干气密封螺旋槽润滑气膜的稳、动态特性研究
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摘要
干气密封技术源于国外,我国的干气密封产品长期以来主要依赖进口,干气密封技术的研究以及产品的开发尚处于起步阶段,还未建立起一套完整的干气密封产品设计、开发以及制造体系.因此,开展气体润密封技术的研究对于提高我国密封技术的整体水平,具有重要的现实意义。
本文以螺旋槽干气密封为研究对象,对螺旋槽干气密封气体润滑膜的流动特性进行研究,从理论计算和实验验证两个方面来研究干气密封槽内气体的动力学特性,分析槽形几何参数对密封性能的影响及影响程度,目的是寻求密封性能最佳的端面结构参数,实现槽形参数的最佳组合。
从N-S方程出发,基于微尺度流动中的滑移边界条件,推导了螺旋槽内稳态微尺度流动场的非线性雷诺方程。应用PH线性化方法,将非线性偏微分方程转化为线性偏微分方程,再引入复函数将复常数偏微分方程又变为两个线性实常数微分方程组,并采用小参数迭代法进行求解,近似求得了螺旋槽内气体动压分布的解析解。继而可求出气体流速分布及泄漏量的大小,与相应的实验数据对比,计算结果和实验结果基本符合,为干气密封的优化设计提供了参考。
利用多目标优化方法构建了气膜刚度与泄漏量之比的协调函数,并对该目标函数通过软件maple进行实例近似求解,获得了最佳的螺旋槽几何参数值。本文求出的刚漏比协调函数是一无量纲式,具有普遍适用性。利用该式可获得在不同工艺操作条件下的最佳螺旋槽几何参数值,为干气密封工程优化设计提供了可靠的理论依据。
应用PH线性化方法及变分运算干气密封螺旋槽内瞬态微尺度流动场的非线性雷诺方程,得到了气膜轴向刚度和角向涡动刚度的解析式。继而利用复数转换和迭代法对稳态下气膜边值问题进行求解,求得了气膜刚度的近似解析解。通过动态稳定性分析,获得了不同介质粘度、压力和转速下稳定性最佳的螺旋角数值。研究结果表明:随介质压力和转速增大,气膜刚度越大,稳定性越好。
在成都一通密封有限公司的18000转/分高速离心压缩机密封试验台上对串联式离心压缩机YTG-CTII型螺旋槽干气密封系统进行了试验研究。完成了气体端面密封试验台的测试系统的总体方案设计、测试系统的硬件配置。测试了泄漏量、功耗和气膜轴向刚度,给出了气体端面密封试验的测试结果,并与理论计算近似值比较,进行误差分析。试验测出数值与计算结果较为吻合,表明本文所建立的螺旋槽干气密封端面间气体流动过程力学和数学模型是正确的,所编制的近似计算程序是可行的。
The technology of dry gas seal comes from the developed industrial countries, and our products have relied on import for a long time.Our research on the dry gas seal technology and development of its product are just at the beginning stage.The whole system of design,development and manufacture of dry gas seal product has not yet been set up.Therefore carrying out its research has important significance for improving our level of dry gas seal technology.
The paper takes spiral groove dry gas seal as research project,whose gaseous film flow and dynamical property are studied by theoretical calculation and experimental verification,and the influence as well as influence degree of the spiral groove's geometric parameters on the seal performance are analyzed,in order to find out optimized geometric parameters and obtain its optimum values.
Based on the N-S equation and slip boundary condition,a nonlinear Reynolds equation for a steady-state and micro-scale flow field was derived.Using PH linearization,the nonlinear partial differential equation can be transformed into the linear partial differential equation,and then using complex function it can be transformed into two linear differential equation again.The problem was solved by using small parameter iterative method,and the approximate function expression of gas dynamic pressure in the spiral groove was obtained,and then the solution of flow velocity and spillage were found out,The calculating results in this paper agree well with the experimental one in the reference.It's useful for optimization design of gas seals about geometric parameters.
Using multi-objective optimization method,a trade-off function of rigidity-to-spillage ratio was derived and optimized geometric parameters were acquired by solving the objective function under soft Maple programme.The given trade-off function of rigidity-to-spillage ratio was a nondimensional equation with universal adaptivity,so optimized geometric parameters under different process condition were obtained by solving it,which offers reliability theory foundation for optimization design of gas seals.
Using PH linearization and variation method,A nonlinear Reynolds equation for a transient state and micro-scale flow field was solved,and the approximate function expressions of gaseous film rigidity on axial perturbation and angular eddy motion were derived.And then the steady-state boundary value problem for gaseous film was solved by using complex function and small parameter iterative method, and the approximate solutions of gaseous film rigidity were obtained.The best helix angles under different dielectric viscosity,pressure and rotating speed were acquired by analyzing the dynamic stability.The result shows that gaseous film rigidity will rise and its stability will be better when the pressure and rotating speed increase.
The experimental investigation of a YTG-CTⅡtype of groove dry gas seal was conducted on the 1800r/min high-speed centrifugal compressor test device in ChengDu YiTong Seal Co.,Ltd.The research finished overall plan of instrumentation system and hardware eonfignration,tested leakage,power lose and gaseous film rigidity,obtained test results and analyzed error between test and calculation data. Comparing some data from experiments with that of approximate calculation,the results show that dynamical and mathematical model of the gas flow between seal faces is validated correctly,and the developed program of approximate analysis method is practicable.
本文以螺旋槽干气密封为研究对象,对螺旋槽干气密封气体润滑膜的流动特性进行研究,从理论计算和实验验证两个方面来研究干气密封槽内气体的动力学特性,分析槽形几何参数对密封性能的影响及影响程度,目的是寻求密封性能最佳的端面结构参数,实现槽形参数的最佳组合。
从N-S方程出发,基于微尺度流动中的滑移边界条件,推导了螺旋槽内稳态微尺度流动场的非线性雷诺方程。应用PH线性化方法,将非线性偏微分方程转化为线性偏微分方程,再引入复函数将复常数偏微分方程又变为两个线性实常数微分方程组,并采用小参数迭代法进行求解,近似求得了螺旋槽内气体动压分布的解析解。继而可求出气体流速分布及泄漏量的大小,与相应的实验数据对比,计算结果和实验结果基本符合,为干气密封的优化设计提供了参考。
利用多目标优化方法构建了气膜刚度与泄漏量之比的协调函数,并对该目标函数通过软件maple进行实例近似求解,获得了最佳的螺旋槽几何参数值。本文求出的刚漏比协调函数是一无量纲式,具有普遍适用性。利用该式可获得在不同工艺操作条件下的最佳螺旋槽几何参数值,为干气密封工程优化设计提供了可靠的理论依据。
应用PH线性化方法及变分运算干气密封螺旋槽内瞬态微尺度流动场的非线性雷诺方程,得到了气膜轴向刚度和角向涡动刚度的解析式。继而利用复数转换和迭代法对稳态下气膜边值问题进行求解,求得了气膜刚度的近似解析解。通过动态稳定性分析,获得了不同介质粘度、压力和转速下稳定性最佳的螺旋角数值。研究结果表明:随介质压力和转速增大,气膜刚度越大,稳定性越好。
在成都一通密封有限公司的18000转/分高速离心压缩机密封试验台上对串联式离心压缩机YTG-CTII型螺旋槽干气密封系统进行了试验研究。完成了气体端面密封试验台的测试系统的总体方案设计、测试系统的硬件配置。测试了泄漏量、功耗和气膜轴向刚度,给出了气体端面密封试验的测试结果,并与理论计算近似值比较,进行误差分析。试验测出数值与计算结果较为吻合,表明本文所建立的螺旋槽干气密封端面间气体流动过程力学和数学模型是正确的,所编制的近似计算程序是可行的。
The technology of dry gas seal comes from the developed industrial countries, and our products have relied on import for a long time.Our research on the dry gas seal technology and development of its product are just at the beginning stage.The whole system of design,development and manufacture of dry gas seal product has not yet been set up.Therefore carrying out its research has important significance for improving our level of dry gas seal technology.
The paper takes spiral groove dry gas seal as research project,whose gaseous film flow and dynamical property are studied by theoretical calculation and experimental verification,and the influence as well as influence degree of the spiral groove's geometric parameters on the seal performance are analyzed,in order to find out optimized geometric parameters and obtain its optimum values.
Based on the N-S equation and slip boundary condition,a nonlinear Reynolds equation for a steady-state and micro-scale flow field was derived.Using PH linearization,the nonlinear partial differential equation can be transformed into the linear partial differential equation,and then using complex function it can be transformed into two linear differential equation again.The problem was solved by using small parameter iterative method,and the approximate function expression of gas dynamic pressure in the spiral groove was obtained,and then the solution of flow velocity and spillage were found out,The calculating results in this paper agree well with the experimental one in the reference.It's useful for optimization design of gas seals about geometric parameters.
Using multi-objective optimization method,a trade-off function of rigidity-to-spillage ratio was derived and optimized geometric parameters were acquired by solving the objective function under soft Maple programme.The given trade-off function of rigidity-to-spillage ratio was a nondimensional equation with universal adaptivity,so optimized geometric parameters under different process condition were obtained by solving it,which offers reliability theory foundation for optimization design of gas seals.
Using PH linearization and variation method,A nonlinear Reynolds equation for a transient state and micro-scale flow field was solved,and the approximate function expressions of gaseous film rigidity on axial perturbation and angular eddy motion were derived.And then the steady-state boundary value problem for gaseous film was solved by using complex function and small parameter iterative method, and the approximate solutions of gaseous film rigidity were obtained.The best helix angles under different dielectric viscosity,pressure and rotating speed were acquired by analyzing the dynamic stability.The result shows that gaseous film rigidity will rise and its stability will be better when the pressure and rotating speed increase.
The experimental investigation of a YTG-CTⅡtype of groove dry gas seal was conducted on the 1800r/min high-speed centrifugal compressor test device in ChengDu YiTong Seal Co.,Ltd.The research finished overall plan of instrumentation system and hardware eonfignration,tested leakage,power lose and gaseous film rigidity,obtained test results and analyzed error between test and calculation data. Comparing some data from experiments with that of approximate calculation,the results show that dynamical and mathematical model of the gas flow between seal faces is validated correctly,and the developed program of approximate analysis method is practicable.
引文
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