration and exploitation of the deposit is of great importance to the development of the local economy.
Based on solid work of field survey and laboratory research on the strata and structure in the deposit, this thesis described the occurrence, shape, size of the alteration rupture zones and the distribution of mineralized bodies in the zones. The chemistry and mineralogy of various types of ores, as well as their spatial variation, are studied and the potential ore reserve is estimated.
The Shuiduifang deposit, according to this study, was formed from the precipitation of ore elements in the NE- and EW-trending rupture zones, devrived from the magmatism and regional metamorphism outside the deposit. The main exploration indications include structural rupture zone, iron cap, lead placer and geochemical and geophysical anomalies. The lead-zinc orebodies occur as veins in the shallow part and possibly extend to the depth as hidden orebodies in the alteration rupture zones.
The prospecting type, distance and techniques are determined according to the geological features of the deposit and the prospecting quality is appraized. The appropriate prospecting techniques include geological mapping and trenching, together with geophysical measurement and streaming geochemical secondary anomaly to control the outcrops of the structural rupture zones, and drilling holes for deep control. The prospecting data are used to determine the industrial indices and outline the orebody. The MAPGIS system is used to estimate the potential reserve of the deposit.
引文
[1]戴自希,盛继福,白冶,等,世界铅锌资源的分布与潜力。地震出版社,2005,1-387
[2]Nutman,A.P.,K.Ehlers,Evidence for multiple Palaeoproterozoic thermal events and magmatism adjacent to the Broken Hill Pb-Zn-Ag orebody,Australia.Precambrian Research,1998,90,3-4,203-238
[3]Symons,D.T.A.,HYC(McArthur River) SEDEX deposit,Australia:First paleomagnetic results.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,89,1-3,380-383
[4]Large,R.R.,S.W.Bull,P.J.McGoldrick,Lithogeochemical halos and geochemical vectors to stratiform sediment hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits:Part 2.HYC deposit,McArthur River,Northern Territory.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2000,68,1-2,105-126
[5]Ford,A.,T.G.Blenkinsop,Combining fractal analysis of mineral deposit clustering with weights of evidence to evaluate patterns of mineralization:Application to copper deposits of the Mount Isa Inlier,NW Queensland,Australia.Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33,3-4,435-450
[6]Oliver,N.H.S.,K.M.Butera,M.J.Rubenach,et al.,The protracted hydrothermal evolution of the Mount Isa Eastern Succession:A review and tectonic implications.Precambrian Research,2008,163,1-2,108-130
[7]Pirajno,F.,and L.Bagas,A review of Australia's Proterozoic mineral systems and genetic models.Precambrian Research,2008,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 22
[8]Gregory,M.J.,B.F.Schaefer,R.R.Keays,A.R.Wilde,The Mount Isa copper deposit:An example of a crustal metal source with a mantle signature.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70,18,A216
[9]Taylor,B.E.,Biogenic and thermogenic sulfate reduction in the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit,British Columbia(Canada):Evidence from micro-isotopic analysis of carbonate and sulfide in bedded ores.Chemical Geology,2004,204,3-4,215-236
[10]Garven,G.,J.P.Raffensperger,J.A.Dumoulin,D.A.Bradley,L.E.Young,K.D.Kelley,D.L.Leach,Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the CarboniferousKuna Basin,Alaska:implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb__Zn__Ag__Ba ore district.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2003,78-79,215-219
[11]Kesler,S.E.,M.Reich,M.Jean,Geochemistry of fluid inclusion brines from Earth's oldest Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) deposits,Transvaal Supergroup,South Africa.Chemical Geology,2007,237,3-4,274-288
[12]Kendrick,M.A.,R.Burgess,D.Harrison,A.Bjφrlykke,Noble gas and halogen evidence for the origin of Scandinavian sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn deposits.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69,1,109-129
[13]Barrie,C.T.,M.D.Hannington,Classification of volcanicassociated massive sulfide deposits based on host-rock composition.Reviews in Economic Geology,1999,8,1-12.
[14]Gibson,H.,J.M.Franklin,M.D.Hannington,A genetic model for volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits,an overview of progress made and problems remaining.GeoCanada,2000-The Millennium Geoscience Summit,Conference Abstract,vol.758,4 pp.
[15]Solomon,M.,F.Tornos,R.R.Large,J.N.P.Badham,et al.,Zn-Pb-Cu volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits:criteria for distinguishing brine pool-type from black smoker-type sulphide deposition.Ore Geology Reviews,2004,25,3-4,259-283
[16]Solomon,M.,Brine pool deposition for the Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulphide deposits of the Bathurst mining camp,New Brunswick,Canada.Ⅰ.Comparisons with the Iberian pyrite belt.Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33,3-4,329-351
[17]Ohmoto,H.,B.J.Skinner(Eds.),The Kuroko and Related Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits.Economic Geology,1983,5,604
[18]Landtwing,M.R.,T.Pettke,W.E.Halter,et al.,Copper deposition during quartz dissolution by cooling magmatic-hydrothermal fluids:The Bingham porphyry.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,235,1-2,229-243
[19]Gilg,H.A.,M.Boni,N.J.Cook,A Special Issue devoted to Nonsulfide Zn-Pb Deposits.Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33,2,115-116
[20]Large,D.,The geology of non-sulfide zinc deposits:An overview.Erzmetall,2001,54,264-274.
[21]Hitzman,M.W.,N.A.Reynolds,D.F.Sangster,C.R.Allen,C.Carman,Classification,genesis,and exploration guides for nonsulfides deposit.Economic Geology,2003,98,685-714.
[22]Balassone,G.,M.Rossi,M.Boni,et al.,Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of nonsulfide Zn-Pb mineralization at Silvermines and Galmoy(Irish Midlands).Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33,2,168-186
[23]国务院新闻办.中国的矿产资源政策白皮书.中国地质调查局网站http://www.cgs.gov.cn.2003
[24]张世涛,冯明刚.滇东南地区泥盆纪沉积地层学研究.云南地质,1999(18):382-391
[25]云南省地质局.1:20万.马关幅区域地质调查报告(地质部分).1976
[26]郑庆鳌,俞国芬,王维贤.云南地质(断裂)构造骨架新认识.云南地质.2005,25(2):119-124
[27]李东旭,许顺山.变质核杂岩的旋钮成因.地质评论,2000,3(2): 113-119
[28]吕伟,冯明刚,胡长寿.滇东南南温河地区猛硐岩群变质作用特征.云南地质,2001,20(1):25-33
[29]刘玉平,李朝阳,刘家军.都龙矿床含矿层状夕卡岩成因的地质地球化学证据.矿物学报,2000,12(4):378-383
[30]万哨凯,夏斌,张玉泉.老君山正长岩锆石SHR MP定年.大地构造与成矿学.2005,11(4):552-526
[30]颜丹平,周美夫,王焰.都龙-Song Chay变质穹窿体变形与构造年代.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,7(4):402-412
[31]张洪培,刘继顺,李晓波.滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系.地质找矿论丛.2006,6(2):87-90
[32]云南省地质局.1:20万.马关幅区域地质调查报告(矿产部分).1976
[33]周建平,徐克勤,华仁民等.滇东南喷流沉积块状硫化物特征与矿床成因.矿物学报,1998,6(2):158-168
[34]Herrington,R.,V.Maslennikov,V.Zaykov,et al.,6:Classification of VMS deposits:Lessons from the South Uralides.Ore Geology Reviews,2005,27,1-4,203-237
[35]龚洪波,陈书富.麻栗坡三保银多金属矿床.云南地质,2005,24(3):333-339
[36]郭君,高国建,李西等.马关金矿遥感影像特征及靶区预测.云南地质,2005,24(2):225-231
[37]胡小平.21世纪中国矿产资源产业的定位与政策目标.中国地质矿产经济,2002,(11):17-20
[38]李建国,王暴禄,李丽辉等.云南勘查地球化学发展及应用效果.云南地质.2006,25(2):109-118
[39]李志伟,田敏,刘和林.滇东南地区金矿区域成矿条件及成矿模式.大地构造与成矿学.2000,10(增刊):20-30
[40]刘清双,钟康惠.对老矿山二轮找矿的思考.中国地质.1999,(1):35-36
[41]罗君烈.滇东南钨、锡、铅锌、银矿床的成矿模式.云南地质,1995,12(4):320-332
[42]涂光炽等,中国铅锌矿床,见《中国矿床》编委会,中国矿床(上册),地质出版社,1989
[43]云南省地质矿产局,云南省区域地质志.第1辑,NO:21.北京:地质出版社,1-728,1982
[2]Nutman,A.P.,K.Ehlers,Evidence for multiple Palaeoproterozoic thermal events and magmatism adjacent to the Broken Hill Pb-Zn-Ag orebody,Australia.Precambrian Research,1998,90,3-4,203-238
[3]Symons,D.T.A.,HYC(McArthur River) SEDEX deposit,Australia:First paleomagnetic results.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,89,1-3,380-383
[4]Large,R.R.,S.W.Bull,P.J.McGoldrick,Lithogeochemical halos and geochemical vectors to stratiform sediment hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits:Part 2.HYC deposit,McArthur River,Northern Territory.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2000,68,1-2,105-126
[5]Ford,A.,T.G.Blenkinsop,Combining fractal analysis of mineral deposit clustering with weights of evidence to evaluate patterns of mineralization:Application to copper deposits of the Mount Isa Inlier,NW Queensland,Australia.Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33,3-4,435-450
[6]Oliver,N.H.S.,K.M.Butera,M.J.Rubenach,et al.,The protracted hydrothermal evolution of the Mount Isa Eastern Succession:A review and tectonic implications.Precambrian Research,2008,163,1-2,108-130
[7]Pirajno,F.,and L.Bagas,A review of Australia's Proterozoic mineral systems and genetic models.Precambrian Research,2008,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 22
[8]Gregory,M.J.,B.F.Schaefer,R.R.Keays,A.R.Wilde,The Mount Isa copper deposit:An example of a crustal metal source with a mantle signature.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70,18,A216
[9]Taylor,B.E.,Biogenic and thermogenic sulfate reduction in the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit,British Columbia(Canada):Evidence from micro-isotopic analysis of carbonate and sulfide in bedded ores.Chemical Geology,2004,204,3-4,215-236
[10]Garven,G.,J.P.Raffensperger,J.A.Dumoulin,D.A.Bradley,L.E.Young,K.D.Kelley,D.L.Leach,Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the CarboniferousKuna Basin,Alaska:implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb__Zn__Ag__Ba ore district.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2003,78-79,215-219
[11]Kesler,S.E.,M.Reich,M.Jean,Geochemistry of fluid inclusion brines from Earth's oldest Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) deposits,Transvaal Supergroup,South Africa.Chemical Geology,2007,237,3-4,274-288
[12]Kendrick,M.A.,R.Burgess,D.Harrison,A.Bjφrlykke,Noble gas and halogen evidence for the origin of Scandinavian sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn deposits.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69,1,109-129
[13]Barrie,C.T.,M.D.Hannington,Classification of volcanicassociated massive sulfide deposits based on host-rock composition.Reviews in Economic Geology,1999,8,1-12.
[14]Gibson,H.,J.M.Franklin,M.D.Hannington,A genetic model for volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits,an overview of progress made and problems remaining.GeoCanada,2000-The Millennium Geoscience Summit,Conference Abstract,vol.758,4 pp.
[15]Solomon,M.,F.Tornos,R.R.Large,J.N.P.Badham,et al.,Zn-Pb-Cu volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits:criteria for distinguishing brine pool-type from black smoker-type sulphide deposition.Ore Geology Reviews,2004,25,3-4,259-283
[16]Solomon,M.,Brine pool deposition for the Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulphide deposits of the Bathurst mining camp,New Brunswick,Canada.Ⅰ.Comparisons with the Iberian pyrite belt.Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33,3-4,329-351
[17]Ohmoto,H.,B.J.Skinner(Eds.),The Kuroko and Related Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits.Economic Geology,1983,5,604
[18]Landtwing,M.R.,T.Pettke,W.E.Halter,et al.,Copper deposition during quartz dissolution by cooling magmatic-hydrothermal fluids:The Bingham porphyry.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,235,1-2,229-243
[19]Gilg,H.A.,M.Boni,N.J.Cook,A Special Issue devoted to Nonsulfide Zn-Pb Deposits.Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33,2,115-116
[20]Large,D.,The geology of non-sulfide zinc deposits:An overview.Erzmetall,2001,54,264-274.
[21]Hitzman,M.W.,N.A.Reynolds,D.F.Sangster,C.R.Allen,C.Carman,Classification,genesis,and exploration guides for nonsulfides deposit.Economic Geology,2003,98,685-714.
[22]Balassone,G.,M.Rossi,M.Boni,et al.,Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of nonsulfide Zn-Pb mineralization at Silvermines and Galmoy(Irish Midlands).Ore Geology Reviews,2008,33,2,168-186
[23]国务院新闻办.中国的矿产资源政策白皮书.中国地质调查局网站http://www.cgs.gov.cn.2003
[24]张世涛,冯明刚.滇东南地区泥盆纪沉积地层学研究.云南地质,1999(18):382-391
[25]云南省地质局.1:20万.马关幅区域地质调查报告(地质部分).1976
[26]郑庆鳌,俞国芬,王维贤.云南地质(断裂)构造骨架新认识.云南地质.2005,25(2):119-124
[27]李东旭,许顺山.变质核杂岩的旋钮成因.地质评论,2000,3(2): 113-119
[28]吕伟,冯明刚,胡长寿.滇东南南温河地区猛硐岩群变质作用特征.云南地质,2001,20(1):25-33
[29]刘玉平,李朝阳,刘家军.都龙矿床含矿层状夕卡岩成因的地质地球化学证据.矿物学报,2000,12(4):378-383
[30]万哨凯,夏斌,张玉泉.老君山正长岩锆石SHR MP定年.大地构造与成矿学.2005,11(4):552-526
[30]颜丹平,周美夫,王焰.都龙-Song Chay变质穹窿体变形与构造年代.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,7(4):402-412
[31]张洪培,刘继顺,李晓波.滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系.地质找矿论丛.2006,6(2):87-90
[32]云南省地质局.1:20万.马关幅区域地质调查报告(矿产部分).1976
[33]周建平,徐克勤,华仁民等.滇东南喷流沉积块状硫化物特征与矿床成因.矿物学报,1998,6(2):158-168
[34]Herrington,R.,V.Maslennikov,V.Zaykov,et al.,6:Classification of VMS deposits:Lessons from the South Uralides.Ore Geology Reviews,2005,27,1-4,203-237
[35]龚洪波,陈书富.麻栗坡三保银多金属矿床.云南地质,2005,24(3):333-339
[36]郭君,高国建,李西等.马关金矿遥感影像特征及靶区预测.云南地质,2005,24(2):225-231
[37]胡小平.21世纪中国矿产资源产业的定位与政策目标.中国地质矿产经济,2002,(11):17-20
[38]李建国,王暴禄,李丽辉等.云南勘查地球化学发展及应用效果.云南地质.2006,25(2):109-118
[39]李志伟,田敏,刘和林.滇东南地区金矿区域成矿条件及成矿模式.大地构造与成矿学.2000,10(增刊):20-30
[40]刘清双,钟康惠.对老矿山二轮找矿的思考.中国地质.1999,(1):35-36
[41]罗君烈.滇东南钨、锡、铅锌、银矿床的成矿模式.云南地质,1995,12(4):320-332
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