基于GIS的水环境信息管理系统研发
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摘要
本文以上海浦东新区为主要研究对象，基于GIS技术研制水环境管理信息系统。在充分分析水环境管理业务需求的基础上，系统设计采用先进的经纬结构方法。运用动态库技术，系统开发采用模块化分解，一体化集成。系统开发平台为MapInfo7+MapX5+Delphi7+ASP+SQLServer2000。系统运行架构为客户端／服务器(C／S)结构。系统功能实现了：(1)水环境动态评价。评价计算不受区域、时间、评价标准限制，评价模块运行不受数据库库表结构限制。(2)水环境通报动态生成。水环境通报图表可自动生成，通报以Web形式发布。(3)水量水质动态模拟。应用计算数学及环境水力学的基本理论与方法，模型对平原河网的水力、水质特性进行了一维耦合数值模拟。
系统特点为：(1)系统设计与开发面向水环境管理业务类型要求，体现了专业化特色。(2)系统实现了属性数据与空间GIS数据的管理、数值模拟分析一体化。(3)系统业务操作可自行配置，功能可扩展，界面友好。
Based on the research of water environment information in Pudong in this paper, I develop PuDong hydrology manage information system based on GIS .On the basis of what's user demands, the system adopt predetermination longitude-latitude design method .The system depart into models .The modules encapsulate DU by Delphi and communicate by interface of pre-definition. The system adopt Client/Server structure .The system program by MapInfo7,MapX5,Delphi7,ASP and SqlServer2000. The System include date transfer module, Water environment evaluation model ,GIS manipulate, water environment report edit model and one-dimension numerical simulating hydraulics and water quality features of river model .Particular as follow: (l)Water environment evaluation model can compute region by user definition and has no restrict of database structure .It can be adapt to different department's demand by simple setting. (2)The system can auto come to being water environment report in the form of html.(3)According to numerical mathem
atics and environmental hydromechanics, one-dimension numerical simulating models is established in the module ,which can be used to forecast hydraulics and water quality features of river networks.
The system's characteristic as follows: (l)The system structure incarnates speciality of hydrology. (2)The system can behave attribute date and GIS date and provide simulating method of hydrologic and water quality for river networks.(3)The system interface is friendly and the system menu and pop menu can be designed by user.
系统特点为：(1)系统设计与开发面向水环境管理业务类型要求，体现了专业化特色。(2)系统实现了属性数据与空间GIS数据的管理、数值模拟分析一体化。(3)系统业务操作可自行配置，功能可扩展，界面友好。
Based on the research of water environment information in Pudong in this paper, I develop PuDong hydrology manage information system based on GIS .On the basis of what's user demands, the system adopt predetermination longitude-latitude design method .The system depart into models .The modules encapsulate DU by Delphi and communicate by interface of pre-definition. The system adopt Client/Server structure .The system program by MapInfo7,MapX5,Delphi7,ASP and SqlServer2000. The System include date transfer module, Water environment evaluation model ,GIS manipulate, water environment report edit model and one-dimension numerical simulating hydraulics and water quality features of river model .Particular as follow: (l)Water environment evaluation model can compute region by user definition and has no restrict of database structure .It can be adapt to different department's demand by simple setting. (2)The system can auto come to being water environment report in the form of html.(3)According to numerical mathem
atics and environmental hydromechanics, one-dimension numerical simulating models is established in the module ,which can be used to forecast hydraulics and water quality features of river networks.
The system's characteristic as follows: (l)The system structure incarnates speciality of hydrology. (2)The system can behave attribute date and GIS date and provide simulating method of hydrologic and water quality for river networks.(3)The system interface is friendly and the system menu and pop menu can be designed by user.
引文
[1]陈述彭．地理信息系统导论，1999，科学出版社
[2]邬伦等．地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用，2001，科学出版社
[3]刘刚．法国水环境管理体制初探．治淮，2002，8
[4]曾维华，张庆丰，杨志峰．国内外水环境管理体制对比分析．重庆环境科学，2003，25(1)
[5]Gye Woon Choi，Shang Jin Ahn．韩国水资源与水环境管理总体计划．水利水电技术，2003，34(1)
[6]李旭祥．GIS在环境科学与工程中的应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[7]肖青，马蔚纯，张超．基于ArcView的空间型苏州河环境信息系统原型研究．环境科学研究，12(2)，1998
[8]孙启宏等．利用动态分段技术进行河流一维水质扩散模拟研究．中国地理信息系统协会第三界年会论文集，1997
[9]丁贤荣．水务信息系统讲义，河海大学水资源环境学院，2004
[10]王船海，李光炽．实用河网水流计算．河海大学出版社，2002
[11]褚君达，徐惠慈．河网水质模型及数值模拟．河海大学学报．1992 20(1)
[12]褚君达．河网对流输移问题的求解及应用．水利学报．1994(10)
[13]陈阳宇．大型潮汐河网水质模型的求解方法及其应用．人民珠江 1995(2)
[14]程文辉．明渠非恒定流计算中双消除法的应用．华东水利学院学报，198513(3)
[15]傅国伟．河流水质数学模型及其模拟计算．中国环境科学出版社．1987
[16]吴寿红．河网非恒定流四级解法．水利学报．1985(8)
[17]叶常明．水环境数学模型的研究进展．环境科学进展．1993 1(1)
[18]徐贵泉，褚君达等．感潮河网水量水质模型及其数值模拟．应用基础与工程科学学报．
[19]张书农．环境水力学．南京：河海大学出版社，1988
[20]邬伦等．地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用，2001，科学出版社
[21]李德仁，关泽群．空间信息系统的集成与实现，2000，武汉测绘科技大学出版社
[22]王家耀．空间信息系统原理，2001，科学出版社
[23]艾自兴．水系综合中河网数据组织及结构，武汉测绘科技大学学报，1995，第20卷增刊
[24]杨文龙，姚淑珍，吴芸．软件工程，电子工业出版社，1993
[25]左一鸣，丁贤荣，崔广柏，基于GIS的水环境评价系统研制，计算机与现代化，2004 1．
[26]李岳生等，河网不恒定流隐式方程组稀疏矩阵解法，中山大学学报(自然科学版)，1997年3月
[27]李义天，河网非恒定流隐式方程组的汊点分组解法，武汉：水利学报，1993年3月
[28]US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center. Water Quality for River-Reservoir Systems (WQRRS), User's Manual [R]. Rev ed. California: CPD-8, Davis, 1985
[29]US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center. HEC-5 Simulation of Flood Control and Conservation Systems, Appendix on Water Quality Analysis [M]. Draft, California: Davis,1986.
[30]Jean A.Cunge, Two-dimensional Modeling of Flood Plains, K.Mahmood and V.Yevjevich(edited), Unsteady Flow in Open Channels, Vol.2, Water Resources Publications, 1975, USA
[31]Chu Junda etc., Unsteady water quality model with multiparameter for river network, Proc.Inter.Sym.On Envir. Hydraulics, Hong Kong, Dec.1991
[32]Brown R T, Barnwell T O. The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS: Documentation and User's Manual[C]. Athens, CA: US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, 1983
[33]Martin J L. Simplified, Steady-State Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Model:[R]. In: Instruction Report E-86-4. Vicksburg, MS: US Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, 1986.
[34]Bauer D P, Jennings M E, Miller J E. One-Dimensional Steady,State Stream Water Quality Model [C]. In: Water Resources Investigation 79-85. Bay St. Louis, MS: US Geological Survey, 1979
[35]Ambrose R B, Wool Y A, Martin J L, et al. WASP5.x, A Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model-Model Theory, User's Manual, and Programmer's Guide [C]. Draft: Environmental Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1993
[36]J．J．Dronkers，河流近海区和外海的潮汐计算，水利水运科技情报，1976年增刊
[37]Ed Roman, Mastering Enterprise JavaBeans and the Java 2 Platform,Enterprise Edition, Publishing House Of Eletronics Industry,2002
[38]http://www.mapinfo.com
[39]http://www.opengis.org
[40]http://www.gischina.com
[41]http://www.mapsky.com
[42]http://www.delphibbs.com
[2]邬伦等．地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用，2001，科学出版社
[3]刘刚．法国水环境管理体制初探．治淮，2002，8
[4]曾维华，张庆丰，杨志峰．国内外水环境管理体制对比分析．重庆环境科学，2003，25(1)
[5]Gye Woon Choi，Shang Jin Ahn．韩国水资源与水环境管理总体计划．水利水电技术，2003，34(1)
[6]李旭祥．GIS在环境科学与工程中的应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[7]肖青，马蔚纯，张超．基于ArcView的空间型苏州河环境信息系统原型研究．环境科学研究，12(2)，1998
[8]孙启宏等．利用动态分段技术进行河流一维水质扩散模拟研究．中国地理信息系统协会第三界年会论文集，1997
[9]丁贤荣．水务信息系统讲义，河海大学水资源环境学院，2004
[10]王船海，李光炽．实用河网水流计算．河海大学出版社，2002
[11]褚君达，徐惠慈．河网水质模型及数值模拟．河海大学学报．1992 20(1)
[12]褚君达．河网对流输移问题的求解及应用．水利学报．1994(10)
[13]陈阳宇．大型潮汐河网水质模型的求解方法及其应用．人民珠江 1995(2)
[14]程文辉．明渠非恒定流计算中双消除法的应用．华东水利学院学报，198513(3)
[15]傅国伟．河流水质数学模型及其模拟计算．中国环境科学出版社．1987
[16]吴寿红．河网非恒定流四级解法．水利学报．1985(8)
[17]叶常明．水环境数学模型的研究进展．环境科学进展．1993 1(1)
[18]徐贵泉，褚君达等．感潮河网水量水质模型及其数值模拟．应用基础与工程科学学报．
[19]张书农．环境水力学．南京：河海大学出版社，1988
[20]邬伦等．地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用，2001，科学出版社
[21]李德仁，关泽群．空间信息系统的集成与实现，2000，武汉测绘科技大学出版社
[22]王家耀．空间信息系统原理，2001，科学出版社
[23]艾自兴．水系综合中河网数据组织及结构，武汉测绘科技大学学报，1995，第20卷增刊
[24]杨文龙，姚淑珍，吴芸．软件工程，电子工业出版社，1993
[25]左一鸣，丁贤荣，崔广柏，基于GIS的水环境评价系统研制，计算机与现代化，2004 1．
[26]李岳生等，河网不恒定流隐式方程组稀疏矩阵解法，中山大学学报(自然科学版)，1997年3月
[27]李义天，河网非恒定流隐式方程组的汊点分组解法，武汉：水利学报，1993年3月
[28]US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center. Water Quality for River-Reservoir Systems (WQRRS), User's Manual [R]. Rev ed. California: CPD-8, Davis, 1985
[29]US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center. HEC-5 Simulation of Flood Control and Conservation Systems, Appendix on Water Quality Analysis [M]. Draft, California: Davis,1986.
[30]Jean A.Cunge, Two-dimensional Modeling of Flood Plains, K.Mahmood and V.Yevjevich(edited), Unsteady Flow in Open Channels, Vol.2, Water Resources Publications, 1975, USA
[31]Chu Junda etc., Unsteady water quality model with multiparameter for river network, Proc.Inter.Sym.On Envir. Hydraulics, Hong Kong, Dec.1991
[32]Brown R T, Barnwell T O. The Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS: Documentation and User's Manual[C]. Athens, CA: US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, 1983
[33]Martin J L. Simplified, Steady-State Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Model:[R]. In: Instruction Report E-86-4. Vicksburg, MS: US Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, 1986.
[34]Bauer D P, Jennings M E, Miller J E. One-Dimensional Steady,State Stream Water Quality Model [C]. In: Water Resources Investigation 79-85. Bay St. Louis, MS: US Geological Survey, 1979
[35]Ambrose R B, Wool Y A, Martin J L, et al. WASP5.x, A Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model-Model Theory, User's Manual, and Programmer's Guide [C]. Draft: Environmental Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1993
[36]J．J．Dronkers，河流近海区和外海的潮汐计算，水利水运科技情报，1976年增刊
[37]Ed Roman, Mastering Enterprise JavaBeans and the Java 2 Platform,Enterprise Edition, Publishing House Of Eletronics Industry,2002
[38]http://www.mapinfo.com
[39]http://www.opengis.org
[40]http://www.gischina.com
[41]http://www.mapsky.com
[42]http://www.delphibbs.com