降解含氯造纸漂白废水优势菌的选育和固定化研究
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摘要
本文以广东甘化厂造纸漂白废水为研究对象，针对漂白废水中有机氯化合物种类多、难降解的特点，筛选优势菌并进行固定化处理研究。
用该废水驯化活性污泥，从中分离纯化出单一菌种，以CODcr和有机氯为指标，筛选出降解效果好的优势菌，并对其进行固定化，提高漂白废水中有机氯的去除率。
对驯化成熟的活性污泥进行分离得到18株菌株，挑选生长良好的十种菌，以30％和50％原废水作为筛选培养基进行菌种的复筛，筛选出降解漂白废水的优势菌为A2、A6、B3、C2。
对筛选出的优势菌进行降解实验，主要讨论了废水浓度、pH值、菌液量和葡萄糖加入量对处理效果的影响。结果表明，当废水浓度为50％，pH为7，菌液量为2ml时，CODcr和有机氯的处理效果最好。而葡萄糖的加入对有机氯的降解具有刺激作用，有机氯的降解率随葡萄糖加入量的增加而提高，从经济与处理效率两方面考虑，取0.4g／L。
通过对固定化材料进行实验研究，得出固定化复合载体的最佳选材和组成为：12％PVA和双层纱布作固定化载体，添加3％的二氧化硅、0.4％的海藻酸钠和0.3％的碳酸钙。
选择包埋量和废水浓度两个因素进行单一菌固定化的降解实验研究，结果表明，废水浓度是影响有机氯和CODcr降解效率的主要因素。最佳工艺条件为：废水浓度为50％，包埋量为0.6％。
将固定化的单一菌两两混合处理漂白废水，结果表明处理效果优于固定化单一菌和游离菌，有机氯的最高降解率达85.1％，CODcr的最高降解率达45.7％。有机氯和CODcr的去除率随时间而波动。
气相色谱-质谱分析表明，筛选出的优势单一菌固定后混合能够降解废水中大部分有机氯。
本文还对有机氯的降解机理进行了较详细的探讨。
Treating bleaching wastewater in Guangdong sugarcane chemistry plant by cultivating and immobilizing bacteria technology is studied in this paper. There are many kinds of organic chlorine which are hard to degrade in the wastewater.
Acclimate activated sludge with bleaching wastewater, isolate and depurate some single bacterium, select effective dominant bacteria with the removal of CODcr and organic chlorine as indicatrix and immobilize them to improve the removal of organic chlorine in bleaching wastewater.
We get eighteen single bacteria from the activated sludge acclimated, choose ten growing well bacteria to degrade bleaching wastewater of 30% and 50% and screen the dominant bacteria as j^ A6> B3% C2.
Using the dominant to degrade wastewater, we discuss how wastewater concentration, pH, inoculation quantity and glucose affect the removal of CODcr and organic chlorine. The results show that the removal of CODcr and organic chlorine are best when the wastewater concentration is 50%, pH is 7 and inoculation quantity is 2ml. Adding some glucose can stimulate the degrading of organic chlorine and the removal of organic chlorine is improved as adding more glucose. We choose 0.4g/L considering economy and treatment efficiency.
We get the best immobilized carrier and ingredient are 12% PVA and double deck gauze, adding 3% SiOz, 0.4% sodium alginate, 0.3% CaCOs.
We immobilize single bacteria to treat wastewater and comparing the removal efficiency with different wastewater concentration and bacteria quantity embedded. The results show that wastewater concentration is the greater factors which affect the removal efficiency. The best conditions are wastewater 50%, bacteria quantity embedded 0. 6%.
Mix every two immobilized single bacterium to treat wastewater and the results show that the treatment efficiency is better than immobilized
Abstract
single bacterium and dissociation bacteria. The best treatment efficiency is organic chlorine 85.1%, CODcr 45. 7%. The removal of organic chlorine and CODcr fluctuate with time.
The analytic results obtained by GC-MS show that a majority of organic chlorine can be degraded by the mixed immobilized single dominant bacteria.
In addition, the mechanism of organic chlorine degraded is discussed in details.
用该废水驯化活性污泥，从中分离纯化出单一菌种，以CODcr和有机氯为指标，筛选出降解效果好的优势菌，并对其进行固定化，提高漂白废水中有机氯的去除率。
对驯化成熟的活性污泥进行分离得到18株菌株，挑选生长良好的十种菌，以30％和50％原废水作为筛选培养基进行菌种的复筛，筛选出降解漂白废水的优势菌为A2、A6、B3、C2。
对筛选出的优势菌进行降解实验，主要讨论了废水浓度、pH值、菌液量和葡萄糖加入量对处理效果的影响。结果表明，当废水浓度为50％，pH为7，菌液量为2ml时，CODcr和有机氯的处理效果最好。而葡萄糖的加入对有机氯的降解具有刺激作用，有机氯的降解率随葡萄糖加入量的增加而提高，从经济与处理效率两方面考虑，取0.4g／L。
通过对固定化材料进行实验研究，得出固定化复合载体的最佳选材和组成为：12％PVA和双层纱布作固定化载体，添加3％的二氧化硅、0.4％的海藻酸钠和0.3％的碳酸钙。
选择包埋量和废水浓度两个因素进行单一菌固定化的降解实验研究，结果表明，废水浓度是影响有机氯和CODcr降解效率的主要因素。最佳工艺条件为：废水浓度为50％，包埋量为0.6％。
将固定化的单一菌两两混合处理漂白废水，结果表明处理效果优于固定化单一菌和游离菌，有机氯的最高降解率达85.1％，CODcr的最高降解率达45.7％。有机氯和CODcr的去除率随时间而波动。
气相色谱-质谱分析表明，筛选出的优势单一菌固定后混合能够降解废水中大部分有机氯。
本文还对有机氯的降解机理进行了较详细的探讨。
Treating bleaching wastewater in Guangdong sugarcane chemistry plant by cultivating and immobilizing bacteria technology is studied in this paper. There are many kinds of organic chlorine which are hard to degrade in the wastewater.
Acclimate activated sludge with bleaching wastewater, isolate and depurate some single bacterium, select effective dominant bacteria with the removal of CODcr and organic chlorine as indicatrix and immobilize them to improve the removal of organic chlorine in bleaching wastewater.
We get eighteen single bacteria from the activated sludge acclimated, choose ten growing well bacteria to degrade bleaching wastewater of 30% and 50% and screen the dominant bacteria as j^ A6> B3% C2.
Using the dominant to degrade wastewater, we discuss how wastewater concentration, pH, inoculation quantity and glucose affect the removal of CODcr and organic chlorine. The results show that the removal of CODcr and organic chlorine are best when the wastewater concentration is 50%, pH is 7 and inoculation quantity is 2ml. Adding some glucose can stimulate the degrading of organic chlorine and the removal of organic chlorine is improved as adding more glucose. We choose 0.4g/L considering economy and treatment efficiency.
We get the best immobilized carrier and ingredient are 12% PVA and double deck gauze, adding 3% SiOz, 0.4% sodium alginate, 0.3% CaCOs.
We immobilize single bacteria to treat wastewater and comparing the removal efficiency with different wastewater concentration and bacteria quantity embedded. The results show that wastewater concentration is the greater factors which affect the removal efficiency. The best conditions are wastewater 50%, bacteria quantity embedded 0. 6%.
Mix every two immobilized single bacterium to treat wastewater and the results show that the treatment efficiency is better than immobilized
Abstract
single bacterium and dissociation bacteria. The best treatment efficiency is organic chlorine 85.1%, CODcr 45. 7%. The removal of organic chlorine and CODcr fluctuate with time.
The analytic results obtained by GC-MS show that a majority of organic chlorine can be degraded by the mixed immobilized single dominant bacteria.
In addition, the mechanism of organic chlorine degraded is discussed in details.
引文
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[10] 杨学富．制浆造纸工业废水处理．化学工业出版社，2001年，第一版：11
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[12] Tomar P.,Allen D.G.Removal of organochlorines from Kraft pulps mill effluent by anaerated lagoon,Wat.Poll.Res.J.Canada,1991,26(1):101
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[15] 瞿福平等．氯代芳香化合物的生物降解性研究进展．环境科学，1997，18(2)：74-78
[16] 谢澄等．生物流化床-化学絮凝法处理纸浆漂白废水．工业用水与废水，2002，(1)
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degradation of organic chlorine from kraft bleaching waste waters.In Proc.Third IA WPRC Symp.On Forest Iundustry Wastewaters.Tampere.Finland.1990:5-8
[19] Salkinoja S.,et al.Fluidized bed technology in the anaerobic treatment of forest industry wastewaters.Wat,Sci.Tech.,1985,17:77-80
[20] Boman H.,et al.Membrane filtration combined with biological treatment for purification of bleach plant effluent.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1991, 24:219-228
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[29] Vanotti, M.B;Hunt,P.G.Nitrification treatment of swine wastewater with acclimated nitrifying sludge immobilized in polymer pellets.Tansactions of the Asae.,2000,43(2):405-414.
[30] gadomi, H.;Takahasi,T.Simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand nitrate in aerobic treatment of sewage wastewater using an immobilized photosynthetic bacterium of porous ceramic plates.World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology,2000,16(1):57-62.
[31] 席淑琪等．固定化污泥除磷的初步研究．污染防治技术，1999，12(4)：233-234，248
[32] Bokhamy M,etal.Degradation of sodium anthraquinone sulphonate by
free and immobilized bacterial cultures [J].ApplMicrobiol Biotechnol,1994,41: 652-657.
[33] Lee ST, etal.Biodegradation of pyridine by freely and suspyridine by immobilized pimelobactersp.[J].Appl Mocrobiol Biotechnol,1994, 41:652-657
[34] 黄霞等．固定化优势菌种处理焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的试验研究．中国环境科学，1995，15(1)：1-4
[35] 王双飞等．PVA-HBO3包埋白腐菌处理苇浆漂白废水的研究．中国造纸学报，1997，12：75-81
[36] Puhakka JA,etal.Aerobic fluidized-bed treatment of polychlorinated phenolic wood preservative constitutents.Wat Res,1992,26:765
[37] Hu Z,etal.Adsorption and Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by polyurethane-immobilized Flavobacterium.Environ Sci Technol,1994,28:L491
[38] Wiesel I,etal.Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by an immobilized mixed bacterial culture.Appl Microbiol.Biotechnol,1993, 39:110-116
[39] Rothenburger S,etal.Hydroxylation and biodegradation of 6-methylquinoline by Pseudomonas in aqueous and nonaqueous immobilized cell bioreactors.Appl Environ Microbiol,1993,59:21-39
[40] Ulonoska A,etal.Degradation of quinoline by immobilized Comamonas acidovorans in a three phase air lift reactor.Biotechnol Bioeng,1995,46:80-87
[41] 罗颖．造纸漂白废水中氯代芳香族化合物的微生物降解．中山大学硕士学位论文，1999
[42] 国家环保局．水和废水监测分析方法．1997年，第三版：290-292
[43] 吴小磊等．海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇作为固定化微生物包埋剂的研究．环境科学，1992，14(2)：28—31
[44] 黄霞等．固定化优势菌种处理焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的试验研究．中国环境科学，1995，15(1)：2
[45]沈德中．污染环境的生物修复．化学工业出版社，2002年，第一版：53-54
[46}Horvath R S Bacter.Rev..1972,36(2):146
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[2] 刘秉钺．造纸工业污染控制与环境保护．中国轻工业出版社，2000年，第一版：6
[3] 杨学富．制浆造纸工业废水处理．化学工业出版社，2001年，第一版：1
[4] Cooper,J.S.Dioxin:an industry success.Tappi J.,1993,76(10):10
[5] Sarkanen, KV and Goyal,G.Proceedings of TAPPI International Pulp Bleaching Conference.Orlando,USA:1988.77
[6] Hrutfiord,B F and Negi,AR.Chemosphere.1992,25(1):53
[7] Rappe,C,Swanson,S et al.Pulp and Paper Cannda.1989,90(8):42
[8] 武书彬．造纸工业水污染控制与治理技术化学工业出版社，2001年，第一版：27
[9] 刘秉钺．造纸工业污染控制与环境保护．中国轻工业出版社，2000年，第一版：7
[10] 杨学富．制浆造纸工业废水处理．化学工业出版社，2001年，第一版：11
[11] Davies JS. Biologica treatment and color reduction ibn Alberta bleached kraft mill effluents.TAPPI Envir Conf.Seattle,1990,4:15-22
[12] Tomar P.,Allen D.G.Removal of organochlorines from Kraft pulps mill effluent by anaerated lagoon,Wat.Poll.Res.J.Canada,1991,26(1):101
[13] John Graves et al.Remova of chlorophenolics from anaerated lagoon.Tappi J.,1995, 78(5):99-104
[14] Broche Due A.,etal.5th IA WQ Symp.For.Ind.Wastewaters,Vancouver,B.C.,Can.1996:403
[15] 瞿福平等．氯代芳香化合物的生物降解性研究进展．环境科学，1997，18(2)：74-78
[16] 谢澄等．生物流化床-化学絮凝法处理纸浆漂白废水．工业用水与废水，2002，(1)
[17] Fitzsimons R.,etal.Anaerobic dechlorination degradation of chlorinated organic compound bleach plant effluents.Envir.Sci.Technol.,1990,24:1744-1748
[18] Ferguson J.F.,etal.Investigation of anaerobic removal and
degradation of organic chlorine from kraft bleaching waste waters.In Proc.Third IA WPRC Symp.On Forest Iundustry Wastewaters.Tampere.Finland.1990:5-8
[19] Salkinoja S.,et al.Fluidized bed technology in the anaerobic treatment of forest industry wastewaters.Wat,Sci.Tech.,1985,17:77-80
[20] Boman H.,et al.Membrane filtration combined with biological treatment for purification of bleach plant effluent.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1991, 24:219-228
[21] Haggblom M,et al.Biodegradability of chlorinated organic compounds in pulp bleaching effluents.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1991,24(3/4):161-170
[22] Wang X.,et al.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1997,35(2):101
[23] Liu H.W.,et al.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1997,35(2):77
[24] Fahmy M, et al. Anaerobic aerobic fluidiaed bed biotreatment of sulphite pulp bleaching effluents 1. global parameters.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1994,28(9):1987
[25] 林青山等．固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用．上海环境科学，2000，19(10)
[26] 刘雨等．生物膜法污水处理技术．中国建筑工业出版社．2000，38-40
[27] 黄霞等．固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用．环境科学，1993，14(1)
[28] 刘建广．聚乙烯醇固定化细胞技术及特性研究．山东建筑工程学院学报，1997，12(2)：65-68
[29] Vanotti, M.B;Hunt,P.G.Nitrification treatment of swine wastewater with acclimated nitrifying sludge immobilized in polymer pellets.Tansactions of the Asae.,2000,43(2):405-414.
[30] gadomi, H.;Takahasi,T.Simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand nitrate in aerobic treatment of sewage wastewater using an immobilized photosynthetic bacterium of porous ceramic plates.World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology,2000,16(1):57-62.
[31] 席淑琪等．固定化污泥除磷的初步研究．污染防治技术，1999，12(4)：233-234，248
[32] Bokhamy M,etal.Degradation of sodium anthraquinone sulphonate by
free and immobilized bacterial cultures [J].ApplMicrobiol Biotechnol,1994,41: 652-657.
[33] Lee ST, etal.Biodegradation of pyridine by freely and suspyridine by immobilized pimelobactersp.[J].Appl Mocrobiol Biotechnol,1994, 41:652-657
[34] 黄霞等．固定化优势菌种处理焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的试验研究．中国环境科学，1995，15(1)：1-4
[35] 王双飞等．PVA-HBO3包埋白腐菌处理苇浆漂白废水的研究．中国造纸学报，1997，12：75-81
[36] Puhakka JA,etal.Aerobic fluidized-bed treatment of polychlorinated phenolic wood preservative constitutents.Wat Res,1992,26:765
[37] Hu Z,etal.Adsorption and Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by polyurethane-immobilized Flavobacterium.Environ Sci Technol,1994,28:L491
[38] Wiesel I,etal.Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by an immobilized mixed bacterial culture.Appl Microbiol.Biotechnol,1993, 39:110-116
[39] Rothenburger S,etal.Hydroxylation and biodegradation of 6-methylquinoline by Pseudomonas in aqueous and nonaqueous immobilized cell bioreactors.Appl Environ Microbiol,1993,59:21-39
[40] Ulonoska A,etal.Degradation of quinoline by immobilized Comamonas acidovorans in a three phase air lift reactor.Biotechnol Bioeng,1995,46:80-87
[41] 罗颖．造纸漂白废水中氯代芳香族化合物的微生物降解．中山大学硕士学位论文，1999
[42] 国家环保局．水和废水监测分析方法．1997年，第三版：290-292
[43] 吴小磊等．海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇作为固定化微生物包埋剂的研究．环境科学，1992，14(2)：28—31
[44] 黄霞等．固定化优势菌种处理焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的试验研究．中国环境科学，1995，15(1)：2
[45]沈德中．污染环境的生物修复．化学工业出版社，2002年，第一版：53-54
[46}Horvath R S Bacter.Rev..1972,36(2):146
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