矩阵式交—交变频器励磁的交流励磁发电机系统的建模与仿真
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摘要
交流励磁发电机的基本结构与绕线式异步电机相同，其定子侧接电网，转子上采用三相对称分布的励磁绕组，由变频器提供对称交流电励磁，且励磁电压的幅值大小、频率、相位、相序都可根据要求加以控制，从而可以控制发电机励磁磁场大小、相对于转子的位置和电机的转速，使得交流励磁发电机具有良好的稳定性及转速适应能力、独立的有功与无功调节能力和较强的进相运行能力，性能超越传统同步发电机和感应发电机，因而有着广阔的应用前景。
本文论述了交流励磁发电机的运行原理及动态同步轴系下的励磁控制策略。在Saber仿真软件的平台下，建立了交流励磁发电机及其励磁控制器的仿真模型。由于交流励磁发电机既可能运行于励磁系统向电机转子方输入电功率，也可能运行于励磁系统将转子方输出的电功率回馈给电网，根据交流励磁发电机系统对励磁变频器功率双向流动及变频器输入和输出电流谐波含量少、谐波幅值小的要求，本文提出采用输入和输出性能优良的矩阵式交-交变频器作为励磁电源。从等效交-直-交变换的空间矢量调制方法出发，深入分析了矩阵式变频器的变换关系，导出了交-交直接变换控制规律和双空间矢量脉宽调制技术，阐述了矩阵式变频器的换流控制策略，分析了输入滤波器和过电压保护电路的设计方法，实现了矩阵式变频器的建模和运行分析。利用所建模型，对交流励磁发电机系统的稳态调节特性、暂态特性进行了仿真研究；仿真研究了发电机定、转子电流和感应电势及变频器输入电流波形，并作了相应的谐波分析；与交-直-交变频器和交-交变频器作励磁电源时发电机的运行特性进行了对比分析。
本文所作的研究工作，为交流励磁发电机的励磁系统工程设计提供了一定的理论参考依据
The structure of alternating current excitation generator (ACEG) is same as wound rotor induction machine. The stator of ACEG is connected to the grid and the three symmetrical excitation windings in the rotor are fed by converter. The magnitude and frequency and phase and phase sequence of excitation voltage can be controlled, so the magnitude and position of excitation MMF as well as the speed of rotor can be controlled. Therefore, ACEGs have superior performances by contrast with conventional synchronous generators and induction generators, such as upstanding stability, power generation of variable speed constant frequency (VSCF), adjusting active power and reactive power independently, and absorbing lag reactive power deeply. So there are good prospects for alternating current excitation generators.
In this thesis, the operation principle of ACEG and the excitation control strategy based on dynamical synchronous reference frame are analyzed, the simulation models of the generator and excitation controller are established based on the Saber simulator. According to the requirement of ACEG , the converter should have regeneration capability, and the input and output currents of converter should be sinusoidal. Matrix AC-AC converter (MC) has good input and output performances. MC as the exciter is proposed in this thesis. According to the space vector modulation method of the equivalent structure of the AC-DC-AC transformation, the transformation relations of the matrix converter are deeply investigated. The AC-AC direct conversion control and the double-space-vector PWM scheme of the matrix converter are deduced, the four-step current commutation strategy of matrix converter is expatiated, the design method of input filter and over voltage protection circuit is analyzed, and the modeling and simulation of a three-phase matrix converter are implemented. The steady state and transient characteristics of the ACEG system are simulated, the harmonics of the EMF and stator current and rotor current as well as MC's input current are researched. The operation characteristics of ACEG with MC as an exciter are compared to those of ACEG with AC-DC-AC converter and cycloconverter as an exciter.
The results in this thesis will be helpful to the design of the ACEG excitation control system
本文论述了交流励磁发电机的运行原理及动态同步轴系下的励磁控制策略。在Saber仿真软件的平台下，建立了交流励磁发电机及其励磁控制器的仿真模型。由于交流励磁发电机既可能运行于励磁系统向电机转子方输入电功率，也可能运行于励磁系统将转子方输出的电功率回馈给电网，根据交流励磁发电机系统对励磁变频器功率双向流动及变频器输入和输出电流谐波含量少、谐波幅值小的要求，本文提出采用输入和输出性能优良的矩阵式交-交变频器作为励磁电源。从等效交-直-交变换的空间矢量调制方法出发，深入分析了矩阵式变频器的变换关系，导出了交-交直接变换控制规律和双空间矢量脉宽调制技术，阐述了矩阵式变频器的换流控制策略，分析了输入滤波器和过电压保护电路的设计方法，实现了矩阵式变频器的建模和运行分析。利用所建模型，对交流励磁发电机系统的稳态调节特性、暂态特性进行了仿真研究；仿真研究了发电机定、转子电流和感应电势及变频器输入电流波形，并作了相应的谐波分析；与交-直-交变频器和交-交变频器作励磁电源时发电机的运行特性进行了对比分析。
本文所作的研究工作，为交流励磁发电机的励磁系统工程设计提供了一定的理论参考依据
The structure of alternating current excitation generator (ACEG) is same as wound rotor induction machine. The stator of ACEG is connected to the grid and the three symmetrical excitation windings in the rotor are fed by converter. The magnitude and frequency and phase and phase sequence of excitation voltage can be controlled, so the magnitude and position of excitation MMF as well as the speed of rotor can be controlled. Therefore, ACEGs have superior performances by contrast with conventional synchronous generators and induction generators, such as upstanding stability, power generation of variable speed constant frequency (VSCF), adjusting active power and reactive power independently, and absorbing lag reactive power deeply. So there are good prospects for alternating current excitation generators.
In this thesis, the operation principle of ACEG and the excitation control strategy based on dynamical synchronous reference frame are analyzed, the simulation models of the generator and excitation controller are established based on the Saber simulator. According to the requirement of ACEG , the converter should have regeneration capability, and the input and output currents of converter should be sinusoidal. Matrix AC-AC converter (MC) has good input and output performances. MC as the exciter is proposed in this thesis. According to the space vector modulation method of the equivalent structure of the AC-DC-AC transformation, the transformation relations of the matrix converter are deeply investigated. The AC-AC direct conversion control and the double-space-vector PWM scheme of the matrix converter are deduced, the four-step current commutation strategy of matrix converter is expatiated, the design method of input filter and over voltage protection circuit is analyzed, and the modeling and simulation of a three-phase matrix converter are implemented. The steady state and transient characteristics of the ACEG system are simulated, the harmonics of the EMF and stator current and rotor current as well as MC's input current are researched. The operation characteristics of ACEG with MC as an exciter are compared to those of ACEG with AC-DC-AC converter and cycloconverter as an exciter.
The results in this thesis will be helpful to the design of the ACEG excitation control system
引文
[1] 杨顺昌. 国外对异步化同步发电机的探讨. 国外大电机.1991(4).1~7
[2] 张桂娥，韩居华，叶东. 前苏联双轴励磁异步化水轮发电机研究综述. 国外大电机.1993(2).40~42
[3] (日)E.Kita. 400MW可调速抽水蓄能系统. 国外大电机.1992(4).
[4] (日)S.Furuya. 世界首台用于抽水蓄能电站的变频供电变速发电－电动机的研制和商业运行. 国外大电机.1992(4).
[5] 宁玉泉. 双馈变速同步电机的工作特性及在蓄能机组的应用. 大电机技术.1994(5). 1~5
[6] (日)中村泰造. 可变速抽水蓄能发电系统实用化. 国外大电机.1992(5).
[7] 邵为民. 新型的转差频率励磁发电机. 电工技术学报.1989(2).35~39
[8] 邵为民. 新型的转差频率励磁发电机. 电工技术学报.1990(2).
[9] 张为杰. 交流励磁发电机发展前景. 大电机技术.1992(5).1~6
[10] 赵荣祥，伊强，朱振东，等. 自控式交流励磁变速电机的稳定性分析. 电工技术学报.1998(8).5~9
[11] 徐国禹，牟道槐，杨顺昌. 异步化发电机. 重庆大学译文资料.1991
[12] 廖勇. 交流励磁发电机励磁控制策略及电磁设计的研究. [博士学位论文]. 重庆. 重庆大学电气工程学院.1997
[13] Mitsutoshi Yamaoto，Osamu Motoyoshi. Active and Reactive Power Control for Doubly-Fed Wound Rotor Induction Generator. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. Vol.6 No.4 October 1991 P624~629
[14] M.S.Vicatos，J.A.Teqapoulos. Steady State Analysis of A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Under Synchronous Operation. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. Vol.4 No.3 September 1989 P495~501
[15] J.Tanura，T.Sasaki，S.Ishikaya，et al. Analysis of The Steady State Characteristics of Double Fed Synchronous Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. Vol.4 No.2 January 1989 P250~256
[16] B.M.Bird. Analysis of Doubly Fed Slip-ring Machines. IEE.Proc. Vol.113 No.6 1966 P1016
[17] F.J.Brady. A Mathematical Model for The Doubly-Fed Wound Rotor Generator. IEEE.Trans. Vol.PAS-103 No.4 1984 P798
[18] M.S.Vicatos，J.A.Teqapoulos. Transient State Analysis of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator under Three Phase Short Circuit. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. No.6 1991
[19] E.Bogalocka. Control System of A Doubly-Fed Induction Machine Working as A Generator. Intelligent Motion. June 1991 P104~112
[20] Krzeminski Z. Control System of Doubly-Fed Induction Machine Based on Multiscalar Model. IFAC 11th World Congress. Tallin.1990
[21] Arsudis D，Vollstedt W. Sensor-less Power Control of a Doubly-Fed AC Machine with Nearly Sinusoidal Currents. EPE.Conference. Aachen.P876~881
[22] Bogalocka E，Krzeminski Z，Wierzejski M. Control System of DFM Working as a Generator. Int.Conference PCIM. Nurnberg，Germany.1991
[23] M.RIAZ. Energy-Conversion Properties of Induction Machines in Variable-Speed Constant-Frequency Generator System. AIEE.Trans. Vol.78 Part Ⅱ.March 1959 P25~30
[24] K.Hemmaplardh. Analysis and Application of A Doubly Fed Induction Machines in A Large Flywheel Energy Storage System. IEEE PES Winter Meeting. A 77 099-5.1977
[25] 杨顺昌，牟道槐，邓祥矅. 转子励磁异步发电机的研究. 电工技术学报.1991(3).20~24
[26] 廖勇，杨顺昌. 交流励磁发电机运行及控制原理. 电工技术学报.1997(10).21~25
[27] 辜承林，韦忠朝，黄声华，等. 对转子交流励磁电流实行矢量控制的变速恒频发电机(第一部分：控制模型与数值仿真). 中国电机工程学报.1996(3).119~124
[28] 廖勇，杨顺昌. 交流励磁发电机励磁控制. 中国电机工程学报.1998(3).87~90
[29] 林瑞光，赵荣祥，黄进，等. 水轮发电机交流励磁变速运行的控制策略. 电工技术学报.1995(8).1~5
[30] 胡一尼. 双馈同步感应发电机的运行性能分析. 电工技术学报.1990(4).
[31] 王祥珩，史文华，黎道成. 交流励磁发电机系统并网运行谐波的研究. 清华大学学报. 1999(3).96~99
[32] 吴志敢，贺益康. 交-交变频交流励磁电机谐波的解析分析. 电工技术学报.1999(12).9~14
[33] 石赟，王文举，贺益康. PWM变频器供电交流励磁发电机输出谐波分析. 大电机技术.2000(5).19~24
[34] 杨顺昌，廖勇，漆小龙. 动态同步轴系及其应用. 电工技术学报.1999(4).42~46
[35] Patrick W.Wheeler，José Rodríguez，Jon C.Clare，et al. Matrix Converters：A Technology Review. IEEE.Trans.Ind.Electron. Vol.49 No.2 April 2002 P276~287
[36] Jochen Mahlein，J?rg Weigold，Olaf Simon. New Concepts for Matrix Converter Design. IECON'01：The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Society. P1044~1048
[37] Venturini M. A New Sine Wave In Sine Wave Out Conversion Technique Which Eliminates Reactive Elements. Proceedings Powercon 7.1980 PE31~ E315
Beasant R R，Beatie W C，Refsum A. An Approach to the Realisation of a High Power
[38] Venturini Converter. IEEE. April 1990 P291~297
[39] Wheeler P W，Grant D A. Optimised Input Filter Design and Low-Loss Switching Techniques for a Practical Matrix Converter. IEE Proceedings.Electrical Power Applications. Vol.144 No.1 January 1997
[40] Sunter S，Clare J C. A True Four Quadrant Matrix Converter Induction Motor Drive with Servo Performance. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. June 1996 P146~151
[41] Burany N. Safe Control of Four-Quadrant Switches. IEEE IAS Annual Meeting. 1989 P1190~1194
[42] L Empringham，P W Wheeler，J C Clare. Intelligent Commutation of Matrix Converter Bi-directional Switch Cells using Novel Gate Drive Techniques. Proc.IEEE PESC'98 1998 P707~713
[43] Christian Klumpner，Peter Nielsen，Ion Boldea，et al. A New Matrix Converter Motor (MCM) for Industry Applications. IEEE.Trans.Ind.Electron. Vol.49 No.2 April 2002 P325~335
[44] Peter Nielsen，Frede Blaabjerg，John K.Pedersen. New Protection Issues of a Matrix Converter：Design Considerations for Adjustable-Speed Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol.35 No.5 September 1999 P1150~1161
[45] Analogy.Inc．Saber Designer Introductory Course．1997
[46] Analogy.Inc．Analogy Modeling Class Using MAST．1997 P2-1~2-24
[47] 杨顺昌．参考系理论及感应电动机系统分析．重庆：重庆大学出版社．1987
[48] 杨顺昌．电机矩阵分析．重庆：重庆大学出版社．1988
[49] 张健．交直交电压源励磁的交流励磁发电机运行特性的仿真研究．[硕士学位论文]. 重庆．重庆大学电气工程学院．2001
[50] 王兆安，黄俊．电力电子技术．第4版．北京：机械工业出版社．2000
[2] 张桂娥，韩居华，叶东. 前苏联双轴励磁异步化水轮发电机研究综述. 国外大电机.1993(2).40~42
[3] (日)E.Kita. 400MW可调速抽水蓄能系统. 国外大电机.1992(4).
[4] (日)S.Furuya. 世界首台用于抽水蓄能电站的变频供电变速发电－电动机的研制和商业运行. 国外大电机.1992(4).
[5] 宁玉泉. 双馈变速同步电机的工作特性及在蓄能机组的应用. 大电机技术.1994(5). 1~5
[6] (日)中村泰造. 可变速抽水蓄能发电系统实用化. 国外大电机.1992(5).
[7] 邵为民. 新型的转差频率励磁发电机. 电工技术学报.1989(2).35~39
[8] 邵为民. 新型的转差频率励磁发电机. 电工技术学报.1990(2).
[9] 张为杰. 交流励磁发电机发展前景. 大电机技术.1992(5).1~6
[10] 赵荣祥，伊强，朱振东，等. 自控式交流励磁变速电机的稳定性分析. 电工技术学报.1998(8).5~9
[11] 徐国禹，牟道槐，杨顺昌. 异步化发电机. 重庆大学译文资料.1991
[12] 廖勇. 交流励磁发电机励磁控制策略及电磁设计的研究. [博士学位论文]. 重庆. 重庆大学电气工程学院.1997
[13] Mitsutoshi Yamaoto，Osamu Motoyoshi. Active and Reactive Power Control for Doubly-Fed Wound Rotor Induction Generator. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. Vol.6 No.4 October 1991 P624~629
[14] M.S.Vicatos，J.A.Teqapoulos. Steady State Analysis of A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Under Synchronous Operation. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. Vol.4 No.3 September 1989 P495~501
[15] J.Tanura，T.Sasaki，S.Ishikaya，et al. Analysis of The Steady State Characteristics of Double Fed Synchronous Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. Vol.4 No.2 January 1989 P250~256
[16] B.M.Bird. Analysis of Doubly Fed Slip-ring Machines. IEE.Proc. Vol.113 No.6 1966 P1016
[17] F.J.Brady. A Mathematical Model for The Doubly-Fed Wound Rotor Generator. IEEE.Trans. Vol.PAS-103 No.4 1984 P798
[18] M.S.Vicatos，J.A.Teqapoulos. Transient State Analysis of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator under Three Phase Short Circuit. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. No.6 1991
[19] E.Bogalocka. Control System of A Doubly-Fed Induction Machine Working as A Generator. Intelligent Motion. June 1991 P104~112
[20] Krzeminski Z. Control System of Doubly-Fed Induction Machine Based on Multiscalar Model. IFAC 11th World Congress. Tallin.1990
[21] Arsudis D，Vollstedt W. Sensor-less Power Control of a Doubly-Fed AC Machine with Nearly Sinusoidal Currents. EPE.Conference. Aachen.P876~881
[22] Bogalocka E，Krzeminski Z，Wierzejski M. Control System of DFM Working as a Generator. Int.Conference PCIM. Nurnberg，Germany.1991
[23] M.RIAZ. Energy-Conversion Properties of Induction Machines in Variable-Speed Constant-Frequency Generator System. AIEE.Trans. Vol.78 Part Ⅱ.March 1959 P25~30
[24] K.Hemmaplardh. Analysis and Application of A Doubly Fed Induction Machines in A Large Flywheel Energy Storage System. IEEE PES Winter Meeting. A 77 099-5.1977
[25] 杨顺昌，牟道槐，邓祥矅. 转子励磁异步发电机的研究. 电工技术学报.1991(3).20~24
[26] 廖勇，杨顺昌. 交流励磁发电机运行及控制原理. 电工技术学报.1997(10).21~25
[27] 辜承林，韦忠朝，黄声华，等. 对转子交流励磁电流实行矢量控制的变速恒频发电机(第一部分：控制模型与数值仿真). 中国电机工程学报.1996(3).119~124
[28] 廖勇，杨顺昌. 交流励磁发电机励磁控制. 中国电机工程学报.1998(3).87~90
[29] 林瑞光，赵荣祥，黄进，等. 水轮发电机交流励磁变速运行的控制策略. 电工技术学报.1995(8).1~5
[30] 胡一尼. 双馈同步感应发电机的运行性能分析. 电工技术学报.1990(4).
[31] 王祥珩，史文华，黎道成. 交流励磁发电机系统并网运行谐波的研究. 清华大学学报. 1999(3).96~99
[32] 吴志敢，贺益康. 交-交变频交流励磁电机谐波的解析分析. 电工技术学报.1999(12).9~14
[33] 石赟，王文举，贺益康. PWM变频器供电交流励磁发电机输出谐波分析. 大电机技术.2000(5).19~24
[34] 杨顺昌，廖勇，漆小龙. 动态同步轴系及其应用. 电工技术学报.1999(4).42~46
[35] Patrick W.Wheeler，José Rodríguez，Jon C.Clare，et al. Matrix Converters：A Technology Review. IEEE.Trans.Ind.Electron. Vol.49 No.2 April 2002 P276~287
[36] Jochen Mahlein，J?rg Weigold，Olaf Simon. New Concepts for Matrix Converter Design. IECON'01：The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Society. P1044~1048
[37] Venturini M. A New Sine Wave In Sine Wave Out Conversion Technique Which Eliminates Reactive Elements. Proceedings Powercon 7.1980 PE31~ E315
Beasant R R，Beatie W C，Refsum A. An Approach to the Realisation of a High Power
[38] Venturini Converter. IEEE. April 1990 P291~297
[39] Wheeler P W，Grant D A. Optimised Input Filter Design and Low-Loss Switching Techniques for a Practical Matrix Converter. IEE Proceedings.Electrical Power Applications. Vol.144 No.1 January 1997
[40] Sunter S，Clare J C. A True Four Quadrant Matrix Converter Induction Motor Drive with Servo Performance. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. June 1996 P146~151
[41] Burany N. Safe Control of Four-Quadrant Switches. IEEE IAS Annual Meeting. 1989 P1190~1194
[42] L Empringham，P W Wheeler，J C Clare. Intelligent Commutation of Matrix Converter Bi-directional Switch Cells using Novel Gate Drive Techniques. Proc.IEEE PESC'98 1998 P707~713
[43] Christian Klumpner，Peter Nielsen，Ion Boldea，et al. A New Matrix Converter Motor (MCM) for Industry Applications. IEEE.Trans.Ind.Electron. Vol.49 No.2 April 2002 P325~335
[44] Peter Nielsen，Frede Blaabjerg，John K.Pedersen. New Protection Issues of a Matrix Converter：Design Considerations for Adjustable-Speed Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol.35 No.5 September 1999 P1150~1161
[45] Analogy.Inc．Saber Designer Introductory Course．1997
[46] Analogy.Inc．Analogy Modeling Class Using MAST．1997 P2-1~2-24
[47] 杨顺昌．参考系理论及感应电动机系统分析．重庆：重庆大学出版社．1987
[48] 杨顺昌．电机矩阵分析．重庆：重庆大学出版社．1988
[49] 张健．交直交电压源励磁的交流励磁发电机运行特性的仿真研究．[硕士学位论文]. 重庆．重庆大学电气工程学院．2001
[50] 王兆安，黄俊．电力电子技术．第4版．北京：机械工业出版社．2000
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