石家庄市地下水环境演化规律研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展以及人口的增长,工业用水量和生活用水量大幅度增加,水资源短缺问题已经凸显,而部分地区地下水被污染、开发利用不合理等问题,使得可利用的水资源更加紧张。
石家庄市位于太行山前地带,水资源利用主要以地下水为主。长期以来由于超量开采地下水以及污染物的不合理排放,造成了石家庄市地下水位持续下降、降落漏斗的形成、浅层水受到不同程度的污染、地下水化学类型的改变等一系列环境地质问题。地下水资源不足已严重制约了石家庄市工业与农业的发展。
本文以石家庄市地下水为研究对象,首先概述了该地区的字自然地理状况及多年来地下水位动态特征以及地下水质变化特征。在系统分析该地区水文地质特征的基础上,应用Processing modflow软件建立了地下水系统二维数值模型,对地下水流场变化趋势做了预测,并对预测结果做了分析。本论文主要包括以下几方面内容:
(1)综述了本论文的研究意义、当前国内外对地下水循环演化、地下水数值模拟的研究现状。
(2)论述了石家庄地下水水位埋深现状以及变化规律、水位变差特征以及地下水下降漏斗的发展变化规律。
(3)论述了石家庄地下水化学类型变化、矿化度与总硬度的变化、主要离子的变化、地下水污染现状以及污染程度的变化,并分析造成地下水水质变化的人为因素。
(4)在系统分析石家庄市地下水系统的补、径、排特征、含水层的空间分布特征等水文地质条件的基础上,建立地下水系统数值模型,预测不同开采条件下石家庄市地下水的流场变化情况;预测结果表明按目前开采量进行开采,随着时间的推移,地下水位持续下降,可用水资源量不断减少;而按规划合理开采地下水和实施节水措施后地下水环境恶化状况得到改善;结合国家有关法规政策和该地区水文地质条件,提出解决水资源量减少的对策。
With our country's economic rapidly development and population rapidly growth, water resource demand in industrial and domestic have a significant increase, the problem of shortage of water resource has been highlighted, and a serious of problem such as contaminated groundwater in some areas、unreasonable use groundwater etc, so that the available water resources to become more and more tense.
Shijiazhuang is located in the piedmont zone of Taihang Mount, its water resources based mainly on groundwater. as a result of a long time over exploitation of groundwater and unreasonable discharge of pollutants, a series of changes environmental geology problem has come. For example: continuous decline in groundwater levels、landed a ground water funnel shape, shallow water has been polluted and groundwater chemical types etc. Lack of groundwater resources has seriously constrained the development of Shijiazhuang city.
This article bases on the groundwater of Shijiazhuang for study, first of all, overview of the basic situation in the region、over the years's characteristics of the groundwater level changes and groundwater quality. On the basis of analysis at the regionhydrogeological, application software of Processing modflow set up a two-dimensional numerical model of groundwater system, and made a prediction Change of groundwater flow field. This thesis include the following main aspects:
(1) Overview the current status quo of the evolution of the water environment and the numerical simulation of groundwater research, drawing on the research of the status quo ,basis of the existence problem in the region, raise the study context of the thesis.
(2) Sets out over the years's changes of groundwater's levels and law、the changes of groundwater's level conditions and law, and the law of the decline in Shijiazhuang groundwater's development and changes in the law of the funnel of Shijiazhuang.
(3) Sets out the underground water's changes of chemical types, salinity and total hardness, major ion , groundwater pollution and changes in pollution levels, and to analyze the human factors in changes groundwater quality.
(4) In the analysis of Shijiazhuang groundwater systems's meeting scheduled track characteristics、the characteristics of aquifer spatial distribution of hydrogeological conditions, set up a numerical model of groundwater system, prediction the Change of groundwater flow field in Shijiazhuang City; The results show that with the the passage of time, the water table continued to decline, the available water resources steady. Combination of regulations and policies of the country and hydro-geological conditions, propose a solutions to reduce the water resources' s decline.
石家庄市位于太行山前地带,水资源利用主要以地下水为主。长期以来由于超量开采地下水以及污染物的不合理排放,造成了石家庄市地下水位持续下降、降落漏斗的形成、浅层水受到不同程度的污染、地下水化学类型的改变等一系列环境地质问题。地下水资源不足已严重制约了石家庄市工业与农业的发展。
本文以石家庄市地下水为研究对象,首先概述了该地区的字自然地理状况及多年来地下水位动态特征以及地下水质变化特征。在系统分析该地区水文地质特征的基础上,应用Processing modflow软件建立了地下水系统二维数值模型,对地下水流场变化趋势做了预测,并对预测结果做了分析。本论文主要包括以下几方面内容:
(1)综述了本论文的研究意义、当前国内外对地下水循环演化、地下水数值模拟的研究现状。
(2)论述了石家庄地下水水位埋深现状以及变化规律、水位变差特征以及地下水下降漏斗的发展变化规律。
(3)论述了石家庄地下水化学类型变化、矿化度与总硬度的变化、主要离子的变化、地下水污染现状以及污染程度的变化,并分析造成地下水水质变化的人为因素。
(4)在系统分析石家庄市地下水系统的补、径、排特征、含水层的空间分布特征等水文地质条件的基础上,建立地下水系统数值模型,预测不同开采条件下石家庄市地下水的流场变化情况;预测结果表明按目前开采量进行开采,随着时间的推移,地下水位持续下降,可用水资源量不断减少;而按规划合理开采地下水和实施节水措施后地下水环境恶化状况得到改善;结合国家有关法规政策和该地区水文地质条件,提出解决水资源量减少的对策。
With our country's economic rapidly development and population rapidly growth, water resource demand in industrial and domestic have a significant increase, the problem of shortage of water resource has been highlighted, and a serious of problem such as contaminated groundwater in some areas、unreasonable use groundwater etc, so that the available water resources to become more and more tense.
Shijiazhuang is located in the piedmont zone of Taihang Mount, its water resources based mainly on groundwater. as a result of a long time over exploitation of groundwater and unreasonable discharge of pollutants, a series of changes environmental geology problem has come. For example: continuous decline in groundwater levels、landed a ground water funnel shape, shallow water has been polluted and groundwater chemical types etc. Lack of groundwater resources has seriously constrained the development of Shijiazhuang city.
This article bases on the groundwater of Shijiazhuang for study, first of all, overview of the basic situation in the region、over the years's characteristics of the groundwater level changes and groundwater quality. On the basis of analysis at the regionhydrogeological, application software of Processing modflow set up a two-dimensional numerical model of groundwater system, and made a prediction Change of groundwater flow field. This thesis include the following main aspects:
(1) Overview the current status quo of the evolution of the water environment and the numerical simulation of groundwater research, drawing on the research of the status quo ,basis of the existence problem in the region, raise the study context of the thesis.
(2) Sets out over the years's changes of groundwater's levels and law、the changes of groundwater's level conditions and law, and the law of the decline in Shijiazhuang groundwater's development and changes in the law of the funnel of Shijiazhuang.
(3) Sets out the underground water's changes of chemical types, salinity and total hardness, major ion , groundwater pollution and changes in pollution levels, and to analyze the human factors in changes groundwater quality.
(4) In the analysis of Shijiazhuang groundwater systems's meeting scheduled track characteristics、the characteristics of aquifer spatial distribution of hydrogeological conditions, set up a numerical model of groundwater system, prediction the Change of groundwater flow field in Shijiazhuang City; The results show that with the the passage of time, the water table continued to decline, the available water resources steady. Combination of regulations and policies of the country and hydro-geological conditions, propose a solutions to reduce the water resources' s decline.
引文
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