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在用医疗器械风险管理问题及对策研究
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摘要
目的:本研究论文旨在唤起人们对在用医疗器械风险管理问题的重视,并在加强我国在用医疗器械的行政监管,提高医院的风险管理水平,发挥医疗器械的使用效能和确保医患人员安全等方面提出建议,以供有关部门参考。
     方法:考虑到本论文研究内容具有一定的超前性,因此资料的收集主要采用重要知情人深入访谈、文献收集等方法。资料分析采用对比分析法、综合法、归纳法等。
     内容:本论文阐述了在用医疗器械风险管理问题的重要性,并介绍在用医疗器械风险管理活动和几种重要的风险分析方法。
     通过研究和借鉴美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的在用医疗器械管理经验,从政府监管和医院管理两个层次,对我国在用医疗器械管理现状进行了全面、系统且较为深入的分析,提出我国在用医疗器械政府监管和医院管理中所存在的问题,剖析了我国在用医疗器械的相关风险因素。并针对存在的问题和风险因素,就如何加强在用医疗器械安全监管和医院医疗器械风险管理工作,以提高医疗器械应用安全,从政府-医院-医技科室,三个层面分别提出相应的建议和对策。
     最后,对于本课题的进一步研究提出了展望。
     结论:美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大、澳大利亚的在用医疗器械风险管理尽管也才刚刚起步,但其在政府监管体制、监管实施模式、上市后监管措施、法律法规和医院风险管理等方面,都存在一些共同的先进经验值得我国借鉴。
     我国在用医疗器械风险管理存在问题:在用医疗器械监管工作已有一定的成果,但仍需完善;在用医疗器械风险问题未引起足够重视,医院器械风险管理意识不足;医院器械维护、维修不全面,器械安全有效运行需要更多保障;检测技术指标尚未建全,在用医疗器械检测存在诸多问题;临床工程技术人员职业技能水平不一,高级人才流失严重;设备操作规范化程度不高,存在误操作现象;器械管理信息化系统流于固定资产管理,器械技术系统的建立未引起重视;器械保险制度缺失,医院承担的医疗风险过重。
     我国在用医疗器械风险因素存在于以下几个方面:政府监管、医院管理、器械使用环境、临床工程技术人员、设备使用人员、患者、其它因素等。
     建议:加强医疗器械上市后监管,促进在用医疗器械风险管理;制定风险管理指南,为医院提供风险管理依据;广泛宣传,增强医院医疗器械风险管理意识;加强器械科管理职能,实施在用医疗器械风险管理;利用风险分析方法,识别和降低在用医疗器械使用风险;注重基本安全防护,低成本提高器械使用安全;引进器械保险制度及第三方维护维修服务,充分保障器械安全运行;建立仪器考核指标体系,将检测作为过程进行管理;提高人员素质,降低器械风险因素中的人因;加强器械风险管理技术档案(数据库)建设,为在用医疗器械风险分析和评估的量化管理奠定基础。
Object: Make people pay more attention to the application of risk management to medical devices in hospitals. Provide recommendations on administrative supervision of medical devices in use, and hospitals risk management for the government's and hospitals' considerations.
     Methods: Taking the advance character of this research into account, the collections of data in this paper mainly use methods like in-depth interviews with important insiders, literature collection etc. The mainly data analysis methods are comparative analysis and comprehensive analysis.
     Content: Introduce risk management, and risk analysis methods of medical device. Collect data on the medical devices management experiences of the United States, the EU, Japan, Canada, Australia and other countries. Do some research and come up with some common aspects of those countries.
     Implement system analysis to summarize the comprehensive situation of administrative supervision of medical devices in use, and hospitals risk management in China. Then come up with associated risk factors of medical equipments in use. In connection with the existing problems and risk factors of post marketed medical devices in China, make recommendations on how to strengthen the administrative supervision and hospitals risk management, for guarantee the safety use of medical devices. Finally, the further studies of the subject are presented.
     Conclusion: Although the postmarked medical devices management of the United States, the EU, Japan, Canada and Australia are just started. Those countries' experience has something in common on administrative supervision, implement way, government measures to monitor the use safety, and the regulatory system. The problems of safety use of post marketed medical devices of China are: the administrative supervision system need to be improved; hospitals have not pay enough attention the importance of medical device risk management; the maintenance of medical devices in hospitals need to be improved; there many problems exists in the detection of medical devices; the skills levels of clinical technical staff have big differences; because the lack of standard operative steps, mis-operations are not rare; lake of an information system to collect and manage the technical data of medical devices in use; because of the deficiencies of equipment insurance system, the medical risks to hospitals are real heavy burden. The risk factors of post marketed medical devices in China are: government monitoring system, hospital management, environment of equipment located, clinical technical personnel, the quality of equipments, patients and so on.
     Proposal: Strengthen the post marketed supervision of medical devices; make practice guidance of medical devices risk management for hospitals; strengthen the management functions of medical devices management department in hospital, and promote the implement of risk management; use risk analysis methods to identify the risk factors of medical devices in use; focus on essential security protective steps; build medical devices insurance system and develop third party companies to provide medical devices maintenance service; develop equipment evaluation index system, and make the detection be a process; improve the quality of personnel, to reduce the rate of human error; establish medical devices technology archives, it will be a base of quantitative management of medical devices in use.
引文
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