异构/融合网络中端到端服务质量控制与管理的研究
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摘要
现如今,通信网络结构正在向异构融合和泛在化的方向不断演进。以用户需求为中心,协调调用各类网络资源,共同完成具有端到端质量保证的业务提供,已成为当前异构／融合网络的首要任务。结合异构／融合网络结构特点,本文提出将网络控制与管理机制相结合的端到端QoS保障体系,并对其中关键问题展开具体研究。作为作者在服务质量保证领域研究工作的重要总结,论文内容涵盖了网络信息动态管理、QoS参数综合映射、用户体验量化分析、业务质量综合评价及无线网络资源优化等多个方面。主要创新成果如下：
1)提出层次化的端到端QoS保障体系架构。架构结合信息综合采集、整体数据分析、策略信息反馈、网络资源调整四个阶段,实现端到端动态业务质量保证的闭环流程。分层次的结构设计与模块化的功能调用方式将服务提供从传输细节中分离出来,使体系架构更加适合异构／融合的网络环境。同时,架构的提出对全文起到了提纲挈领的作用,是全文其他研究点的依托平台。通过各研究点业务实例在体系架构中的实现,使其优越性得以具体体现。
2)提出适用于复杂业务提供的分布式SLA信息管理方法。其核心思想是将承载业务抽象为各类业务基础特征的集合,将对业务SLA的管理转化为对业务基础特征进行的分布式管理。该方法采用总线调用的形式对业务基础特征SLA进行灵活组合,通过UML建模将SLA需求转化为系统可识别的QoS参数,并结合监控、服从及违规模块共同形成完备的SLA信息管理架构。其中,基于业务基础特征的SLA设计方式可以有效简化SLA模版制定流程,同时层次化的总线调用形式更利于实现对SLA信息的集成和灵活管理。
3)就端到端的QoS参数映射分别从垂直和水平两个角度进行了不同的实现,以确保用户体验指标、业务质量指标及各网络资源参数指标在业务提供过程中的一致性。面向垂直映射,提出建立统一层次映射表的解决方式,分步完成参数自用户层经由业务层向网络层的映射过程。选取彩信业务,针对其流程和用户使用特点完成具体垂直映射实例,验证方法有效。面向水平映射,提出基于业务参数子等级的动态资源映射方案,通过构建参数控制实体(CQA/AQA)实现在业务子等级间映射资源的动态调整。UMTS-IP-WLAN网络平台中的仿真结果表明,水平映射方案的使用不仅可以实现对网络参数的动态映射,还可以使该场景中的网络服务能力得到近30%左右的提升。
4)提出基于用户感知的综合业务质量评价体系,从定性和定量两个角度实现对业务质量的综合评测。首先,提出完整的用户体验信息提取流程和量化方法；其次,引入模糊层次分析法建立用户体验与服务质量参数间的对应关系；最后,结合定性和定量两个方面构建综合业务质量评价体系,完成从参数采集到综合评价的一体化流程。选取现网语音业务作为验证实例,数据分析结果表明影响该时段业务质量评价的最关键指标为“掉话率”,在进一步的网络运营中需要对此指标进行严格的监控与保障。同时该体系在业务质量评价和指导网络性能优化方面的有效性也得到了相应验证。
5)提出基于忙时吞吐量分析的网络质量评价及优化算法。以“忙时吞吐量”作为考察网络质量的重要参考指标,在对忙时网络质量和用户体验进行合理评价的基础上,通过优化网络信道资源的方式实现网络总体服务水平的提升。在对EDGE网络监测数据进行的仿真实验中,算法采用自适应的方式动态检测网络忙时时段,并以用户体验质量为“差”的忙时网络参数值作为参考,调整数据信道资源分配将总体网络质量优化至等级“好”。从而验证了算法的有效性和实用性。
6)以优化网络运营指标为目的,提出基于业务“价格带宽比PpB"参数的无线网络接纳控制机制。算法根据对各接入业务PpB值的比较结果,调整网络资源在不同业务等级中的具体分配,进而实现用户满意度与运营商收益间的双赢。搭建WLAN网络多等级业务接纳控制仿真场景进行算法验证。仿真结果表明,在相同网络资源和业务接入的情况下,接入控制算法的使用不仅可以在一定程度上提高网络的业务承载能力,还可以有效的解决网络资源提供和运营收益之间的矛盾,在保证用户满意度的同时,增加网络运营效率。
Nowadays the developing of telecommunication network architecture is in the progress of becoming more heterogeneous and ubiquitous. The main task of heterogeneous and convergence network is achieving customer required end-to-end service quality with the coordination of different network recourses. From the view point of QoS management and control mechanisms combination, this dissertation put forward a heterogeneous and convergence network-oriented layered QoS architecture with the intensive research of relative specific QoS mechanisms. As an important integration of author research work, the content of this dissertation contains network information dynamic management, QoS parameters mapping, customer experience analysis, service quality assessment and operation-based network resource optimism. The principle innovation achievements are as follows:
1. A novel hierarchical QoS architecture is proposed. In this architecture, end-to-end service quality could be achieved with a close-loop QoS provision process, which combined with four different phases-information collection, data analysis, policy feedback and resource modified. With layered-based and module-composed structure, this architecture could minimize the affection of heterogeneous networks and optimize the dynamic network adaption. Also as the foundation of the whole thesis, this architecture put out a general idea of end-to-end QoS provision for the detail research points description.
2. A distributed SLA information management mechanism is put forward for complex services provide application. Construct the completed SLA management architecture with monitoring, compliance and violation modules, in which service SLA could be composed by base-feature specifics and SLA requirements could be mapped to relative QoS parameters by UML modeling. With proper architecture development, this mechanism can effectively simplify the definition process of SLA model and realize flexible SLA information management.
3. Mapping heterogeneous network QoS parameters from both vertical and horizontal aspects, build up a completed end-to-end service parameter mapping system. For the vertical mapping, construct a general layered index template and take MMS service as an example to map customer experience to relative network parameters. For the horizontal mapping, put forward a sublevel-based network layer parameter mapping method that can dynamically adjust network resource with mapping entities CQA and AQA. Establish an UMTS-IP-WLAN heterogeneous network scenario to verify the horizontal mapping method. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of mapping dynamicity (30% improvement) and network resource optimization.
4. Take both service parameters and customer satisfaction in to account, build an integrated service quality evaluate system that can assess telecommunication services from both quantitative and qualitative viewpoints. In this system, multiple-levels service could be valued in technical layer and the relationship between customer and quality indexes could be formed with the application of FAHP algorithm. Validate evaluation system with voice service analysis, and "Dropped Call Rate" is shown as the most effective index in voice system. The results demonstrate this system can not only assess services accurately, but also give effective support to the network parameter optimization.
5. Aims to upgrade the customer experience, a novel "Busy Time Throughput (BTT)"- based service quality optimization algorithm is proposed in data wireless network. With self-adaptive network quality monitoring mechanism, this algorithm can achieve the redistribution of network data channels and promote the whole network experience quality to well. Implement service simulation in EDGE network scenario, the effective of real-time network status detection and optimization is verified.
6. Aim to optimize operation value, take "Price per Bandwidth (PpB)" parameter as the service admission reference value and design a network operation-oriented admission control mechanism in wireless network optimization. With the comparisons of services'PpB value, network resources could be adjusted in the acceptable range of customer experience and achieve the Service Providers operation profit. The simulation results verified that this mechanism could improve the bandwidth utilization in multi-service network, and at the same time promote both customer satisfaction and Service Provider operating income.
1)提出层次化的端到端QoS保障体系架构。架构结合信息综合采集、整体数据分析、策略信息反馈、网络资源调整四个阶段,实现端到端动态业务质量保证的闭环流程。分层次的结构设计与模块化的功能调用方式将服务提供从传输细节中分离出来,使体系架构更加适合异构／融合的网络环境。同时,架构的提出对全文起到了提纲挈领的作用,是全文其他研究点的依托平台。通过各研究点业务实例在体系架构中的实现,使其优越性得以具体体现。
2)提出适用于复杂业务提供的分布式SLA信息管理方法。其核心思想是将承载业务抽象为各类业务基础特征的集合,将对业务SLA的管理转化为对业务基础特征进行的分布式管理。该方法采用总线调用的形式对业务基础特征SLA进行灵活组合,通过UML建模将SLA需求转化为系统可识别的QoS参数,并结合监控、服从及违规模块共同形成完备的SLA信息管理架构。其中,基于业务基础特征的SLA设计方式可以有效简化SLA模版制定流程,同时层次化的总线调用形式更利于实现对SLA信息的集成和灵活管理。
3)就端到端的QoS参数映射分别从垂直和水平两个角度进行了不同的实现,以确保用户体验指标、业务质量指标及各网络资源参数指标在业务提供过程中的一致性。面向垂直映射,提出建立统一层次映射表的解决方式,分步完成参数自用户层经由业务层向网络层的映射过程。选取彩信业务,针对其流程和用户使用特点完成具体垂直映射实例,验证方法有效。面向水平映射,提出基于业务参数子等级的动态资源映射方案,通过构建参数控制实体(CQA/AQA)实现在业务子等级间映射资源的动态调整。UMTS-IP-WLAN网络平台中的仿真结果表明,水平映射方案的使用不仅可以实现对网络参数的动态映射,还可以使该场景中的网络服务能力得到近30%左右的提升。
4)提出基于用户感知的综合业务质量评价体系,从定性和定量两个角度实现对业务质量的综合评测。首先,提出完整的用户体验信息提取流程和量化方法；其次,引入模糊层次分析法建立用户体验与服务质量参数间的对应关系；最后,结合定性和定量两个方面构建综合业务质量评价体系,完成从参数采集到综合评价的一体化流程。选取现网语音业务作为验证实例,数据分析结果表明影响该时段业务质量评价的最关键指标为“掉话率”,在进一步的网络运营中需要对此指标进行严格的监控与保障。同时该体系在业务质量评价和指导网络性能优化方面的有效性也得到了相应验证。
5)提出基于忙时吞吐量分析的网络质量评价及优化算法。以“忙时吞吐量”作为考察网络质量的重要参考指标,在对忙时网络质量和用户体验进行合理评价的基础上,通过优化网络信道资源的方式实现网络总体服务水平的提升。在对EDGE网络监测数据进行的仿真实验中,算法采用自适应的方式动态检测网络忙时时段,并以用户体验质量为“差”的忙时网络参数值作为参考,调整数据信道资源分配将总体网络质量优化至等级“好”。从而验证了算法的有效性和实用性。
6)以优化网络运营指标为目的,提出基于业务“价格带宽比PpB"参数的无线网络接纳控制机制。算法根据对各接入业务PpB值的比较结果,调整网络资源在不同业务等级中的具体分配,进而实现用户满意度与运营商收益间的双赢。搭建WLAN网络多等级业务接纳控制仿真场景进行算法验证。仿真结果表明,在相同网络资源和业务接入的情况下,接入控制算法的使用不仅可以在一定程度上提高网络的业务承载能力,还可以有效的解决网络资源提供和运营收益之间的矛盾,在保证用户满意度的同时,增加网络运营效率。
Nowadays the developing of telecommunication network architecture is in the progress of becoming more heterogeneous and ubiquitous. The main task of heterogeneous and convergence network is achieving customer required end-to-end service quality with the coordination of different network recourses. From the view point of QoS management and control mechanisms combination, this dissertation put forward a heterogeneous and convergence network-oriented layered QoS architecture with the intensive research of relative specific QoS mechanisms. As an important integration of author research work, the content of this dissertation contains network information dynamic management, QoS parameters mapping, customer experience analysis, service quality assessment and operation-based network resource optimism. The principle innovation achievements are as follows:
1. A novel hierarchical QoS architecture is proposed. In this architecture, end-to-end service quality could be achieved with a close-loop QoS provision process, which combined with four different phases-information collection, data analysis, policy feedback and resource modified. With layered-based and module-composed structure, this architecture could minimize the affection of heterogeneous networks and optimize the dynamic network adaption. Also as the foundation of the whole thesis, this architecture put out a general idea of end-to-end QoS provision for the detail research points description.
2. A distributed SLA information management mechanism is put forward for complex services provide application. Construct the completed SLA management architecture with monitoring, compliance and violation modules, in which service SLA could be composed by base-feature specifics and SLA requirements could be mapped to relative QoS parameters by UML modeling. With proper architecture development, this mechanism can effectively simplify the definition process of SLA model and realize flexible SLA information management.
3. Mapping heterogeneous network QoS parameters from both vertical and horizontal aspects, build up a completed end-to-end service parameter mapping system. For the vertical mapping, construct a general layered index template and take MMS service as an example to map customer experience to relative network parameters. For the horizontal mapping, put forward a sublevel-based network layer parameter mapping method that can dynamically adjust network resource with mapping entities CQA and AQA. Establish an UMTS-IP-WLAN heterogeneous network scenario to verify the horizontal mapping method. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of mapping dynamicity (30% improvement) and network resource optimization.
4. Take both service parameters and customer satisfaction in to account, build an integrated service quality evaluate system that can assess telecommunication services from both quantitative and qualitative viewpoints. In this system, multiple-levels service could be valued in technical layer and the relationship between customer and quality indexes could be formed with the application of FAHP algorithm. Validate evaluation system with voice service analysis, and "Dropped Call Rate" is shown as the most effective index in voice system. The results demonstrate this system can not only assess services accurately, but also give effective support to the network parameter optimization.
5. Aims to upgrade the customer experience, a novel "Busy Time Throughput (BTT)"- based service quality optimization algorithm is proposed in data wireless network. With self-adaptive network quality monitoring mechanism, this algorithm can achieve the redistribution of network data channels and promote the whole network experience quality to well. Implement service simulation in EDGE network scenario, the effective of real-time network status detection and optimization is verified.
6. Aim to optimize operation value, take "Price per Bandwidth (PpB)" parameter as the service admission reference value and design a network operation-oriented admission control mechanism in wireless network optimization. With the comparisons of services'PpB value, network resources could be adjusted in the acceptable range of customer experience and achieve the Service Providers operation profit. The simulation results verified that this mechanism could improve the bandwidth utilization in multi-service network, and at the same time promote both customer satisfaction and Service Provider operating income.
引文
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[12]M. A. Malik, S. S. Kanhere, M. Hassan, B. Benatallah, On-board RSVP:an extension of RSVP to support real-time services in on-board IP networks [C], Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) Series,3326(2005),2004.12,264-275. 多种面向网络运营的网络资源动态调整算法,实现集网络调度、设备管理、业务管理为一体的资源综合管理系统。同时,结合业务管理流程的改善,提高网络业务面向用户和市场的提供能力。该研究点可以对应于架构控制层的接纳控制模块、策略控制模块及资源层数据采集模块,研究成果已发表相关论文并应用于爱立信第三期合作项目中。
本章首先从异构和融合两个角度对网络概念进行描述,分析了异构／融合网络的发展现状和业务驱动模式,并指出当今网络的研究热点。其次,从异构／融合网络端到端的三个不同维度对服务质量进行详细分解,为本文研究端到端QoS保障的角度奠定了基础。接着,从网络管理和网络控制两个层面对QoS的保障进行梳理,使得端到端QoS的保障在层次上清晰化、条理化。同时结合异构／融合网络的特点阐述了QoS管理和QoS控制相融合的必要性。最后,限定了本文的研究范围和研究场景,确定了本文在QoS研究领域中的位置,为理解本文与其它QoS相关研究提供基础。
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[28]Niyato D., Hossain E., Camorlinga S. Remote patient monitoring service using heterogeneous wireless access networks: architecture and optimization IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2009 pp:412-423 的商务需求可以通过SLA反应给运营商来进行实施,同时准确的SLA模版定制为下一步的网络部署提供了有力的依据。然而,为了准确提供各种业务参数,运营商不得不针对每种业务制定具体SLA模版,同时也给信息管理带来了巨大的工作量。
基于分布式的SLA管理信息架构,可以根据该网络提供各种基础业务的特点抽象出业务的不同特征并进行分类,将对业务SLA模版的制定转换为对各种业务特征进行SLA定义。在形成每种业务SLA模版时,只需分析其包含的业务特征,并在业务特征SLA模版库中调用相关SLA模板信息进行组合。通过架构中SLA总线实现业务特征SLA的灵活调用,从而避免重复定制业务信息模版的工作量。同时,在该SLA的信息架构中,还包含了SLA监控、服从及违规模块,形成一个完备的SLA信息管理架构。
与传统SLA管理方式相比,该模型通过分布式的信息处理方式,将复杂业务SLA模版定制工作化整为零,减少了大量重复的细节工作,简化了SLA模版定制流程。同时,总线型的信息下发结构,为SLA信息的灵活调用提供了有效的解决方式。
在异构网络的运营系统中,物理的异构性阻隔了控制和管理信息的互通,造成了较差信息共享性,为进一步的网络融合提供了阻碍。本章针对未来网络中统一信息管理机制的建立展开研究。
理论研究分为两个阶段,信息建模和信息分发。对网络信息的合理建模是信息分发的必要基础。通过列举和比较现有信息语言的特点,本文最终选取了SID模型对各网络特征进行建模。在信息分发阶段,首先分析了信息在业务提供中的生命周期；其次,结合全文管理和控制的思想核心,总结控制和管理侧策略信息的层次化映射方式。
结合理论研究,本节最后提出适合复杂业务应用模式的分布式SLA信息管理架构。通过合理提取业务特征的方式,有效简化了运营商定制SLA信息模版的流程,提高了SLA管理系统的可伸缩性和灵活性。
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QoS参数映射是异构／融合网络进行动态业务质量保证的关键环节。参数的动态映射和合理分配保证了用户、业务和网络参数的一致性,为网络资源的分配和优化提供了有力的基础。
一个完整的异构／融合网络QoS映射机制,应是垂直映射和水平映射的有机结合,实现层次化跨网络域的动态映射。垂直映射和水平映射是参数映射在异构网络中的两种形式,根据映射对象以及映射参数的不同,两种角度的映射采取的方式各不相同。垂直映射,是用户层参数经由业务层向网络层映射的过程,各层次参数的量纲不同。根据对用户感知参数的分析及业务特点的分析,本文采取基于SLA参数,提供统一映射模版的方式进行映射,体现了面向用户的异构网络业务提供需求。水平映射,是同层次不同网络间的相互映射过程,映射参数的单位相同。由于是同类参数间相互映射,因此对应过程相对简单,但是又给如何实现动态化的映射过程提出了更高的要求。鉴于此,本文提出基于业务参数子等级的动态资源映射方案,根据网络资源的需要对业务资源在用户可接受的范围内进行调整,从而实现了细粒度、动态化的网络层参数映射解决方案。
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结合异构/融合网络结构和业务提供特点,本章在对用户业务体验理论研究的基础上提出并建立了新型综合业务质量评价体系。该评价体系将主观的用户体验与客观的网络数据通过数学方法相结合,综合了业务质量定性分析和定量分析结果,形成从用户、业务到网络完备的层次化质量指标提取和处理流程。同时,通过将用户体验引入到业务质量综合评价中,运营商可以根据评价结果,将用户对业务的需求具体反应到SLA参数制定过程,使得业务提供更加满足用户的个性化需求,适应市场发展。
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本章首先从异构和融合两个角度对网络概念进行描述,分析了异构／融合网络的发展现状和业务驱动模式,并指出当今网络的研究热点。其次,从异构／融合网络端到端的三个不同维度对服务质量进行详细分解,为本文研究端到端QoS保障的角度奠定了基础。接着,从网络管理和网络控制两个层面对QoS的保障进行梳理,使得端到端QoS的保障在层次上清晰化、条理化。同时结合异构／融合网络的特点阐述了QoS管理和QoS控制相融合的必要性。最后,限定了本文的研究范围和研究场景,确定了本文在QoS研究领域中的位置,为理解本文与其它QoS相关研究提供基础。
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[28]Niyato D., Hossain E., Camorlinga S. Remote patient monitoring service using heterogeneous wireless access networks: architecture and optimization IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2009 pp:412-423 的商务需求可以通过SLA反应给运营商来进行实施,同时准确的SLA模版定制为下一步的网络部署提供了有力的依据。然而,为了准确提供各种业务参数,运营商不得不针对每种业务制定具体SLA模版,同时也给信息管理带来了巨大的工作量。
基于分布式的SLA管理信息架构,可以根据该网络提供各种基础业务的特点抽象出业务的不同特征并进行分类,将对业务SLA模版的制定转换为对各种业务特征进行SLA定义。在形成每种业务SLA模版时,只需分析其包含的业务特征,并在业务特征SLA模版库中调用相关SLA模板信息进行组合。通过架构中SLA总线实现业务特征SLA的灵活调用,从而避免重复定制业务信息模版的工作量。同时,在该SLA的信息架构中,还包含了SLA监控、服从及违规模块,形成一个完备的SLA信息管理架构。
与传统SLA管理方式相比,该模型通过分布式的信息处理方式,将复杂业务SLA模版定制工作化整为零,减少了大量重复的细节工作,简化了SLA模版定制流程。同时,总线型的信息下发结构,为SLA信息的灵活调用提供了有效的解决方式。
在异构网络的运营系统中,物理的异构性阻隔了控制和管理信息的互通,造成了较差信息共享性,为进一步的网络融合提供了阻碍。本章针对未来网络中统一信息管理机制的建立展开研究。
理论研究分为两个阶段,信息建模和信息分发。对网络信息的合理建模是信息分发的必要基础。通过列举和比较现有信息语言的特点,本文最终选取了SID模型对各网络特征进行建模。在信息分发阶段,首先分析了信息在业务提供中的生命周期；其次,结合全文管理和控制的思想核心,总结控制和管理侧策略信息的层次化映射方式。
结合理论研究,本节最后提出适合复杂业务应用模式的分布式SLA信息管理架构。通过合理提取业务特征的方式,有效简化了运营商定制SLA信息模版的流程,提高了SLA管理系统的可伸缩性和灵活性。
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QoS参数映射是异构／融合网络进行动态业务质量保证的关键环节。参数的动态映射和合理分配保证了用户、业务和网络参数的一致性,为网络资源的分配和优化提供了有力的基础。
一个完整的异构／融合网络QoS映射机制,应是垂直映射和水平映射的有机结合,实现层次化跨网络域的动态映射。垂直映射和水平映射是参数映射在异构网络中的两种形式,根据映射对象以及映射参数的不同,两种角度的映射采取的方式各不相同。垂直映射,是用户层参数经由业务层向网络层映射的过程,各层次参数的量纲不同。根据对用户感知参数的分析及业务特点的分析,本文采取基于SLA参数,提供统一映射模版的方式进行映射,体现了面向用户的异构网络业务提供需求。水平映射,是同层次不同网络间的相互映射过程,映射参数的单位相同。由于是同类参数间相互映射,因此对应过程相对简单,但是又给如何实现动态化的映射过程提出了更高的要求。鉴于此,本文提出基于业务参数子等级的动态资源映射方案,根据网络资源的需要对业务资源在用户可接受的范围内进行调整,从而实现了细粒度、动态化的网络层参数映射解决方案。
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结合异构/融合网络结构和业务提供特点,本章在对用户业务体验理论研究的基础上提出并建立了新型综合业务质量评价体系。该评价体系将主观的用户体验与客观的网络数据通过数学方法相结合,综合了业务质量定性分析和定量分析结果,形成从用户、业务到网络完备的层次化质量指标提取和处理流程。同时,通过将用户体验引入到业务质量综合评价中,运营商可以根据评价结果,将用户对业务的需求具体反应到SLA参数制定过程,使得业务提供更加满足用户的个性化需求,适应市场发展。
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