提速铁路长期运营引起的基床土永久变形试验研究
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摘要
我国铁路既有线的基床由于是按照以前的标准设计和施工,填料差、压实标准低,且运营多年来病害不断。近年来铁路多次大范围的提速,随着列车速度提高、客货运量增大,基床所承受的动荷载的幅值、频率和作用次数也随之增加,必然产生更大的累积塑性变形和更严重的病害,影响既有线的提速进程。
提速铁路要为列车的高速行驶提供一个高平顺性和稳定性的轨下基础,而基床作为轨道结构的直接受力结构,必须做到强度高、刚度大、稳定性和耐久性好。本文以既有线沪宁铁路为工程背景,通过室内动三轴试验,研究了基床土在列车荷载和正弦荷载作用下的变形规律。根据动三轴试验结果,基床土变形的非线性和滞后性通过动应力—应变滞回圈和骨干曲线来反映,变形累积通过永久变形与动应力循环次数的关系来反映。初步建立了基床土永久变形的预测公式,同时着重分析了基床土永久变形的影响因素,如土性参数(压实系数、含水量)和外力因素(围压、动应力波形、幅值、频率、作用次数)。通过加载一系列不同幅值、不同形式的正弦荷载,提出了基于长期变形等效的提速列车荷载的正弦荷载等效方法,即一个半正弦波代表一个转向架的列车动荷载时,正弦荷载的幅值进行相应的折减。
通过对既有线基床土在列车荷载作用下变形规律的研究,分析了动荷载长期作用下的变形规律,并初步建立了永久变形与列车荷载间的估算关系,为既有线的路基改造和养护提供参考。
The subgrade beds of existing lines were designed and constructed by previous standards and its status deteriorated after a long-term operation due to a low level of fillings and compaction. Nowadays the railway trains have widely increased speed several times. With the train's higher speed, larger amount of passenger and freight, an increase in dynamic load's amplitude, frequency and cyclic number brought a larger cumulative plastic deformation and worse subgrade status. Thus it influenced the schedule of upgrading-speed.
The foundation under rail tracks guarantees the high regularity and stability for upgrading-speed railway. And as the direct support, the subgrade bed must have high strength and rigidity, as well as good stability and durability. Taking Huning Railway Line as engineering background, this paper studied the deformation behavior of subgrade bed soil induced by both train load and sinusoidal load through dynamic triaxial tests. Based on the rest results, the nonlinear and hysteresis deformation behavior of bed soil can be represented by dynamic stress-strain hysteresis loops and backbone curves. And cumulative deformation can be represented by the relationship between permanent deformation and cyclic number. The elementary formula to predict permanent deformation was discussed, and the internal and external influencing factors were analyzed including compaction coefficient, water content, cell pressure, dynamic stress wave, amplitude, frequency, cyclic number, etc. The equivalent sinusoidal load of upgrading-speed railway load was proposed through loading a series of sinusoidal load of various amplitudes and forms. Namely, the reduction coefficient value of equivalent sinusoidal load was advised when one half-sinusoidal wave represents one bogie.
The permanent deformation behavior of subgrade bed soil was analyzed and the estimation relationship between the permanent deformation and train load was proposed in an elementary level. The research on deformation behavior of subgrade bed soil induced by train load will contribute to the subgrade reconstruction and conservation of existing line.
提速铁路要为列车的高速行驶提供一个高平顺性和稳定性的轨下基础,而基床作为轨道结构的直接受力结构,必须做到强度高、刚度大、稳定性和耐久性好。本文以既有线沪宁铁路为工程背景,通过室内动三轴试验,研究了基床土在列车荷载和正弦荷载作用下的变形规律。根据动三轴试验结果,基床土变形的非线性和滞后性通过动应力—应变滞回圈和骨干曲线来反映,变形累积通过永久变形与动应力循环次数的关系来反映。初步建立了基床土永久变形的预测公式,同时着重分析了基床土永久变形的影响因素,如土性参数(压实系数、含水量)和外力因素(围压、动应力波形、幅值、频率、作用次数)。通过加载一系列不同幅值、不同形式的正弦荷载,提出了基于长期变形等效的提速列车荷载的正弦荷载等效方法,即一个半正弦波代表一个转向架的列车动荷载时,正弦荷载的幅值进行相应的折减。
通过对既有线基床土在列车荷载作用下变形规律的研究,分析了动荷载长期作用下的变形规律,并初步建立了永久变形与列车荷载间的估算关系,为既有线的路基改造和养护提供参考。
The subgrade beds of existing lines were designed and constructed by previous standards and its status deteriorated after a long-term operation due to a low level of fillings and compaction. Nowadays the railway trains have widely increased speed several times. With the train's higher speed, larger amount of passenger and freight, an increase in dynamic load's amplitude, frequency and cyclic number brought a larger cumulative plastic deformation and worse subgrade status. Thus it influenced the schedule of upgrading-speed.
The foundation under rail tracks guarantees the high regularity and stability for upgrading-speed railway. And as the direct support, the subgrade bed must have high strength and rigidity, as well as good stability and durability. Taking Huning Railway Line as engineering background, this paper studied the deformation behavior of subgrade bed soil induced by both train load and sinusoidal load through dynamic triaxial tests. Based on the rest results, the nonlinear and hysteresis deformation behavior of bed soil can be represented by dynamic stress-strain hysteresis loops and backbone curves. And cumulative deformation can be represented by the relationship between permanent deformation and cyclic number. The elementary formula to predict permanent deformation was discussed, and the internal and external influencing factors were analyzed including compaction coefficient, water content, cell pressure, dynamic stress wave, amplitude, frequency, cyclic number, etc. The equivalent sinusoidal load of upgrading-speed railway load was proposed through loading a series of sinusoidal load of various amplitudes and forms. Namely, the reduction coefficient value of equivalent sinusoidal load was advised when one half-sinusoidal wave represents one bogie.
The permanent deformation behavior of subgrade bed soil was analyzed and the estimation relationship between the permanent deformation and train load was proposed in an elementary level. The research on deformation behavior of subgrade bed soil induced by train load will contribute to the subgrade reconstruction and conservation of existing line.
引文
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[22]周建.循环荷载作用下饱和软粘土特性试验研究.工业建筑,2000,30(11):43-47.
[23]蒋军等.长期循环荷载作用下粘土的一维沉降.岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):366-399
[24]蒋军.循环荷载作用下粘土应变速率试验研究.岩土工程学报,2002,24(4):528-531.
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