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中国经济后高速增长阶段研究
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摘要
自1978年实施改革开放国策以来到2007年,我国经济已经持续高速增长了29年,而且年均增长率达到了9.9%以上。如果2008年我国的经济增长率不低于10%,我国这30年的平均增长率达到9.9%以上。这就刷新了日本在二次大战以后持续29年增长率在9%以上的世界最高纪录。2005年曾掀起一轮关于我国经济冷热的热烈争论,而当前经济已经出现过热趋势,在CPI持续高企的背景下,国内外乐观派和悲观派学者对于2008年北京奥运会之后的我国经济冷热更是展开了热烈的争论。我们有必要撇开经济短期的冷热之争,准确判断我国经济的长期增长趋势,认清我国经济增长所处的阶段,为正确判断宏观经济走势和制定宏观经济政策提供客观的依据。
     本文首先对国内外的经济增长阶段理论和思想作了综述,社会主义学者和西方经济学家通过对各国经济发展史的经验实证考察,从不同的研究视角对经济增长的阶段规律进行了丰富的归纳和总结。尽管这些经济增长阶段理论的划分标准不一定适合我国国情,但是掌握经济增长阶段思想和理论对于认清我国经济发展规律具有重要借鉴意义。
     论文进一步对有关我国的经济增长阶段研究进行评介,从经济周期波动特点的角度对我国历年经济增长阶段性特征进行分析。我国具有国土辽阔“大国”的背景特点,文中在分析我国经济发展特殊性的基础上,对我国即将进入的经济增长阶段进行判断,提出我国经济后高速增长阶段的概念,其包含两层含义,一是指这一增长阶段是在持续高速增长29年之后所将进入的一个增长阶段,是高速增长阶段的一个后续增长阶段;二是这一增长阶段也是一个高速增长的阶段。论文接下来通过理论联系我国的实际,对我国进入经济后高速增长阶段的可能性和维持经济后高速增长阶段的动力进行分析,然后通过对我国潜在产出增长率的预测对我国经济后高速增长阶段的可能性进行了客观验证。
     首先从国际竞争的视角对我国进入后高速增长阶段的可能性进行了分析,布雷兹斯—克鲁格曼—齐登的蛙跳模型,揭示一国经济增长离不开与其他国家的联系,一国的经济增长就是在国与国竞争,相互赶超相互牵制下进行着的。后发国家往往能够“赶超”先发国家,而先发国家的领导地位则可能被“锁定”,因此就形成了兴衰交替的世界经济发展历史。这体现在经济总量增长率上,就表现出你高我低或者我高你低的交替起伏现象,形成了国家之间经济增长阶段交相辉映的发展历史。在世界经济发展史上就有美国赶超英国、日本追赶美国和亚洲“四小龙”追赶西欧国家等几次后发国家“赶超”先发国家成功先例。改革开放政策启动了我国的赶超历程,但是这一个赶超历程远未结束,我国进入后高速增长阶段是国家间竞争与我国和平崛起的必然要求。
     其次,从区域发展的视角对我国维持经济后高速增长阶段的动力进行分析。经济增长极理论揭示采用增长极模式对于区域以至整个经济体经济发展的作用。文中对经济增长极的含义、作用、类型以及成功实践作了介绍,而后对其模型化并对模型进行分析和求解,验证经济增长极的重要启示。我国区域非均衡发展战略是经济增长极理论在我国的具体实践,东部沿海地区成功开发和发展就得益于经济增长极理论的实践。我国区域工业化水平和所处阶段存在很大差异,这是我国维持后高速增长阶段动力所在。我国的西部大开发、振兴东北老工业基地和中部崛起战略的实施,加快促进了我国新经济增长极的培育,这些新经济增长极的培育是我国维持后高速增长阶段的动力保证。
     再次,通过实证测算对我国经济后高速增长阶段的可能性进行验证。尽管在短期中,实际的经济增长总是围绕一个特定趋势上下波动,表现为经济波动,也就是经济的冷热。但是在长期中,任何一个国家的经济都存在着一个特定的增长路径或增长趋势。我们可以通过对我国潜在产出的测度并预测以后一个阶段的潜在产出和潜在产出增长率,对我国经济后高速增长阶段进行可能性实证。文中介绍经济潜在产出的理论及方法,应用HP滤波法和生产函数法对我国潜在产出与潜在经济增长率进行实证测算,进一步应用ARIMA模型对我国未来潜在产出与潜在经济增长率进行预测,预测结果更客观地验证了我国经济进入和维持高速增长阶段的可能性。
     本文的最后部分对论文的观点、论据、结论进行总结,并给出我国经济后高速增长阶段的相关政策建议,指出论文研究所存在的有待完善之处,对以后可以继续研究的思路和方向进行展望。
     总之,我国进入和维持后高速增长阶段有着理论和现实的依据。我国特殊的国情和“大国”背景,决定劳动力、资本和技术能够在区域间交叉移动,繁荣在地区间渐进渗透、辐射,在较长一段时期内,我国的经济增长点将不只限于某一个,而是多个,从而形成增长点多极化、多点释放“能量”的经济格局,形成“东方不亮西方亮”此起彼伏的发展格局,不会出现因部分地区产出下降而导致经济停滞的现象,在持续高速增长29年之后还将进入一个长期的后高速增长阶段。
Our country's economy have got a rapid growth at a rate over 9.9 per cent for 29 years since the reform and opening up policy carried into cxecution from 1978 to 2007. If the economic growth rate not less than 10% in 2008, we will have a 30 years' economic rapid growth at a rate of more than 9.9 per cent, which will update the world's highest record created by Japan whose 29 years durative rapid growth at more than 9 percent after World War II. An active debate on the cold & hot economy was set off in China in 2005. Under the background of existing economy trends to overheating and the CPI keep increasing, a hot debate has been held by the scholars with optimistic opinions and the scholars with pessimistic opinions came from inland and overseas on economic hot & cold after 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in China. It is necessary to put aside the debate of the short-term economic cold or hot, and get an accurate judgement of China's long-term economic growth trend, understand China's current economic growth stage, then try to provide an objective basis for the correct judgement of macroeconomic trends and the formulation of macroeconomic policies.
     This dissertation summarized the economic growth stage theory and thought come from domestic and abroad. Over the empirical research on several national economic developmental practices, socialism scholars and Western economists have done a rich conclusion and summary on the economic growth stage from different perspectives. Although these partition standards of economic growth stage maybe not necessarily fit for China's status, the research on economic growth stage theory and ideas have an important reference to recognize and understand China's economic growth stage.
     This dissertation have done a further evaluation on the stage of China's economic growth stage, and analyses the characteristics of annual economic increase stage from an perspective of fluctuations in the economic cycle. From the vast land of China's 'big nation' in the context of economic development on the basis of uniqueness of China's economic growth, to judge the economic increase stage into which our country is about to enter, proposed the concept of our country's post-stage rapid growth which contains two meanings, first, that this will be a new stage in the continued growth after a 29 years durative increase at high-speed, and the second is the growth stage is also a high-growth stage as well. Through the theory related to our country's practice, the dissertation analyses of the probability of maintaining high-speed economic growth stage and the dynamic mechanism of keeping the post-stage rapid growth, and then through the forecast of China's potential output growth rate the dissertation give an objectively verification on the possibility of China's economy post-stage rapid growth.
     Firstly, analysis the necessity of China's entering the stage of post-stage rapid growth, Brezis-Krugman-Tsiddon leapfrogging model reveals that one country's economic growth has essential linkages with other countries & one State economic growth is in the state-to-state competition and mutual catching up with each other under the constraint. Post-developmental countries are able to 'catching up' the fore-developmental countries, while the leadership position may be 'lock in', and therefore form the alternative development history between the rising and falling. If it is revealed as gross economic increase, that shall be the phenomenon of alternative between my high you low and you high my low, which formed the cross development history of different economic increase stage between different countries. There are precedent successful examples such as the United States over-take the United Kingdom, Japan chase the United States and Asia's 'Four Little Dragons' catch up with Western European countries. The reform and opening up policy launched China's chasing journey, while the journey is far from the ending. China's entering into the post-stage rapid growth and the maintenance of the stage is the inevitable requirement of the competition between countries and China's peaceful rise.
     Secondly, analyses the maintaining motive factors of China's post-stage rapid growth from the perspective of the regional development. Economic growth pole theory reveals the effect of a growth pole model take in the regional economy and the economy as a whole. The meaning & effect & type & successful examples of the economic growth pole have been introduced in this dissertation, which were made to models, and then analyses & solute the models to verify the economic development pole enlightenment.
     China's regional non-balanced development strategy is the economic growth pole theory applied to China's concrete practice, the rapid development of the eastern coastal areas got benefit from economic growth pole theory of inspiration. There is a big different between China's region industrialization in the region and the level of the stage, which is the power of the post-stage rapid growth of China. The strategy implementation of Large-scale development of China's western region & revitalizing old industrial bases in northeast & central China growing up speed up the nurture of China's new economic growth pole which is the power of maintaining the post-stage rapid growth of China.
     In addition, the possibility of the post-stage rapid growth of China was verified through empirical estimation. Although in the short term, the actual economic growth always fluctuate around it's trend, showed fluctuations in the economy, which is the economy hot and cold, while in the long term, there is a specific growth path or growth trend in any of a country's economy. We can verify the possibility of post-stage rapid growth through measure and predict our country's potential output & potential output growth rate in a subsequent stage. The economic potential output theory and methodology were introduced in this dissertation, and the HP filter method & production function approach were applied to calculate China's potential output & potential output growth rate, and AR1MA model was further applied to forecast our country's potential output in the future, which objectively verified the possibility of our country's entering and maintaining high-speed increase stage.
     The views, arguments, conclusions were summarized in the last part of this dissertation, relevant policy recommendations on maintaining economic post-stage rapid growth were provided as well. Pointing out the imperfect in this dissertation will prospect the future thoughts and directions in research.
     Generally, there is a theoretical and practical basis for China's entering into and maintaining post-high-speed growth stage. Labour & Capital & Technology can be across moved between different regions under China's special status and 'big nation' background, and the gradual infiltration and radiation of prosperity will take among regions. In a longer period, China's economic growth will be set not only a particular one but many, which forming a economic structure of multi-polar growth point and multi-point release of 'energy' and forming 'when it is dark in the east, it is bright in the west' development pattern at rise one after another. There will be a post-stage rapid growth stage after a durative 29 years high-speed increases none economic stagnation phenomenon resulted from output decline in some areas.
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