我国兽医体系效能评估指标研究
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摘要
兽医体系效能评估指标体系是衡量兽医体系运行质量水平及业绩、效率和能力的依据，适时构建适合我国国情，又与国际接轨的兽医体系效能评估指标体系，是我国兽医体系建设的一件大事，也是维护兽医公共安全的一项重大举措。
本文采用文献分析、问卷调查、实地考察、对比分析等方法，在系统研究PVS的建立背景、用途、适用情况、主要内容、评估理念、形成基础，以及PVS评价结果的使用与OIE兽医体系效能提升程序的基础上，深入了解我国兽医体系的现状和主要问题，比较我国兽医工作机构与PVS中要求的兽医机构标准的主要差别，分析现行的机构考评方法与PVS的差异，提出了我国兽医体系运作效能评估框架建立的基本理念、基本用途和难点所在，着重分析构建目前适用于我国的兽医体系效能体系应当设立的要素和指标，最终提出我国兽医体系效能评估指标体系。
本文的主要研究内容和结果如下：
（一）深入分析了OIE PVS的内容与结构和运行原理
PVS是OIE推荐给成员国的一个全面评价兽医体系运行效能和质量水平的标准与工具。经初步研究该PVS工具是科学的、全面的、适用的。因此，本文系统的对OIE PVS的内容、结构、作用、依据和运行机制进行了深入的研究，充分了解和掌握PVS的关键要素、指标和等级设置的基本要求，分析总结了OIE PVS的评估理念、形成基础和特点。
（二）提出了我国兽医体系运作效能评估框架建立的基本理念、基本用途和难点
本文在兽医体系运行的现状全面了解的基础上，分析了兽医体系运行过程中存在的主要问题及其形成的关键原因，借鉴和参照PVS的理念与原理，提出了我国兽医体系运作效能评估框架建立的基本理念、基本用途和难点。
（三）在比较分析的基础上提出构建评价指标和标准框架
本文在比较研究的基础上，找出我国兽医体系运行过程中及其现行评价制度与OIE的规则及其PVS评估存在的主要差异，并借鉴PVS的理念、基本原则、工作原理及其指标体系，提出了构建我国兽医体系运行效能的评估指标和标准的框架，以及实施评价的建议和意见。
The Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services is a basic tool to measurethe veterinary service operation quality, achievements, efficiency and capability. Building theveterinary system performance evaluation index system in china which suit Chinese nationalconditions in a timely manner, and act on international convention is a major event on China'sveterinary system construction, also is a major initiative which maintain the veterinary publicsafety.
In this study, we used literature review, comparative analysis and other methods, Literatureanalysis, questionnaire, field trips, comparative analysis and other methods, In the establishment ofthe PVS system research background, purpose, applicable conditions, main contents, assessmentconcept, formation, the usage of PVS evaluation results and the OIE PVS Pathway for efficientVeterinary Services, Insight into the vet system present situation and main problems in our country,compare the main difference our between our country vet service and the standard of PVSrequirement in the tool, analyze the difference of institutional evaluation methods existing with PVS,present the basic concept, basic usage and the difficulty of building the evaluation index ofeffectiveness of veterinary system in China, Focuses on analysis of the elements and indicatorsabout building currently applies to the vet system efficiency of the system，Ultimately put forwardthe basic ideas and framework of our veterinary system performance evaluation index system.
The main research contents and results are as follows:
(1) In-depth analysis of the content, structure and operating principle of the OIE PVS.
The PVS is a standard and tool which OIE recommendations to members assess the veterinarysystem performance and quality. Through the preliminary studies it shows that the PVS tool isscientific, comprehensive and applicable. Therefore, this paper in-depth research the contents,structure, role, basis and operational mechanism of the OIE PVS, fully understand and master thebasic requirements and level setting about the Fundamental Components, Critical Competenciesand indicators of the PVS, analyzes and summarizes the concept, the basis and characteristics ofOIE PVS.
(2) Put forward the basic ideas and framework of Chinese veterinary system performanceevaluation index system.
In this paper, on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the current Chinese veterinarysystem situation, analyses the main problems and the key reasons for the veterinary system runningprocess, to learn from the concept and principle of the OIE PVS, present the basic idea, the basic purposes and the difficult pointes of establishing the Chinese veterinary system performanceassessment framework.
(3) Building the indicators framework and standards of Chinese veterinary system performanceassessment on the basis of a comparative analysis.
In this paper, on the basis of comparative studies, identify the main differences between thecurrent Chinese veterinary system situation and the rules of the OIE, the operation of its existingevaluation system and the OIE PVS tool, through drawing on the concept, the basic principles, theworking principle and the index system of PVS, build the framework about indicators and criteria ofChinese veterinary system operation performance evaluation, and present the recommendations andopinions of implementing the evaluation.
本文采用文献分析、问卷调查、实地考察、对比分析等方法，在系统研究PVS的建立背景、用途、适用情况、主要内容、评估理念、形成基础，以及PVS评价结果的使用与OIE兽医体系效能提升程序的基础上，深入了解我国兽医体系的现状和主要问题，比较我国兽医工作机构与PVS中要求的兽医机构标准的主要差别，分析现行的机构考评方法与PVS的差异，提出了我国兽医体系运作效能评估框架建立的基本理念、基本用途和难点所在，着重分析构建目前适用于我国的兽医体系效能体系应当设立的要素和指标，最终提出我国兽医体系效能评估指标体系。
本文的主要研究内容和结果如下：
（一）深入分析了OIE PVS的内容与结构和运行原理
PVS是OIE推荐给成员国的一个全面评价兽医体系运行效能和质量水平的标准与工具。经初步研究该PVS工具是科学的、全面的、适用的。因此，本文系统的对OIE PVS的内容、结构、作用、依据和运行机制进行了深入的研究，充分了解和掌握PVS的关键要素、指标和等级设置的基本要求，分析总结了OIE PVS的评估理念、形成基础和特点。
（二）提出了我国兽医体系运作效能评估框架建立的基本理念、基本用途和难点
本文在兽医体系运行的现状全面了解的基础上，分析了兽医体系运行过程中存在的主要问题及其形成的关键原因，借鉴和参照PVS的理念与原理，提出了我国兽医体系运作效能评估框架建立的基本理念、基本用途和难点。
（三）在比较分析的基础上提出构建评价指标和标准框架
本文在比较研究的基础上，找出我国兽医体系运行过程中及其现行评价制度与OIE的规则及其PVS评估存在的主要差异，并借鉴PVS的理念、基本原则、工作原理及其指标体系，提出了构建我国兽医体系运行效能的评估指标和标准的框架，以及实施评价的建议和意见。
The Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services is a basic tool to measurethe veterinary service operation quality, achievements, efficiency and capability. Building theveterinary system performance evaluation index system in china which suit Chinese nationalconditions in a timely manner, and act on international convention is a major event on China'sveterinary system construction, also is a major initiative which maintain the veterinary publicsafety.
In this study, we used literature review, comparative analysis and other methods, Literatureanalysis, questionnaire, field trips, comparative analysis and other methods, In the establishment ofthe PVS system research background, purpose, applicable conditions, main contents, assessmentconcept, formation, the usage of PVS evaluation results and the OIE PVS Pathway for efficientVeterinary Services, Insight into the vet system present situation and main problems in our country,compare the main difference our between our country vet service and the standard of PVSrequirement in the tool, analyze the difference of institutional evaluation methods existing with PVS,present the basic concept, basic usage and the difficulty of building the evaluation index ofeffectiveness of veterinary system in China, Focuses on analysis of the elements and indicatorsabout building currently applies to the vet system efficiency of the system，Ultimately put forwardthe basic ideas and framework of our veterinary system performance evaluation index system.
The main research contents and results are as follows:
(1) In-depth analysis of the content, structure and operating principle of the OIE PVS.
The PVS is a standard and tool which OIE recommendations to members assess the veterinarysystem performance and quality. Through the preliminary studies it shows that the PVS tool isscientific, comprehensive and applicable. Therefore, this paper in-depth research the contents,structure, role, basis and operational mechanism of the OIE PVS, fully understand and master thebasic requirements and level setting about the Fundamental Components, Critical Competenciesand indicators of the PVS, analyzes and summarizes the concept, the basis and characteristics ofOIE PVS.
(2) Put forward the basic ideas and framework of Chinese veterinary system performanceevaluation index system.
In this paper, on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the current Chinese veterinarysystem situation, analyses the main problems and the key reasons for the veterinary system runningprocess, to learn from the concept and principle of the OIE PVS, present the basic idea, the basic purposes and the difficult pointes of establishing the Chinese veterinary system performanceassessment framework.
(3) Building the indicators framework and standards of Chinese veterinary system performanceassessment on the basis of a comparative analysis.
In this paper, on the basis of comparative studies, identify the main differences between thecurrent Chinese veterinary system situation and the rules of the OIE, the operation of its existingevaluation system and the OIE PVS tool, through drawing on the concept, the basic principles, theworking principle and the index system of PVS, build the framework about indicators and criteria ofChinese veterinary system operation performance evaluation, and present the recommendations andopinions of implementing the evaluation.
引文
1动物卫生组织, OIE Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services(PDF),http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Support_to_OIE_Members/docs/pdf/A_2010_PVSToolexcludingindicators.pdf,2010
2动物卫生组织, PVS Evaluation missions[EB/OL],http://www.oie.int/support-to-oie-members/pvs-evaluations/status-of-missions/,2012
3中国统计年鉴2012
4泛美农业合作组织[DB/OL],http://www.iica.int
5E Fermet, R Jane, S Forman. Performance, Vision and Strategy［Ｍ］.A tool for the governanceof Veterinary Services,2007.5.
6动物卫生组织，The OIE Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services (OIEPVS Tool)[EB/OL]，http://www.oie.int/support-to-oie-members/pvs-evaluations/，2011
7动物卫生组织.Terrestrial Animal Health Code (PDF)http://www.oie.int/index.php?id=169&L=0&htmfile=chapitre_1.3.2.htm,2011
8动物卫生组织，key texts，http://www.oie.int/about-us/key-texts/，2012
9动物卫生组织，OIE兽医体系效能评估具评估员手［Ｍ］，2011.11
10动物卫生组织，The OIE PVS Pathway[EB/OL],http://www.oie.int/support-to-oie-members/pvs-pathway/，2012
11http://baike.baidu.com/view/478365.htm
12于海，ISO9001质量管体系在我国公共部门建立和施[D],长春，长春业大学，2011
13国发2005w15,国务院于推兽医管体制改革若干意[S]
14唐慧，牡丹，张爱霞,等.国外兽医管体制状［Ｊ］.养与饲料，2010,（6）：68-71.
15第七十一中华民共和国主令，z中华民共和国动物防疫法{[S]
16于康震.中国兽医作构和力资源.中国禽[J].2011,33(2)34-35
17张秋.WTO-OIE与我国兽医体制[J].中国兽医杂志，2002，38(2):58-60
18不断兽医国际交流合作大力推动兽医事业康发展.http://roll.sohu.com/20120301/n336348047.shtml,2012
19张洪杰，云冈等.动物疫病预预警几思考.禽科学[J].2011,(11):6-7
20农牧发1999w18,动物疫情报告管办法[S]
21农业部于发z兽医系统验室考核管办法{通知[S]
22发改农经[2006]2837,全国动物防疫体系建规[S]
23中华民共和国主令第七十一，z中华民共和国动物防疫法{[S]，2007
24中华民共和国农业部令第6，z动物检疫管办法{[S]，2010
25中华民共和国农业部令第7，z动物防疫条审查办法{[S]，2010
26中华民共和国主国务院令第23z国务院于一步强食品安全决定{[S]，2004
27中华民共和国主令第九，z中华民共和国食品安全法{[S]，2009
28GB16549-1996畜禽产地检疫规范[S]
29中华民共和国农业部令第67，z畜禽标和养档案管办法{[S]，2006
30中华民共和国主国务院令第525，z生屠宰管条例{[S]，2007
31中华民共和国农业部令第18，z业兽医管办法{[S]，2008
32中华民共和国农业部令第17，z乡兽医管办法{[S]，2008
33孙.鉴国外经验促中国兽医事业发展［Ｊ］.农业，2010,（6）：5-10.
34SPS—Related Capacity Evaluation Tools An Overview of Tools Developed by InternationalOrganizations2009
35陈向前，WTOzSPS协议{施制及国际动物卫生法比较究[].北京:中国农业科学技术版
,2005.19-20
36张建.完善府监管体系与制确保畜产品安全［Ｊ］.代畜牧兽医，2010,（1）：6-8.
37琼动防办2010w4,于开展2010年全省春季大动物疫病防控情况检查通知[S]
38疫控（防）2011w72,于发z2011年春季全国大动物疫病防控情况检查施方案{通知[S]
39曹东等.动物疫病监作是动物疫病预防控制构本务.代畜牧兽医[J].2011,(6):1-3
40董秀丽，库卡，z强环节监管，保动物及动物产品安全{[J]，畜牧业，2009，S851.7,1003-4889(2010)03-0027-02
41吴志明.动物疫病防控伍建中在误区动向准确把握兽医体制改革方向-彻国务院兽医体制改革精神思考及举措.山农业[J].2007,(6):13-14.
42韩喜连，周相华等.动物疫病检验室规范管探[J].中国动物检疫,2005,22(8):12-1343
44慧文，肖长，马志强，z我国行体制下兽医法制建在问和建议{[J]，中国畜禽业，2010.1
45顺，徐富.级动物疫病预防控制构作制.养技术顾问[J].2011,（10）：186
46农业部兽医局，全国动物卫生风评估专员会办公室z无规定动物疫病区评估指{，2009年1月
47淑，胡爱民，刘珍优，z快高畜牧兽医员素质思考{[J]，畜牧兽医杂志，2009年第6期，1004-2342(2009)06-0008-01
48苏兰.兽医体系运作效能评价具应用究[D].和特:内蒙农业大学,2010
49Keven Walker, A practical tool for assessing the performance, vision and strategy ofveterinary service, initial application in Latin America[J]2003
50B. Vallat&E. Mallet,Ensuring good governance to address emerging and re-emerging animaldisease threats:supporting the Veterinary Services of developing countries to meet OIEinternational standards on quality[DB/OL],Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz.,2006,25(1),389-401
51Victor Arrua, Ricardo Molins and Ana Maris Cordero,User s Manual Performance, Vision andStrategy(PVS)[CP/DK],2008
52The United States Department of Agriculture[DB/OL], http://www.usda.gov
53Animal and Plant Health Inspction Service[DB/OL], http://www.aphis.usda.gov/
54国际食品法员会[DB/OL],http://www.codexalimentarius.net
55兽医[DB/OL],http://www.worldvet.org/
2动物卫生组织, PVS Evaluation missions[EB/OL],http://www.oie.int/support-to-oie-members/pvs-evaluations/status-of-missions/,2012
3中国统计年鉴2012
4泛美农业合作组织[DB/OL],http://www.iica.int
5E Fermet, R Jane, S Forman. Performance, Vision and Strategy［Ｍ］.A tool for the governanceof Veterinary Services,2007.5.
6动物卫生组织，The OIE Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services (OIEPVS Tool)[EB/OL]，http://www.oie.int/support-to-oie-members/pvs-evaluations/，2011
7动物卫生组织.Terrestrial Animal Health Code (PDF)http://www.oie.int/index.php?id=169&L=0&htmfile=chapitre_1.3.2.htm,2011
8动物卫生组织，key texts，http://www.oie.int/about-us/key-texts/，2012
9动物卫生组织，OIE兽医体系效能评估具评估员手［Ｍ］，2011.11
10动物卫生组织，The OIE PVS Pathway[EB/OL],http://www.oie.int/support-to-oie-members/pvs-pathway/，2012
11http://baike.baidu.com/view/478365.htm
12于海，ISO9001质量管体系在我国公共部门建立和施[D],长春，长春业大学，2011
13国发2005w15,国务院于推兽医管体制改革若干意[S]
14唐慧，牡丹，张爱霞,等.国外兽医管体制状［Ｊ］.养与饲料，2010,（6）：68-71.
15第七十一中华民共和国主令，z中华民共和国动物防疫法{[S]
16于康震.中国兽医作构和力资源.中国禽[J].2011,33(2)34-35
17张秋.WTO-OIE与我国兽医体制[J].中国兽医杂志，2002，38(2):58-60
18不断兽医国际交流合作大力推动兽医事业康发展.http://roll.sohu.com/20120301/n336348047.shtml,2012
19张洪杰，云冈等.动物疫病预预警几思考.禽科学[J].2011,(11):6-7
20农牧发1999w18,动物疫情报告管办法[S]
21农业部于发z兽医系统验室考核管办法{通知[S]
22发改农经[2006]2837,全国动物防疫体系建规[S]
23中华民共和国主令第七十一，z中华民共和国动物防疫法{[S]，2007
24中华民共和国农业部令第6，z动物检疫管办法{[S]，2010
25中华民共和国农业部令第7，z动物防疫条审查办法{[S]，2010
26中华民共和国主国务院令第23z国务院于一步强食品安全决定{[S]，2004
27中华民共和国主令第九，z中华民共和国食品安全法{[S]，2009
28GB16549-1996畜禽产地检疫规范[S]
29中华民共和国农业部令第67，z畜禽标和养档案管办法{[S]，2006
30中华民共和国主国务院令第525，z生屠宰管条例{[S]，2007
31中华民共和国农业部令第18，z业兽医管办法{[S]，2008
32中华民共和国农业部令第17，z乡兽医管办法{[S]，2008
33孙.鉴国外经验促中国兽医事业发展［Ｊ］.农业，2010,（6）：5-10.
34SPS—Related Capacity Evaluation Tools An Overview of Tools Developed by InternationalOrganizations2009
35陈向前，WTOzSPS协议{施制及国际动物卫生法比较究[].北京:中国农业科学技术版
,2005.19-20
36张建.完善府监管体系与制确保畜产品安全［Ｊ］.代畜牧兽医，2010,（1）：6-8.
37琼动防办2010w4,于开展2010年全省春季大动物疫病防控情况检查通知[S]
38疫控（防）2011w72,于发z2011年春季全国大动物疫病防控情况检查施方案{通知[S]
39曹东等.动物疫病监作是动物疫病预防控制构本务.代畜牧兽医[J].2011,(6):1-3
40董秀丽，库卡，z强环节监管，保动物及动物产品安全{[J]，畜牧业，2009，S851.7,1003-4889(2010)03-0027-02
41吴志明.动物疫病防控伍建中在误区动向准确把握兽医体制改革方向-彻国务院兽医体制改革精神思考及举措.山农业[J].2007,(6):13-14.
42韩喜连，周相华等.动物疫病检验室规范管探[J].中国动物检疫,2005,22(8):12-1343
44慧文，肖长，马志强，z我国行体制下兽医法制建在问和建议{[J]，中国畜禽业，2010.1
45顺，徐富.级动物疫病预防控制构作制.养技术顾问[J].2011,（10）：186
46农业部兽医局，全国动物卫生风评估专员会办公室z无规定动物疫病区评估指{，2009年1月
47淑，胡爱民，刘珍优，z快高畜牧兽医员素质思考{[J]，畜牧兽医杂志，2009年第6期，1004-2342(2009)06-0008-01
48苏兰.兽医体系运作效能评价具应用究[D].和特:内蒙农业大学,2010
49Keven Walker, A practical tool for assessing the performance, vision and strategy ofveterinary service, initial application in Latin America[J]2003
50B. Vallat&E. Mallet,Ensuring good governance to address emerging and re-emerging animaldisease threats:supporting the Veterinary Services of developing countries to meet OIEinternational standards on quality[DB/OL],Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz.,2006,25(1),389-401
51Victor Arrua, Ricardo Molins and Ana Maris Cordero,User s Manual Performance, Vision andStrategy(PVS)[CP/DK],2008
52The United States Department of Agriculture[DB/OL], http://www.usda.gov
53Animal and Plant Health Inspction Service[DB/OL], http://www.aphis.usda.gov/
54国际食品法员会[DB/OL],http://www.codexalimentarius.net
55兽医[DB/OL],http://www.worldvet.org/
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