气—固悬浮床流场优化及ECT应用的实验研究
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摘要
本文以常温循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫与中温循环流化床干法烟气脱硫工艺为背景,从床结构和操作参数两方面对床内气-固两相流场的优化进行实验研究。采用大孔分布射流代替通常的流化床布风板,降低了反应器气体入口段的流动阻力,床内流动呈悬浮床状态。悬浮床内颗粒浓度低以及环核流动的性质,会严重影响脱硫剂的利用率和脱硫效率。因此,提高悬浮床脱硫反应器内固体颗粒的浓度,改善其中气固分布的均匀性,具有重要的意义。
建立了截面尺寸为400mm×400mm,高度为3950mm的循环悬浮床冷态实验装置。对不同的进、出口结构和安装内构件的方案,在各种表观气体速度Ug和物料循环流率G s条件下,利用光纤探头沿床高测量了不同横截面内颗粒浓度和速度的径向分布,分析了不同操作参数和几何结构对颗粒浓度和速度场,尤其是边角区颗粒团聚效应的影响,确定了最有利于气固两相接触的床结构和操作参数。本文得到的结论:采用如下工艺简单的床结构,即大孔均布射流进气,顶部设置帽腔,在床出口下沿安装构件,在床中部安装大小组合-上下交叉内构件;实验条件优选的操作参数为G_s= 8~9kg/(m~2·s),U_(g0)= 2.8m/s。在以上优选的床结构和操作参数下,床内颗粒浓度和速度分布的均匀性,气固混合等状态最好,达到了流场优化的目的。
首次应用电容层析成像技术(ECT)开展了对床内低浓度、大尺寸气固两相流场进行的测量研究。首次将半步Landweber迭代算法、广义模式矢量匹配法和概率统计归纳算法用于ECT逆问题的图像重建的算法,结果表明这几种算法均能提高床中心区域的分辨率,而且全局收敛,其中半步Landweber算法更稳定并适合对悬浮床流动的图像重建。本文选择了综合性能较好的长度200mm的8电极传感器,用于测量悬浮床两个截面上的流动特性。在线重建的图像定性提供了床内全截面上的流动信息。通过提取图像中的数据,分析了截面内有代表性的对称线上的颗粒浓度分布,以及截面平均颗粒浓度的概率密度分布,得到了床内流动的宏观特征和流动特性,验证并弥补了用光纤方法测量的流场优化的结果,并发现了床结构对流场湍动度的影响大于操作参数变化引起的影响。
Aiming at development of the processes of semi-dry and/or dry flue gasdesulfurization with circulating fluidized beds at low and/or medium temperatures(CFB-FGD), this thesis conducts an experimental study on optimization of gas-solidflow regimes, which mainly depend on geometry configuration and operationparameters of a CFB. Replacement of traditional gas distributor by large gas jetsuniformly arranged reduces pressure drop at entrance of a bed, meanwhile leading tosuspension state of particles in the bed. Low bed density and annular-core flowstructure in a circulating suspension bed (CSB) would result in bad effect onutilization rate of sorbent and desulfurization efficiency. Therefore, it is significant toraise particle concentration and improve uniformity of gas-solid distribution in a CSBreactor.
A cold-model experimental facility with a CSB bed, whose cross-section is400mm×400mm and the height is 3940mm, is set up. The particle concentration andparticle velocity profiles in four cross-sections along the height of the CSB riser aremeasured by a fiber optical probe under different conditions corresponding tocombinations of gas jet structure, outlet structure, internals structure, superficial gasvelocity ( U_(g0)) and particle circulating rate ( G_s). After analyses of the experimentalresults, especially of the effects of the conditions on agglomeration anddisagglomeration of particle clusters at walls and corners of the bed, the bed structureand operation parameters best favorable to contacts between gas-solid two phases aredetermined. The bed should consist of a distributor with uniformly arranged largeholes of gas jets, a cap space at the top of the bed, a triangle-shaped internal justbelow the outlet of the bed, and a combination of triangle-shaped internals whichhave different sizes and are staggered on a couple of opposite walls. The aboveconfiguration is simple and can be made easily. In this study, the best operationparameters are G_s= 8~9kg/(m~2·s) and U_(g0)= 2.8m/s.
In this study, the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) technology is firstapplied for measurement of dilute particle concentration distribution in the CSB riserwith so large cross-section. The author has introduced three iterative algorithms, i.e.semi-Landweber algorithm, general vector sample pattern matching (GVSPM)algorithm and statistical induced global optimization algorithm (SIA) for imagereconstruction in solution of ECT inverse problem. The experimental results showthat all the three algorithms have got better spatial resolution of imaging for thecentral region of the riser with global convergence, and finally, the semi-Landweberalgorithm is recognized as the best one for image reconstruction in this ECTmeasurement. Based on a number of tests, a transducer system with eight electrodesof 200mm long is designed to match the CSB riser and the ECT hardware made byUMIST of UK. The on-line reconstructed images qualitatively provide theinformation about flow regimes in the full measured cross-sections. The particleconcentration distributions (PCD) on the typical symmetric lines of the measuredcross-sections and the probability density distributions (PDD) of mean particleconcentration in the measured cross-sections are obtained by extracting data from thereconstructed images. The PCD and PDD reveal macroscopic characters and flowbehaviors in the CSB riser, verify and supplement the optimization results oftwo-phase flow fields measured by the fiber optical probe.
建立了截面尺寸为400mm×400mm,高度为3950mm的循环悬浮床冷态实验装置。对不同的进、出口结构和安装内构件的方案,在各种表观气体速度Ug和物料循环流率G s条件下,利用光纤探头沿床高测量了不同横截面内颗粒浓度和速度的径向分布,分析了不同操作参数和几何结构对颗粒浓度和速度场,尤其是边角区颗粒团聚效应的影响,确定了最有利于气固两相接触的床结构和操作参数。本文得到的结论:采用如下工艺简单的床结构,即大孔均布射流进气,顶部设置帽腔,在床出口下沿安装构件,在床中部安装大小组合-上下交叉内构件;实验条件优选的操作参数为G_s= 8~9kg/(m~2·s),U_(g0)= 2.8m/s。在以上优选的床结构和操作参数下,床内颗粒浓度和速度分布的均匀性,气固混合等状态最好,达到了流场优化的目的。
首次应用电容层析成像技术(ECT)开展了对床内低浓度、大尺寸气固两相流场进行的测量研究。首次将半步Landweber迭代算法、广义模式矢量匹配法和概率统计归纳算法用于ECT逆问题的图像重建的算法,结果表明这几种算法均能提高床中心区域的分辨率,而且全局收敛,其中半步Landweber算法更稳定并适合对悬浮床流动的图像重建。本文选择了综合性能较好的长度200mm的8电极传感器,用于测量悬浮床两个截面上的流动特性。在线重建的图像定性提供了床内全截面上的流动信息。通过提取图像中的数据,分析了截面内有代表性的对称线上的颗粒浓度分布,以及截面平均颗粒浓度的概率密度分布,得到了床内流动的宏观特征和流动特性,验证并弥补了用光纤方法测量的流场优化的结果,并发现了床结构对流场湍动度的影响大于操作参数变化引起的影响。
Aiming at development of the processes of semi-dry and/or dry flue gasdesulfurization with circulating fluidized beds at low and/or medium temperatures(CFB-FGD), this thesis conducts an experimental study on optimization of gas-solidflow regimes, which mainly depend on geometry configuration and operationparameters of a CFB. Replacement of traditional gas distributor by large gas jetsuniformly arranged reduces pressure drop at entrance of a bed, meanwhile leading tosuspension state of particles in the bed. Low bed density and annular-core flowstructure in a circulating suspension bed (CSB) would result in bad effect onutilization rate of sorbent and desulfurization efficiency. Therefore, it is significant toraise particle concentration and improve uniformity of gas-solid distribution in a CSBreactor.
A cold-model experimental facility with a CSB bed, whose cross-section is400mm×400mm and the height is 3940mm, is set up. The particle concentration andparticle velocity profiles in four cross-sections along the height of the CSB riser aremeasured by a fiber optical probe under different conditions corresponding tocombinations of gas jet structure, outlet structure, internals structure, superficial gasvelocity ( U_(g0)) and particle circulating rate ( G_s). After analyses of the experimentalresults, especially of the effects of the conditions on agglomeration anddisagglomeration of particle clusters at walls and corners of the bed, the bed structureand operation parameters best favorable to contacts between gas-solid two phases aredetermined. The bed should consist of a distributor with uniformly arranged largeholes of gas jets, a cap space at the top of the bed, a triangle-shaped internal justbelow the outlet of the bed, and a combination of triangle-shaped internals whichhave different sizes and are staggered on a couple of opposite walls. The aboveconfiguration is simple and can be made easily. In this study, the best operationparameters are G_s= 8~9kg/(m~2·s) and U_(g0)= 2.8m/s.
In this study, the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) technology is firstapplied for measurement of dilute particle concentration distribution in the CSB riserwith so large cross-section. The author has introduced three iterative algorithms, i.e.semi-Landweber algorithm, general vector sample pattern matching (GVSPM)algorithm and statistical induced global optimization algorithm (SIA) for imagereconstruction in solution of ECT inverse problem. The experimental results showthat all the three algorithms have got better spatial resolution of imaging for thecentral region of the riser with global convergence, and finally, the semi-Landweberalgorithm is recognized as the best one for image reconstruction in this ECTmeasurement. Based on a number of tests, a transducer system with eight electrodesof 200mm long is designed to match the CSB riser and the ECT hardware made byUMIST of UK. The on-line reconstructed images qualitatively provide theinformation about flow regimes in the full measured cross-sections. The particleconcentration distributions (PCD) on the typical symmetric lines of the measuredcross-sections and the probability density distributions (PDD) of mean particleconcentration in the measured cross-sections are obtained by extracting data from thereconstructed images. The PCD and PDD reveal macroscopic characters and flowbehaviors in the CSB riser, verify and supplement the optimization results oftwo-phase flow fields measured by the fiber optical probe.
引文
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