推块式分拣机系统高度与控制的研究及应用
|
摘要
随着生产力水平的日益提高，物流系统中所蕴藏的巨大潜力越来越引起人们的注意。物流现代化的基础，首先是采用快速、高效、自动化的物流设备。由于缺乏必要的技术支撑，我国生产设备的自动化程度还不高，并且设备分散，低水平重复现象严重，很难进行统一控制和管理，于是大大制约了其作用的发挥及其自身水平的提高。论文研究的目的就是从市场需求出发，研制开发一种新型的自动分拣机—推块式自动分拣机，论文重点讨论了系统建模的原理、方法及系统仿真的方法、步骤，以解决复杂系统的分析问题。
自动分拣系统是一个复杂的综合性系统，如何提高其分拣效率和效益是至关重要的。调度的复杂性和生产环境的动态性决定了调度问题的解决单纯依靠人或计算机是难以完成的，必须把人、运筹学和计算机有机地结合起来去研究调度问题。
论文首先简明介绍了物流的发展历史及现代物流的特点，以及现代物流三个层次的划分。从系统集成的角度讨论了分析复杂系统常用的一些方法及其各自的优缺点。系统仿真是系统分析和研究十分有效的技术，在许多领域都已广泛运用，本文详细阐述了系统仿真的步骤及其常用的算法。其次，论文综合了目前国内外自动分拣系统的现状，列出了多种分拣方式，对它们各自的特点、适用条件作了比较，充分论证了研究本课题的必要性。本文以推块式分拣系统的研究开发为对象，采用Petri网技术与面向对象技术相结合的复合模型建模技术，研究了推块式自动分拣系统的层次划分，将一个复杂系统划分为多个子系统，各子系统任务明确、信息流向清晰，便于管理系统的设计和应用，也有利于分析系统的可达性、有界性等。这种递阶建模的方法使模型形象、直观、易于扩展。供包系统是提高分拣效率的瓶颈，因此本文从静态的排队模型和动态Petri网模型两方面对其进行研究，优化整个分拣系统的配置，并通过计算机仿真对其进行验证。本文还介绍了推块式自动分拣系统的总体方案设计和各子系统的功能，用多进程并发的方式解决了设备之间的调度及协调；对于信息的交换和调用，也可采用多进程并发的方式来完成指令的下达；结合计算机通信技术、数据库等技术，设计了推块式自动分拣系统的信息管理系统，实现了物流、信息流的统一。
With the productivity level grow, the potential in the logistics system is noticed. The base of modernize logistics is using quick, high-efficiency and automatic logistics equipment. But in our country they are separated and repeated severity because of lacking the necessary technology. It is very hard to control and manage at the same time. These restrict using exertion and enhancement. The purpose of this paper studies a new type automatic sorting system-sliding shoes sorting system which can content the market demand. The thesis not only studies the modeling theory and methods, but also the system simulation processes and methods. The methods are effective to analyze the complex system.
Automatic sorting system is a complex and integral system. The key problem is how to enhance the sorting efficiency and benefit. Because of the complex control and the dynamic product condition, the control problem isn't solved only depend on people or computer. It should be solved by the integration of people, operational research and computer.
At first, the paper explains the logistics history and the character of modern logistics. It divides the modern logistics into three hiberarchy paritions. Every hiberarchy is clear and independent. It studies a few methods and their merits in common use which can analyze the complex system from the systematic point of view. An effective technology is systematic simulation. It uses widely in many aspects. The thesis explains the systematic simulation processes and common arithmetic. Second, the paper explains many different automatic sorting systems in the world. It compares their character and using conditions, which demonstrate the essential of studying this problem. The thesis explains the method in detail by the research of sliding shoes sorting system. It uses the multiple modeling technology to divide the whole system, which combines the Petri net technology with the oriented object technology. A complex system can be divided into several subsystems by this way. Their tasks and the information flow are clear in these subsystems. It is suitable not only to design and application of the management system, but also to analyze the accessibility and finite of this system. This degressive modeling technology makes the model visual, direct and easy to expand. Feeder system is the bottleneck of enhancing efficiency in the automatic sorting system. So the paper studies this problem from two aspects. One is the static queue model; the other is the dynamic Petri net model. It provides the evidence to optimize the whole sorting system configure. Last, it is verified
by computer simulation. The paper introduces the project design and function of every subsystems in sliding shoes sorting system. It uses the multi-course parallel method to control and harmonize so many equipments. This method can make instruction known to lower levels, which exchange and transfer information. The author designs the information management system of sliding shoes sorting system by the computer communication technology and database technology, which can integrate the logistics and the information flow.
自动分拣系统是一个复杂的综合性系统，如何提高其分拣效率和效益是至关重要的。调度的复杂性和生产环境的动态性决定了调度问题的解决单纯依靠人或计算机是难以完成的，必须把人、运筹学和计算机有机地结合起来去研究调度问题。
论文首先简明介绍了物流的发展历史及现代物流的特点，以及现代物流三个层次的划分。从系统集成的角度讨论了分析复杂系统常用的一些方法及其各自的优缺点。系统仿真是系统分析和研究十分有效的技术，在许多领域都已广泛运用，本文详细阐述了系统仿真的步骤及其常用的算法。其次，论文综合了目前国内外自动分拣系统的现状，列出了多种分拣方式，对它们各自的特点、适用条件作了比较，充分论证了研究本课题的必要性。本文以推块式分拣系统的研究开发为对象，采用Petri网技术与面向对象技术相结合的复合模型建模技术，研究了推块式自动分拣系统的层次划分，将一个复杂系统划分为多个子系统，各子系统任务明确、信息流向清晰，便于管理系统的设计和应用，也有利于分析系统的可达性、有界性等。这种递阶建模的方法使模型形象、直观、易于扩展。供包系统是提高分拣效率的瓶颈，因此本文从静态的排队模型和动态Petri网模型两方面对其进行研究，优化整个分拣系统的配置，并通过计算机仿真对其进行验证。本文还介绍了推块式自动分拣系统的总体方案设计和各子系统的功能，用多进程并发的方式解决了设备之间的调度及协调；对于信息的交换和调用，也可采用多进程并发的方式来完成指令的下达；结合计算机通信技术、数据库等技术，设计了推块式自动分拣系统的信息管理系统，实现了物流、信息流的统一。
With the productivity level grow, the potential in the logistics system is noticed. The base of modernize logistics is using quick, high-efficiency and automatic logistics equipment. But in our country they are separated and repeated severity because of lacking the necessary technology. It is very hard to control and manage at the same time. These restrict using exertion and enhancement. The purpose of this paper studies a new type automatic sorting system-sliding shoes sorting system which can content the market demand. The thesis not only studies the modeling theory and methods, but also the system simulation processes and methods. The methods are effective to analyze the complex system.
Automatic sorting system is a complex and integral system. The key problem is how to enhance the sorting efficiency and benefit. Because of the complex control and the dynamic product condition, the control problem isn't solved only depend on people or computer. It should be solved by the integration of people, operational research and computer.
At first, the paper explains the logistics history and the character of modern logistics. It divides the modern logistics into three hiberarchy paritions. Every hiberarchy is clear and independent. It studies a few methods and their merits in common use which can analyze the complex system from the systematic point of view. An effective technology is systematic simulation. It uses widely in many aspects. The thesis explains the systematic simulation processes and common arithmetic. Second, the paper explains many different automatic sorting systems in the world. It compares their character and using conditions, which demonstrate the essential of studying this problem. The thesis explains the method in detail by the research of sliding shoes sorting system. It uses the multiple modeling technology to divide the whole system, which combines the Petri net technology with the oriented object technology. A complex system can be divided into several subsystems by this way. Their tasks and the information flow are clear in these subsystems. It is suitable not only to design and application of the management system, but also to analyze the accessibility and finite of this system. This degressive modeling technology makes the model visual, direct and easy to expand. Feeder system is the bottleneck of enhancing efficiency in the automatic sorting system. So the paper studies this problem from two aspects. One is the static queue model; the other is the dynamic Petri net model. It provides the evidence to optimize the whole sorting system configure. Last, it is verified
by computer simulation. The paper introduces the project design and function of every subsystems in sliding shoes sorting system. It uses the multi-course parallel method to control and harmonize so many equipments. This method can make instruction known to lower levels, which exchange and transfer information. The author designs the information management system of sliding shoes sorting system by the computer communication technology and database technology, which can integrate the logistics and the information flow.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国国家标准《物流术语》GB/T18354－2001. 国家质量技术监督局. 2001.1
[2] 张晓萍，颜永年. 现代生产物流及仿真. 清华大学出版社. 2000: 2-6
[3] 王方智，王家善. 分拣系统. 现代物流. 1998.No .6:9-12
[4] 许胜余. 配送中心的现代物流技术. 物流技术与应用. 1999.Vol.4.No.3:33-37
[5] 蔡宏，吴亚娟. 我国包裹分拣系统机应用的现状及分析. 中国机械工程. 1995.Vol.6.No.3:69-71
[6] 高华兰. 托盘式包裹分拣机. 现代通信. 1997.No.9:15-16
[7] 沈为民，张稳. 物流分拣与自动化. 黑龙江自动化技术与应用. 1997.Vol.16.No.3:36-38
[8] 吴启迪. 柔性制造自动化的原理与实践. 清华大学出版社. 1997:43-95
[9] Robert，Eastman（美）. Materials Handling. 1987.No.2:15-25
[10] Marcel Dekker. Inc. Material Handling. 1983.No.6:32-35
[11] 王加林，张雷丽. 物流系统工程. 北京：中国物资出版社. 1987:12-62
[12] 张根保. 自动化制造系统. 机械工业出版社. 1995:144-151
[13] 姜玉宪. 控制系统仿真. 北京航空航天大学出版社. 1998:1-12
[14] 王维平，朱一凡. 离散事件系统建模与仿真. 国防科技大学出版社. 1997:80-178
[15] 王梅生. 离散事件动态系统（DEDS）的扰动分析（上、下）. 控制与决策. 1989.（2）:56-61
[16] HO. A survey of the perturbation analysis of discrete event dynamic system. Annals of Operation Research. 1985.（3）:393-402
[17] Solberg JJ.A mathematical models of computerized manufacturing systems . Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Production Research .Tokyo:1977:281-289
[18] 董逸生等. 一个面向对象的建模工具. 第三届中国计算机集成制造系统学术会议论文集. 1994:356-361
[19] Ravichandran ramarathman，Chakravarty Amiya K. Decision support in flexible manufacturing system using timed Petri nets. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 1989.5(2):89-101
[20] Magott.Performance evaluation of concurrent system using Petri nets. Inform.Processing Lett. 1984.18(1):7-13
[21] Tadao Murata. Petri nets:Properties，Analysis and Applications.Proceedings of The IEEE. 1984.18(1):7-13
[22] Booch. Object-oriented development. IEEE Tr. 1986. SE-12:43-50
[23]James rumbaugh, Michael Blaha, William Premerlani, Freedrick Eddy and William Lorensen. Object-oriented Modeling and design. Prentice Hall. 1991.23-27
[24] Adiga etal. Object-oriented software modeling of a flexible manufacturing system. Journal Intelligent
and Robotic system. 1990:147-165
[25] 杨盛. 递归网系统─一种新的网系统模型的初步研究. 清华大学研究生学报. 1994.No1: 10-15
[26] 葛玮，张建军. 一种基于Petri网的半形式化面向对象的开发方法. 第三届中国计算机集成制造系统学术会议论文集. 1994:127-132
[27] 常发亮，刘长有. 自动化立体仓库输送系统调度的优化仿真及其应用研究. 系统仿真学报. 1998.Vol.10.No.5:14-19
[28] Kyasacic P. Computer controlled conveying system and automatic picking .Proc of the 6th International Conf on Automation in warehousing. 1984:277-317
[29] tian G H，Liu Ch Y. Modeling.analysis and control of DEDS in the framework of temporal logic: a case study. Automatic(IFAC'96). San Francisco，California，USA. 1996:82-90
[30] 田国会，徐心和. 自动化仓库输送过程调度问题研究. 计算机集成制造系统. 1998.No.2:51-55
[31] 周志诚，林同曾. 运筹学教程. 立信会计图书用品社. 1988:536-581
[32] 周德译，袁南儿. 计算机智能监测控制系统的设计及应用. 清华大学出版社. 2002:10-14
[2] 张晓萍，颜永年. 现代生产物流及仿真. 清华大学出版社. 2000: 2-6
[3] 王方智，王家善. 分拣系统. 现代物流. 1998.No .6:9-12
[4] 许胜余. 配送中心的现代物流技术. 物流技术与应用. 1999.Vol.4.No.3:33-37
[5] 蔡宏，吴亚娟. 我国包裹分拣系统机应用的现状及分析. 中国机械工程. 1995.Vol.6.No.3:69-71
[6] 高华兰. 托盘式包裹分拣机. 现代通信. 1997.No.9:15-16
[7] 沈为民，张稳. 物流分拣与自动化. 黑龙江自动化技术与应用. 1997.Vol.16.No.3:36-38
[8] 吴启迪. 柔性制造自动化的原理与实践. 清华大学出版社. 1997:43-95
[9] Robert，Eastman（美）. Materials Handling. 1987.No.2:15-25
[10] Marcel Dekker. Inc. Material Handling. 1983.No.6:32-35
[11] 王加林，张雷丽. 物流系统工程. 北京：中国物资出版社. 1987:12-62
[12] 张根保. 自动化制造系统. 机械工业出版社. 1995:144-151
[13] 姜玉宪. 控制系统仿真. 北京航空航天大学出版社. 1998:1-12
[14] 王维平，朱一凡. 离散事件系统建模与仿真. 国防科技大学出版社. 1997:80-178
[15] 王梅生. 离散事件动态系统（DEDS）的扰动分析（上、下）. 控制与决策. 1989.（2）:56-61
[16] HO. A survey of the perturbation analysis of discrete event dynamic system. Annals of Operation Research. 1985.（3）:393-402
[17] Solberg JJ.A mathematical models of computerized manufacturing systems . Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Production Research .Tokyo:1977:281-289
[18] 董逸生等. 一个面向对象的建模工具. 第三届中国计算机集成制造系统学术会议论文集. 1994:356-361
[19] Ravichandran ramarathman，Chakravarty Amiya K. Decision support in flexible manufacturing system using timed Petri nets. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 1989.5(2):89-101
[20] Magott.Performance evaluation of concurrent system using Petri nets. Inform.Processing Lett. 1984.18(1):7-13
[21] Tadao Murata. Petri nets:Properties，Analysis and Applications.Proceedings of The IEEE. 1984.18(1):7-13
[22] Booch. Object-oriented development. IEEE Tr. 1986. SE-12:43-50
[23]James rumbaugh, Michael Blaha, William Premerlani, Freedrick Eddy and William Lorensen. Object-oriented Modeling and design. Prentice Hall. 1991.23-27
[24] Adiga etal. Object-oriented software modeling of a flexible manufacturing system. Journal Intelligent
and Robotic system. 1990:147-165
[25] 杨盛. 递归网系统─一种新的网系统模型的初步研究. 清华大学研究生学报. 1994.No1: 10-15
[26] 葛玮，张建军. 一种基于Petri网的半形式化面向对象的开发方法. 第三届中国计算机集成制造系统学术会议论文集. 1994:127-132
[27] 常发亮，刘长有. 自动化立体仓库输送系统调度的优化仿真及其应用研究. 系统仿真学报. 1998.Vol.10.No.5:14-19
[28] Kyasacic P. Computer controlled conveying system and automatic picking .Proc of the 6th International Conf on Automation in warehousing. 1984:277-317
[29] tian G H，Liu Ch Y. Modeling.analysis and control of DEDS in the framework of temporal logic: a case study. Automatic(IFAC'96). San Francisco，California，USA. 1996:82-90
[30] 田国会，徐心和. 自动化仓库输送过程调度问题研究. 计算机集成制造系统. 1998.No.2:51-55
[31] 周志诚，林同曾. 运筹学教程. 立信会计图书用品社. 1988:536-581
[32] 周德译，袁南儿. 计算机智能监测控制系统的设计及应用. 清华大学出版社. 2002:10-14