中国区域技术能力增长：技术学习的视角
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摘要
世界经济发展实践告诉我们，科学技术的进步将极大地推动经济社会的全面发展。中国已经成为世界经济大国，但经济增长的质量值得商榷。粗放型增长方式给中国带来了巨大的社会成本，转变经济发展方式迫在眉睫。中国地域辽阔，不同区域间发展差距甚大，技术创新能力存在着更大的差异性。本文将技术能力概念引入到区域层面，试图在技术学习的视角下探索中国不同区域技术能力增长的路径。
论文首先回顾了区域竞争力理论、新增长理论、技术转移理论、区域创新理论，指出了在区域经济发展中技术进步的重要作用，说明了技术学习在区域技术进步中的积极意义。在梳理现有技术能力概念的基础上，结合对区域的理解，本文对区域技术能力进行了定义，并阐述了区域技术能力的四项特征。同时，从区域技术能力增长过程的角度，将区域技术能力分解为区域技术获取能力、区域技术运用能力、区域技术生成能力。在此基础上，结合已有的技术能力增长轨迹，本文提出了区域技术能力增长的“平台-台阶”模型。
通过构建区域技术能力评价框架，本文运用因子分析法对中国31个省级区域技术能力进行了评价。总体结论是，技术环境、技术主体、资源投入是中国区域技术能力增长的最重要的因素，由此归纳出中国区域技术能力演进的三种模式：环境优越型、企业主体型和资源投入型。进一步的逻辑演绎显示，三种技术能力增长模式的核心就是技术学习。在重新阐述区域技术学习的概念和特性基础上，本文讨论了技术学习在区域技术能力增长不同阶段的特征，并对影响技术学习效果的主要因素进行了理论分析和实证检验。
最后，本文论述了中国区域技术能力增长面对的新形势，在此基础上提出了不同区域的技术能力增长路径：对高技术能力区域而言，应主要通过集群技术学习促进区域技术能力增长；对低技术能力区域而言，应主要通过增强大中型企业的自主开发能力并强化扩散而促进区域技术能力增长。针对这两条技术能力增长路径，提出了相应的对策建议。
The practice of global economic development tells us that progress in science andtechnology will promote the economic and social development. China has become one ofthe world's largest economies,but the quality of economic growth is open to question.Many studies have told us that China has a pattern of high expenditure on economicdevelopment. And the development model has brought immense social costs,so changingits way is looming. China has a vast territory,and there is a big gap between differentregions in terms of economic development and the technological innovative capability.This paper will introduce the concept of technological capability to the regional level,andattempt to explore the ways of increasing China's regional technological capability ontechnological learning perspective.
Firstly,this paper reviewed the theory of regional competitiveness,new growingtheory,theory of technology transfer and regional innovation theory,then points out thattechnology is important to regional economic development. Also,the review shows theimportance of technological learning in technological progress. Based on the existingconcept of technological capability,combined with the understanding of the region,thispaper defines regional technological capability and illustrates its characteristics. In termsof growing process of regional technological capability,regional technological capabilityis made up of technology acquisition capability,technology application capability andtechnology creation capability. On this basis,with the tracks of technological capabilitydevelopment,this paper advances“platform-step”growth model of regionaltechnological capability.
By building the evaluation framework of regional technological capability,regionaltechnological capability on China's 31 provincial-level is evaluated with factor analysismethod. The overall conclusion is that technological capability is higher in developedregions. The result of factor analysis method shows that the technological environment,technological mainstay and resources are the most important factors in the growth ofChina's regional technological capability. Three patterns are summarized:The first is thatadvantageous Environment makes the greatest contribution,the second is that enterprisesas the mainstays make the greatest contribution,and the third is that resources make the greatest contribution. Further analysis shows that the essence of 3 pattems is technologicallearning.
After re-elaborating the concept of regional technological learning and its futures,this paper illustrates the characteristics of different stages in the growth of regionaltechnological capability. A theoretical analysis and an empirical test about the majorfactors which influence the effect of technological learning are made.
Finally,this paper discusses the situations which China is facing. On this basis,technological capability development paths of different region are put forth:for high-techregions,it is good to promote their technological capability by technological learning inclusters;for low-tech regions,it is good to promote their technological capability bystrengthening large and medium-size enterprises' self-development capacity andintensifying the technology diffusion capacity. In accordance with the above mentionedpaths,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.
论文首先回顾了区域竞争力理论、新增长理论、技术转移理论、区域创新理论，指出了在区域经济发展中技术进步的重要作用，说明了技术学习在区域技术进步中的积极意义。在梳理现有技术能力概念的基础上，结合对区域的理解，本文对区域技术能力进行了定义，并阐述了区域技术能力的四项特征。同时，从区域技术能力增长过程的角度，将区域技术能力分解为区域技术获取能力、区域技术运用能力、区域技术生成能力。在此基础上，结合已有的技术能力增长轨迹，本文提出了区域技术能力增长的“平台-台阶”模型。
通过构建区域技术能力评价框架，本文运用因子分析法对中国31个省级区域技术能力进行了评价。总体结论是，技术环境、技术主体、资源投入是中国区域技术能力增长的最重要的因素，由此归纳出中国区域技术能力演进的三种模式：环境优越型、企业主体型和资源投入型。进一步的逻辑演绎显示，三种技术能力增长模式的核心就是技术学习。在重新阐述区域技术学习的概念和特性基础上，本文讨论了技术学习在区域技术能力增长不同阶段的特征，并对影响技术学习效果的主要因素进行了理论分析和实证检验。
最后，本文论述了中国区域技术能力增长面对的新形势，在此基础上提出了不同区域的技术能力增长路径：对高技术能力区域而言，应主要通过集群技术学习促进区域技术能力增长；对低技术能力区域而言，应主要通过增强大中型企业的自主开发能力并强化扩散而促进区域技术能力增长。针对这两条技术能力增长路径，提出了相应的对策建议。
The practice of global economic development tells us that progress in science andtechnology will promote the economic and social development. China has become one ofthe world's largest economies,but the quality of economic growth is open to question.Many studies have told us that China has a pattern of high expenditure on economicdevelopment. And the development model has brought immense social costs,so changingits way is looming. China has a vast territory,and there is a big gap between differentregions in terms of economic development and the technological innovative capability.This paper will introduce the concept of technological capability to the regional level,andattempt to explore the ways of increasing China's regional technological capability ontechnological learning perspective.
Firstly,this paper reviewed the theory of regional competitiveness,new growingtheory,theory of technology transfer and regional innovation theory,then points out thattechnology is important to regional economic development. Also,the review shows theimportance of technological learning in technological progress. Based on the existingconcept of technological capability,combined with the understanding of the region,thispaper defines regional technological capability and illustrates its characteristics. In termsof growing process of regional technological capability,regional technological capabilityis made up of technology acquisition capability,technology application capability andtechnology creation capability. On this basis,with the tracks of technological capabilitydevelopment,this paper advances“platform-step”growth model of regionaltechnological capability.
By building the evaluation framework of regional technological capability,regionaltechnological capability on China's 31 provincial-level is evaluated with factor analysismethod. The overall conclusion is that technological capability is higher in developedregions. The result of factor analysis method shows that the technological environment,technological mainstay and resources are the most important factors in the growth ofChina's regional technological capability. Three patterns are summarized:The first is thatadvantageous Environment makes the greatest contribution,the second is that enterprisesas the mainstays make the greatest contribution,and the third is that resources make the greatest contribution. Further analysis shows that the essence of 3 pattems is technologicallearning.
After re-elaborating the concept of regional technological learning and its futures,this paper illustrates the characteristics of different stages in the growth of regionaltechnological capability. A theoretical analysis and an empirical test about the majorfactors which influence the effect of technological learning are made.
Finally,this paper discusses the situations which China is facing. On this basis,technological capability development paths of different region are put forth:for high-techregions,it is good to promote their technological capability by technological learning inclusters;for low-tech regions,it is good to promote their technological capability bystrengthening large and medium-size enterprises' self-development capacity andintensifying the technology diffusion capacity. In accordance with the above mentionedpaths,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.
引文
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