南沙软土地基处理综合研究
|
摘要
南沙作为国家级经济技术开发区,在南沙房建、城市道路、高速公路、地铁四号线以及南沙港的施工过程中,深厚的淤泥或淤泥质软土层如何处理一直是需要解决的重要难题。本文在大量试验和工程实例基础上,对南沙软土力学特性和工程特性、软基处理方案优选、软土固结度的设计计算、软土沉降预测与计算进行了系统的分析和研究。
通过大量的静力触探试验、十字板剪切试验以及土工试验,对南沙地区软土进行了分析研究,总结了南沙软土的力学特性和工程特性。结合多项工程的试验数据,通过统计图表,分析和讨论了南沙软土的塑性和稠度特征,以及含水量、孔隙比与其他物理力学指标之间的关系。
在详细介绍层次分析法对多目标决策问题进行分析的理论的基础上,结合软土地基处理的实际情况,将模糊理论和层次分析法二者相结合,构建了软基的影响因素层次分析树,对评语隶属度的选用进行了分析,建立软基处理方案优选的多层次分析综合模糊评判模型。运用专家咨询法系统地分析了影响软基处理效果的因素如工程地质条件(包括软土厚度、软土性质等因素)、施工条件(包括工期、材料、施工机械)和环境保护要求等,建立了因素权值表。并通过广州番禺大学城、南沙经济技术开发区和珠海电厂三个大面积软土地基处理工程实例的具体计算,证明了该模型可以对软基处理方案提供科学合理的决策。
在太沙基一维固结理论的基础上,对瞬时加荷条件下,单向固结排水情形和三向排水固结的轴对称问题进行详细的讨论和理论计算,给出了径向排水体、竖向排水体以及总固结度的计算公式。利用改进的太沙基法和改进的高木俊介法,讨论了分级等速加载时地基固结度的修正计算方法,给出了不同条件下的固结度计算的理论公式,并对影响砂井固结度的几个因素进行了讨论。结合南沙大面积软基处理工程实例,对排水固结法中地基总沉降量的计算,塑料排水板的设计计算以及平均固结度的计算进行详细的分析与讨论。
根据工程实例的现场监测数据,作出了相应的浅层沉降、深层沉降、分层沉降、孔隙水压力以及地下水位的曲线图,并对沉降观测数据与图表进行详细的分析与讨论。同时应用指数曲线模型和双曲线模型对沉降观测数据进行最终沉降量的预测,讨论了两者的适用性和局限性。
针对分级加载时,沉降曲线呈现“台阶状”的情形,提出了修正的指数曲线模型。该修正模型能很好地反映实测的曲线,有效地模拟原有实测曲线的台阶,同时考虑了瞬时沉降的影响。该方法不但能预测地基的最终沉降量,还能对地基的固结沉降进行很好的拟合与预测,解决了其他模型不能对分级加载,以及产生“台阶状”的沉降曲线进行预测的局限性,有利于在工程实践中进行推广应用。
本文通过现场试验、理论分析计算和工程实例应用,得到了对实际工程有一定指导意义的一些结论,对南沙开发区的软基处理具有一定的借鉴作用和较大的推广应用价值。
As the national economic development area, the most important problem need to solve is how to treat with the profound silt and soft clay layers in Nansha area, when we construct building, city road, freeway, underground fourth line.Based on a lot of test data and project examples, the mechanics and engineering characteristic of Nansha soft clay, how to choose the best treatment scheme, the design and calculation of consolidation degree, the estimation and calculation of settlement have been analyzed and debated in this article.
The mechanics and engineering characteristic of Nansha soft clay have been summarized though a lot of static explore test, vane cut test and soil test. With the test data of several engineering, correlations between each physics mechanics index with the statistical charts have been analyzed and discussed.
Fuzzy mathematics and AHP theories have been introduced, which research non-quantitative analysis theories.Using the Fuzzy mathematics and AHP theories,the tree of affect factor by AHP has been found, the choose of comment subjection degree has been analyzed,the Multi-level Analysis Syn-thetic Fuzzy Evaluation Model has been built.Applying the Expert Consult Method deal with the factors, which have the big influence to the soft ground treatment project, such as the engineering geology (include soft soil thickness, soft soil kinds, etc), the table of factor power has been set up. Through the calculation of three big area soft ground in the Panyu university city of Guangzhou, Nansha economic development area and Zhuhai Power Station, express that this model can provide the reasonable decision for the big area soft ground project.
Based on the Terzaghi consolidation theory, The calculating formula of degreed of consolidation of saturation soft clay has been deduced and discussed detailedly when the mode of preloading is instantaneous or classification. A series of calculating theories formula are given with different conditions, such as radial and vertical drainage, total consolidation degree.A few factors that affect the degreed of consolidation of sand well have been discussed. With the soft foundation treatment example of big area in Nansha, the calculation of the total settlement of ground, design calculation of the plastics drains, and average calculation of the degree of consolidation have been analyzed and discussed detailedly.
With the monitor data of example, a lot of curve diagrams have been drawn and analyzed of the settlement of shallow layers, deep layers, layered, and the hole water pressure, underground water level. With the monitor data of example, the index curve model and the hyperbola curve model have been applied to estimate the total settlement and last settlement. The two models have their applicability and limit. It has been proved that the index curve model is more accurate than the hyperbola curve model in the aspects of predicting the total settlement and curve match.
The modified index curve model has been carried up when the settlement curve present" the step form" with classification preloading. With an example, it proves that making use of the modified model can simulate the step of the settlement curve, reflect time and processes of preloading, just to say it is good with" the step form" as well as the true settlement curve. The effect of instantaneous settlement has been taken into account. The modified model is a good model to estimate to the ground settlement. This model can solve the problem when other models are useless for estimation the settlement of classification preloading.
Several conclusion have been gained based on the local test, theory calculation and project application, which were use for the project, especially were use for reference and have extend value in Nansha soil foundation treatment.
通过大量的静力触探试验、十字板剪切试验以及土工试验,对南沙地区软土进行了分析研究,总结了南沙软土的力学特性和工程特性。结合多项工程的试验数据,通过统计图表,分析和讨论了南沙软土的塑性和稠度特征,以及含水量、孔隙比与其他物理力学指标之间的关系。
在详细介绍层次分析法对多目标决策问题进行分析的理论的基础上,结合软土地基处理的实际情况,将模糊理论和层次分析法二者相结合,构建了软基的影响因素层次分析树,对评语隶属度的选用进行了分析,建立软基处理方案优选的多层次分析综合模糊评判模型。运用专家咨询法系统地分析了影响软基处理效果的因素如工程地质条件(包括软土厚度、软土性质等因素)、施工条件(包括工期、材料、施工机械)和环境保护要求等,建立了因素权值表。并通过广州番禺大学城、南沙经济技术开发区和珠海电厂三个大面积软土地基处理工程实例的具体计算,证明了该模型可以对软基处理方案提供科学合理的决策。
在太沙基一维固结理论的基础上,对瞬时加荷条件下,单向固结排水情形和三向排水固结的轴对称问题进行详细的讨论和理论计算,给出了径向排水体、竖向排水体以及总固结度的计算公式。利用改进的太沙基法和改进的高木俊介法,讨论了分级等速加载时地基固结度的修正计算方法,给出了不同条件下的固结度计算的理论公式,并对影响砂井固结度的几个因素进行了讨论。结合南沙大面积软基处理工程实例,对排水固结法中地基总沉降量的计算,塑料排水板的设计计算以及平均固结度的计算进行详细的分析与讨论。
根据工程实例的现场监测数据,作出了相应的浅层沉降、深层沉降、分层沉降、孔隙水压力以及地下水位的曲线图,并对沉降观测数据与图表进行详细的分析与讨论。同时应用指数曲线模型和双曲线模型对沉降观测数据进行最终沉降量的预测,讨论了两者的适用性和局限性。
针对分级加载时,沉降曲线呈现“台阶状”的情形,提出了修正的指数曲线模型。该修正模型能很好地反映实测的曲线,有效地模拟原有实测曲线的台阶,同时考虑了瞬时沉降的影响。该方法不但能预测地基的最终沉降量,还能对地基的固结沉降进行很好的拟合与预测,解决了其他模型不能对分级加载,以及产生“台阶状”的沉降曲线进行预测的局限性,有利于在工程实践中进行推广应用。
本文通过现场试验、理论分析计算和工程实例应用,得到了对实际工程有一定指导意义的一些结论,对南沙开发区的软基处理具有一定的借鉴作用和较大的推广应用价值。
As the national economic development area, the most important problem need to solve is how to treat with the profound silt and soft clay layers in Nansha area, when we construct building, city road, freeway, underground fourth line.Based on a lot of test data and project examples, the mechanics and engineering characteristic of Nansha soft clay, how to choose the best treatment scheme, the design and calculation of consolidation degree, the estimation and calculation of settlement have been analyzed and debated in this article.
The mechanics and engineering characteristic of Nansha soft clay have been summarized though a lot of static explore test, vane cut test and soil test. With the test data of several engineering, correlations between each physics mechanics index with the statistical charts have been analyzed and discussed.
Fuzzy mathematics and AHP theories have been introduced, which research non-quantitative analysis theories.Using the Fuzzy mathematics and AHP theories,the tree of affect factor by AHP has been found, the choose of comment subjection degree has been analyzed,the Multi-level Analysis Syn-thetic Fuzzy Evaluation Model has been built.Applying the Expert Consult Method deal with the factors, which have the big influence to the soft ground treatment project, such as the engineering geology (include soft soil thickness, soft soil kinds, etc), the table of factor power has been set up. Through the calculation of three big area soft ground in the Panyu university city of Guangzhou, Nansha economic development area and Zhuhai Power Station, express that this model can provide the reasonable decision for the big area soft ground project.
Based on the Terzaghi consolidation theory, The calculating formula of degreed of consolidation of saturation soft clay has been deduced and discussed detailedly when the mode of preloading is instantaneous or classification. A series of calculating theories formula are given with different conditions, such as radial and vertical drainage, total consolidation degree.A few factors that affect the degreed of consolidation of sand well have been discussed. With the soft foundation treatment example of big area in Nansha, the calculation of the total settlement of ground, design calculation of the plastics drains, and average calculation of the degree of consolidation have been analyzed and discussed detailedly.
With the monitor data of example, a lot of curve diagrams have been drawn and analyzed of the settlement of shallow layers, deep layers, layered, and the hole water pressure, underground water level. With the monitor data of example, the index curve model and the hyperbola curve model have been applied to estimate the total settlement and last settlement. The two models have their applicability and limit. It has been proved that the index curve model is more accurate than the hyperbola curve model in the aspects of predicting the total settlement and curve match.
The modified index curve model has been carried up when the settlement curve present" the step form" with classification preloading. With an example, it proves that making use of the modified model can simulate the step of the settlement curve, reflect time and processes of preloading, just to say it is good with" the step form" as well as the true settlement curve. The effect of instantaneous settlement has been taken into account. The modified model is a good model to estimate to the ground settlement. This model can solve the problem when other models are useless for estimation the settlement of classification preloading.
Several conclusion have been gained based on the local test, theory calculation and project application, which were use for the project, especially were use for reference and have extend value in Nansha soil foundation treatment.
引文
[1]林培源,莫庭斌,莫海鸿等,广州城区拓展进程中的几个岩土工程问题,广东省地下工程与地基处理学术交流会论文集.广州市南沙开发区,2004：1-9
[2]刘平华,高速公路软土地基沉降预测分析,山西建筑,2008,34(23)：282-283
[3]周焕云,黄晓明,高速公路软土地基沉降预测方法综述,交通运输工程学报,2002,2(4)：7-10.
[4]梅国雄,宰金珉,赵维炳,刘子彤,沉降-时间曲线形态的证明及其应用,南京工业大学学报,2003,25(4)：6-9
[5]李福民,赵有明,深圳软土地基处理中Asaoka法的应用,中国铁道科学,2002,23(4)：38-42
[6]陈昌富,刘辉,肖燕,海相沉积软土蠕变BP神经网络本构模型,工程地质学报,2008,16(4)：507-511
[7]李凡,周增来,吴敏,用小波神经网络预测高速公路软土地基最终沉降量,合肥工业大学学报,2001,24(6)：1124-1127
[8]刘勇健,用人工神经网络预测高速公路软土地基的最终沉降,公路交通科技,2000,17(6)：15-18
[9]陆跃飞,软土路基沉降灰色预测模型的几个关键问题研究,2008,3：38-40
[10]高宏兴.地基加固处理.上海科学技术出版社,1990
[11]宋应文,唐业绩.地基处理决策法.地基基础工程。1993,3(1)：7-12
[12]冯仲仁,朱瑞赓等.高速公路软基处理方案的多层次模糊决策.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6)：915-918
[13]祝启坤,张小敏.地基处理方案的模糊优化.水文地质工程地质,2002,(5)：40-42
[14]T.L.萨蒂,层次分析法,美国,北京：煤炭工业出版社,1988
[15]刘挺,蔡升华.层次分析法在地基处理方案优化中的应用.电力勘测,2002,35(3)：31-35.
[16]Terzaghi,k.,Die berechnung Durchlassigkeitszifer des Tones aus dem Verlauf derHydronamischen,Spannungsercheinungen,Sitsber.AkadWiss. Vienna,Abt.1923,132(3/4):125-138
[17]Terzaghi,k.,Principle of soil mechanics.Eng. naws record, Dec17,1925
[18]Terzaghi,k.,Die Theorie der Hydronamischen Spannungsercheinungen and ihr erdbautechisches Anwendungsgebeit,In:Proc.First International Congress of Applied Mechanics,1924, Vol.1:288～294
[19]Rendulic,L.,Porenzifer und Porenwasserdruck in Tonen, Bauingenieur, 1936,7(51/53)
[20]谢康和,砂井地基：固结理论、数值分析与优化计算,浙江大学博士论文,1987
[21]Barron. R. A.,Consolidation of Fine-Grained Soils by Drain Well,Trans.ASCE,1948,113:718-742
[22]Biot,M. A.,General Theory of Three-Dimension Consolidation, J. Appl.Phys.,1941,12:155-164
[23]Biot,M. A.,Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves on a Fluid-Saturated Porous Solid, J. Acoust. Soc. of America,1956,28(2):166-191
[24]Schiffiman, R. L.,Gibson,R. E.,Consolidation of Nonhomogeneous Clay Layers, J. of the soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1964,90(S M5):1-30
[25]Abbott,M. B.,One Dimensional Consolidation of Multilayered Soils,Geotechnique,1960,10(4):151
[26]Hansbo, S.,Consolidation of Clay with Special Reference to the Influence of Vertical Sand Drains,Proc.SGI,1960,(18)
[27]Barden, L.,Berry, P. L.,Consolidation of Normally Consolidated Clay,J. of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1965,91
[28]Davis,E. H, Raymond,G. P.,A Non-linear of Consolidation,Geotechnique, 1965,15(2):161
[29]Gibson,R. E.,Lo,K. Y.,A Theory of Consolidation for Soils Exhibiting Secondary Compress,NGI Publ.,1961,(41)
[30]Barden, L.,Consolidation of Clay with Non-linear Viscisity, Geotechnique,1965,15(4):345
[31]Poskitt,T. J.,Consolidation of Clay and Peat with Variable Properties, J. of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1971,97 (SM6)
[32]Garlanger, J. E.,The Consolidation of Soil Exhibiting Creep under Constant Effective Stress,Geotechnique,1972,22(1):71
[33]Hawley, J. G.,Borim, D. L.,A Unified Theory for Consolidation of Clays,Proc.8th ICSMFE,1973
[34]Mesri,G.,Rokhsar, A.,Theory for Consolidation of Clays, J. of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1974,100(GT8):889-903
[35]沈珠江,用有限元计算软土地基的固结变形,水利水运科技情报,1977,(1)
[36]Hwang, D.,Witzak, M. W.,Multidimensional Probabilistic Consolidation, J. of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE,1984,110(GT8): 1059～1078
[37]Chang, C. H.,Uncertainty of One-Dimensional Consolidation Analysis J. of the 1411～1425
[38]李小勇,谢康和,王黎辉,砂井地基固结概率特性的近似分析方法,岩土工程学报,2001,23(6)：700-703
[39]沈珠江,理论土力学,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2000
[40]伍栩仪,软土的压缩沉降与计算,人民珠江,1997,(2)：16-19
[41]李向全,胡瑞林,张莉,粘性土固结过程中的微结构效应研究,岩土工程技术,1999,(3)：52-56
[42]张仪萍,张土乔,龚晓南,沉降的灰色预测,工业建筑,1999,29(4):45-48
[43]郑治,沉降概率计算的蒙特卡罗法,重庆交通学院学报,1999,18(3)：69-74
[44]潘作棉,软土地基沉降预测的曲线拟合法。山西建筑,2008,34(20)：132-133
[45]谭昌明,周建,黄广龙,多层软土地基沉降的分层迭代反演综合预测法,中国公路学报,2001,14(4)：28-32
[46]王志亮,李筱艳,殷宗泽,遗传算法和改进的BP网络杂交法在岩土工程中应用,地下空间,2001,21(3)：178-182
[47]杨光华,软土地基非线性沉降计算的简化法,广东水利水电,2001,1：3-5
[48]刘勇健,遗传算法在软土地基沉降计算中的应用,工业建筑,2001,31(5)：39-41
[49]潘钦生,张可能等,广州南沙软土工程特性分析,岩土工程界,2006,9(4)：46-48
[50]陈晓平,黄国怡等,珠江三角洲软土特性研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1)：137-141
[51]杨万和,朱枫,郭平,广州南沙大规模深厚软基处理重点、难点剖析,湖南水利水电,2007,l：19-21
[52]中华人民共和国国家标准.岩土工程勘察规范.2002
[53]安岚,孟高头,静力触探试验在广州南沙地区的应用研究,西部探矿工程,2005,6：13-14
[54]李承海,张德波,广州南沙软土十字板剪切强度与比贯入阻力的对比试验分析,人民珠江,2004,2：24-25
[55]王盛源,关锦荷,珠江三角洲淤泥工程特性及加固方法.第四界地基处理学术讨论会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1995：313-318
[56]殷永安,土力学及基础工程,北京：中国广播电视大学出版社,1986
[57]叶书麟,韩杰,叶观宝.地基处理与托换技术,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[58]胡中雄,潘林有,软土地基与预压法地基处理,北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[59]龚晓南.地基处理新技术.山西科学技术出版社.1997
[60]区奕勤,张先迪.模糊数学原理及应用.成都电讯工程学院出版社.1983
[61]汪培庄.模糊集合论及其应用.上海科学技术出版社.1983
[62]陈守煌.工程模糊集理论与应用.国防工业出版社,1997.
[63]谌红.模糊数学在国民经济中的应用.华中理工大学出版社,1995.
[64]张跃.模糊数学方法及其应用.煤炭工业出版社,1992
[65].王建华,李夕兵等.模糊数学优选理论评价和选择地基处理方案.西部探矿工程,2002,14(3)：21-24
[66]刘国.用模糊数学方法选择软土地基加固方案.水文地质工程地质,2000,(4)：17-19汪培庄.
[67]夏元友,朱瑞赓.岩质边坡稳定性多人多层次模糊综合评价系统研究.工程地质学报,1999,7(1)：46-53[68]冯夏庭,林韵梅.岩石力学与工程专家系统.沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社,1993
[68]王芝银,刘怀恒.地下工程支护方案的距离分析和模糊决策.岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(4)：296-303
[69]冯夏庭,林韵梅.岩石力学与工程专家系统研究新进展.岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(1)：85-91
[70]冯夏庭,林韵梅.岩石力学与工程专家系统.沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社,1993
[71]折学森,软土地基沉降计算,北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[72]黄生文,贾存兴等,真空预压法在广州港南沙陆域软基处理中的应用,长沙交通学院学报,2005,21(2)：41-45
[73]曹旭华,南沙地区路基软基处理方案分析及探讨,城市道桥与防洪,2003,6：30-33
[74]唐程,堆载预压法在南沙某软基处理工程中的应用,广东土木与建筑,2005,7:21-23
[75]白冰,肖宏彬.软土工程若干理论与应用.中国水利水电出版社.2002
[76]彭振斌,地基处理工程设计计算与施工,武汉：中国地质大学出版社,1997
[77]刘松玉,经绯,软土地基上分期施工的路堤沉降预测方法(英文),岩土工程学报,2003,25(2)：228-232
[78]中华人民共和国交通部.港口工程地基规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[79]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑地基处理技术规范.2002
[80]中华人民共和国国家标准.公路软土地基路堤设计与施工技术规范.1996
[81]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑地基基础设计规范.2002
[82]陈仲颐,叶书麟主编.基础工程学,中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[83]吴世明,周健编著.岩土工程新技术.中国建筑工业出版社.1998
[84]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算(第二版).中国水利水电出版社.2000
[2]刘平华,高速公路软土地基沉降预测分析,山西建筑,2008,34(23)：282-283
[3]周焕云,黄晓明,高速公路软土地基沉降预测方法综述,交通运输工程学报,2002,2(4)：7-10.
[4]梅国雄,宰金珉,赵维炳,刘子彤,沉降-时间曲线形态的证明及其应用,南京工业大学学报,2003,25(4)：6-9
[5]李福民,赵有明,深圳软土地基处理中Asaoka法的应用,中国铁道科学,2002,23(4)：38-42
[6]陈昌富,刘辉,肖燕,海相沉积软土蠕变BP神经网络本构模型,工程地质学报,2008,16(4)：507-511
[7]李凡,周增来,吴敏,用小波神经网络预测高速公路软土地基最终沉降量,合肥工业大学学报,2001,24(6)：1124-1127
[8]刘勇健,用人工神经网络预测高速公路软土地基的最终沉降,公路交通科技,2000,17(6)：15-18
[9]陆跃飞,软土路基沉降灰色预测模型的几个关键问题研究,2008,3：38-40
[10]高宏兴.地基加固处理.上海科学技术出版社,1990
[11]宋应文,唐业绩.地基处理决策法.地基基础工程。1993,3(1)：7-12
[12]冯仲仁,朱瑞赓等.高速公路软基处理方案的多层次模糊决策.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6)：915-918
[13]祝启坤,张小敏.地基处理方案的模糊优化.水文地质工程地质,2002,(5)：40-42
[14]T.L.萨蒂,层次分析法,美国,北京：煤炭工业出版社,1988
[15]刘挺,蔡升华.层次分析法在地基处理方案优化中的应用.电力勘测,2002,35(3)：31-35.
[16]Terzaghi,k.,Die berechnung Durchlassigkeitszifer des Tones aus dem Verlauf derHydronamischen,Spannungsercheinungen,Sitsber.AkadWiss. Vienna,Abt.1923,132(3/4):125-138
[17]Terzaghi,k.,Principle of soil mechanics.Eng. naws record, Dec17,1925
[18]Terzaghi,k.,Die Theorie der Hydronamischen Spannungsercheinungen and ihr erdbautechisches Anwendungsgebeit,In:Proc.First International Congress of Applied Mechanics,1924, Vol.1:288～294
[19]Rendulic,L.,Porenzifer und Porenwasserdruck in Tonen, Bauingenieur, 1936,7(51/53)
[20]谢康和,砂井地基：固结理论、数值分析与优化计算,浙江大学博士论文,1987
[21]Barron. R. A.,Consolidation of Fine-Grained Soils by Drain Well,Trans.ASCE,1948,113:718-742
[22]Biot,M. A.,General Theory of Three-Dimension Consolidation, J. Appl.Phys.,1941,12:155-164
[23]Biot,M. A.,Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves on a Fluid-Saturated Porous Solid, J. Acoust. Soc. of America,1956,28(2):166-191
[24]Schiffiman, R. L.,Gibson,R. E.,Consolidation of Nonhomogeneous Clay Layers, J. of the soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1964,90(S M5):1-30
[25]Abbott,M. B.,One Dimensional Consolidation of Multilayered Soils,Geotechnique,1960,10(4):151
[26]Hansbo, S.,Consolidation of Clay with Special Reference to the Influence of Vertical Sand Drains,Proc.SGI,1960,(18)
[27]Barden, L.,Berry, P. L.,Consolidation of Normally Consolidated Clay,J. of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1965,91
[28]Davis,E. H, Raymond,G. P.,A Non-linear of Consolidation,Geotechnique, 1965,15(2):161
[29]Gibson,R. E.,Lo,K. Y.,A Theory of Consolidation for Soils Exhibiting Secondary Compress,NGI Publ.,1961,(41)
[30]Barden, L.,Consolidation of Clay with Non-linear Viscisity, Geotechnique,1965,15(4):345
[31]Poskitt,T. J.,Consolidation of Clay and Peat with Variable Properties, J. of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1971,97 (SM6)
[32]Garlanger, J. E.,The Consolidation of Soil Exhibiting Creep under Constant Effective Stress,Geotechnique,1972,22(1):71
[33]Hawley, J. G.,Borim, D. L.,A Unified Theory for Consolidation of Clays,Proc.8th ICSMFE,1973
[34]Mesri,G.,Rokhsar, A.,Theory for Consolidation of Clays, J. of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1974,100(GT8):889-903
[35]沈珠江,用有限元计算软土地基的固结变形,水利水运科技情报,1977,(1)
[36]Hwang, D.,Witzak, M. W.,Multidimensional Probabilistic Consolidation, J. of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE,1984,110(GT8): 1059～1078
[37]Chang, C. H.,Uncertainty of One-Dimensional Consolidation Analysis J. of the 1411～1425
[38]李小勇,谢康和,王黎辉,砂井地基固结概率特性的近似分析方法,岩土工程学报,2001,23(6)：700-703
[39]沈珠江,理论土力学,北京：中国水利水电出版社,2000
[40]伍栩仪,软土的压缩沉降与计算,人民珠江,1997,(2)：16-19
[41]李向全,胡瑞林,张莉,粘性土固结过程中的微结构效应研究,岩土工程技术,1999,(3)：52-56
[42]张仪萍,张土乔,龚晓南,沉降的灰色预测,工业建筑,1999,29(4):45-48
[43]郑治,沉降概率计算的蒙特卡罗法,重庆交通学院学报,1999,18(3)：69-74
[44]潘作棉,软土地基沉降预测的曲线拟合法。山西建筑,2008,34(20)：132-133
[45]谭昌明,周建,黄广龙,多层软土地基沉降的分层迭代反演综合预测法,中国公路学报,2001,14(4)：28-32
[46]王志亮,李筱艳,殷宗泽,遗传算法和改进的BP网络杂交法在岩土工程中应用,地下空间,2001,21(3)：178-182
[47]杨光华,软土地基非线性沉降计算的简化法,广东水利水电,2001,1：3-5
[48]刘勇健,遗传算法在软土地基沉降计算中的应用,工业建筑,2001,31(5)：39-41
[49]潘钦生,张可能等,广州南沙软土工程特性分析,岩土工程界,2006,9(4)：46-48
[50]陈晓平,黄国怡等,珠江三角洲软土特性研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1)：137-141
[51]杨万和,朱枫,郭平,广州南沙大规模深厚软基处理重点、难点剖析,湖南水利水电,2007,l：19-21
[52]中华人民共和国国家标准.岩土工程勘察规范.2002
[53]安岚,孟高头,静力触探试验在广州南沙地区的应用研究,西部探矿工程,2005,6：13-14
[54]李承海,张德波,广州南沙软土十字板剪切强度与比贯入阻力的对比试验分析,人民珠江,2004,2：24-25
[55]王盛源,关锦荷,珠江三角洲淤泥工程特性及加固方法.第四界地基处理学术讨论会论文集.浙江大学出版社,1995：313-318
[56]殷永安,土力学及基础工程,北京：中国广播电视大学出版社,1986
[57]叶书麟,韩杰,叶观宝.地基处理与托换技术,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[58]胡中雄,潘林有,软土地基与预压法地基处理,北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[59]龚晓南.地基处理新技术.山西科学技术出版社.1997
[60]区奕勤,张先迪.模糊数学原理及应用.成都电讯工程学院出版社.1983
[61]汪培庄.模糊集合论及其应用.上海科学技术出版社.1983
[62]陈守煌.工程模糊集理论与应用.国防工业出版社,1997.
[63]谌红.模糊数学在国民经济中的应用.华中理工大学出版社,1995.
[64]张跃.模糊数学方法及其应用.煤炭工业出版社,1992
[65].王建华,李夕兵等.模糊数学优选理论评价和选择地基处理方案.西部探矿工程,2002,14(3)：21-24
[66]刘国.用模糊数学方法选择软土地基加固方案.水文地质工程地质,2000,(4)：17-19汪培庄.
[67]夏元友,朱瑞赓.岩质边坡稳定性多人多层次模糊综合评价系统研究.工程地质学报,1999,7(1)：46-53[68]冯夏庭,林韵梅.岩石力学与工程专家系统.沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社,1993
[68]王芝银,刘怀恒.地下工程支护方案的距离分析和模糊决策.岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(4)：296-303
[69]冯夏庭,林韵梅.岩石力学与工程专家系统研究新进展.岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(1)：85-91
[70]冯夏庭,林韵梅.岩石力学与工程专家系统.沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社,1993
[71]折学森,软土地基沉降计算,北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[72]黄生文,贾存兴等,真空预压法在广州港南沙陆域软基处理中的应用,长沙交通学院学报,2005,21(2)：41-45
[73]曹旭华,南沙地区路基软基处理方案分析及探讨,城市道桥与防洪,2003,6：30-33
[74]唐程,堆载预压法在南沙某软基处理工程中的应用,广东土木与建筑,2005,7:21-23
[75]白冰,肖宏彬.软土工程若干理论与应用.中国水利水电出版社.2002
[76]彭振斌,地基处理工程设计计算与施工,武汉：中国地质大学出版社,1997
[77]刘松玉,经绯,软土地基上分期施工的路堤沉降预测方法(英文),岩土工程学报,2003,25(2)：228-232
[78]中华人民共和国交通部.港口工程地基规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[79]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑地基处理技术规范.2002
[80]中华人民共和国国家标准.公路软土地基路堤设计与施工技术规范.1996
[81]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑地基基础设计规范.2002
[82]陈仲颐,叶书麟主编.基础工程学,中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[83]吴世明,周健编著.岩土工程新技术.中国建筑工业出版社.1998
[84]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算(第二版).中国水利水电出版社.2000