基于虚拟仪器构架的电子测量工作站软件集成技术研究
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摘要
虚拟仪器技术是测试技术发展划时代的产物,它对电子测量技术的发展与应用起到了极大的推动作用。虚拟仪器提出“软件就是仪器”的新概念,在虚拟仪器系统中,软件是整个测试系统的核心,它将软件系统的核心平台与具体的功能模块相分离,两者之间通过约定的软件接口相互关联,仪器的功能可由用户自己定义和设计,进而改变、增强仪器系统的功能和规模来满足各种特殊要求。虚拟仪器技术的发展使得构建多模块的集成测试设备成为可能,而当前被测对象与被测目标的复杂性使得研究具有多参数测试能力的多功能集成测试设备成为必要。为此,本文主要讨论多模块虚拟仪器软件的集成技术,研究内容主要涉及多模块虚拟仪器软件构架、驱动器技术、同步与联动技术以及多模块界面技术。在对现有方法进行分析的基础上,获得以下主要研究成果:
1、将虚拟仪器软件集成从单功能模块工作方式向多功能模块协作方式进行扩展。提出了多个测量功能模块协同工作时的多模块集成顶层框架,将顶层构架与模块之间的管理简化为接口调用关系。基于接口的顶层集成框架,将两个层次用接口进行隔离,可以方便地增减模块,或进行模块的升级换代,满足开放性、可扩展性的要求。基于XML文档技术对软件界面进行配置管理,实现界面动态配置。可以自动完成不同分辨率下界面方案的部署与显示,可以灵活的进行多模块与单模块功能界面转化。
2、基于指令队列提出了上层软件与驱动程序之间的指令接口。以指令队列作为上层功能软件与驱动程序之间的设备操作指令缓冲器,指令解析器对指令队列的指令进行解析并交由指令调度器调度。指令接口简化了上层功能软件与驱动程序的接口,隔离了上层软件与下层驱动程序,将多功能模块协同工作时对设备资源的互斥与竞争转化为有序访问,同时增加了仪器模块的可替代性。
3、基于数据队列提出了驱动程序层与上层模块软件层之间的数据接口。一次测量工作完成后,数据接口从设备中读取所有功能模块的测量数据存入数据队列,数据分发器从数据队列中取出数据,按照仪器模块将数据分离,再进行数据分发,完成一次测量过程。使用数据队列技术对采样的数据进行缓存、分离与分发,以仪器功能为基础实现了多模块协作时软件模块之间的同步。
4、以指令接口与数据接口为基础,提出驱动程序的抽象层——驱动器接口层。驱动器接口层对各个仪器模块的驱动程序进行抽象与封装,以指令接口为上层软件模块与驱动程序之间的设备操作机制,以数据接口为上层软件模块与驱动程序之间的数据通知机制。驱动器接口层将上层软件模块与驱动程序之间的工作机制由查询等待机制改进为排队通知机制。实验表明,使用通知机制后很好地解决了总线及设备资源的竞争问题,提高了驱动器的效率。
Virtual Instrument (VI) is a landmark in the development of testing field, it promotes greatly the research and application of the Electronic Measurement technology. VI brings forward the new concept of "Software is the Instrument". In a VI system, software is the core of the testing system, it separates the key platform of the software system and the concrete functional modules, the two inter-associate each other with the contracted software interfaces. The function of the instrument can be defined and designed by the user, then to change and enhance the function and size of the instrument system to meet all kinds of specific requirements. The development of the VI technology makes the construction of multi-module integrated testing device possible, and the complexity of the objects under test makes the research of multi-function integrated testing device that can perform multi-parameter testing task necessary. This dissertation addresses key techniques of the multi-module VI software integration domain. The research focuses on multi-module VI software architecture, driver, synchronization, cooperation and multi-module user interface techniques. The impressive contributions are as follows.
1. The thesis Extents the VI software integration from single module work mode to multi-module cooperation work mode. A top layer integration architecture of the multi-module cooperation is presented, it simplified the management between the top layer and the modules to the call of the module interface. The top layer integration architecture seperates the two layers, and makes the increase/decrease and upgrade of modules more convenient, it meets the requirements of openness and extensibility. The user interface configuration and management is based on the XML technique and can realizes the dynamic configureation. It can automatically implement deployment and display of the user interface, and can conveniently transfer between multi-module and single module user interfaces.
2. A command interface is presented base on the command queue. It uses command queue as the buffer of the commands that the upper function module layer send to control the device, the command parser parses the commands taken from the queue and transfers the commands to the command dispatcher, there the lower driver will be called. The command interface simplified the interface between the upper layer and lower driver, and it also separates the two layers. It transfers the mutually exclusive and competitive share mode of the device to the ordinal share mode, it also enhances the exchangeability of the upper modules.
3. A data interface is presented based on the data queue. While a round of sampling is over, the data interface reads all modules’data from the device and store to the data queue. The data dispatcher first gets the measure data and parts the data according to the modules, and then dispatches the data to the modules, thus ends a round of test. The use of data queue to store, part and dispatch the sampling data, ensures the multi-module's synchronization based on the instruments’function.
4. A driver abstract interface layer is presented based on the command interface and the data interface. The driver interface layer abstracts and encapsulates the instruments’driver. It uses command interface as the device manipulation mechanism, and data interface as the data notification mechanism, between the upper modules and lower driver layer. The driver interface layer improves the query and waiting mechanism to the queue and notification mechanism. Experimental results are given, showing that the queue and notification mechanism solves the competition for the bus and the device, and it increases the efficiency of the instruments driver compares to the query and wait mechanism.
1、将虚拟仪器软件集成从单功能模块工作方式向多功能模块协作方式进行扩展。提出了多个测量功能模块协同工作时的多模块集成顶层框架,将顶层构架与模块之间的管理简化为接口调用关系。基于接口的顶层集成框架,将两个层次用接口进行隔离,可以方便地增减模块,或进行模块的升级换代,满足开放性、可扩展性的要求。基于XML文档技术对软件界面进行配置管理,实现界面动态配置。可以自动完成不同分辨率下界面方案的部署与显示,可以灵活的进行多模块与单模块功能界面转化。
2、基于指令队列提出了上层软件与驱动程序之间的指令接口。以指令队列作为上层功能软件与驱动程序之间的设备操作指令缓冲器,指令解析器对指令队列的指令进行解析并交由指令调度器调度。指令接口简化了上层功能软件与驱动程序的接口,隔离了上层软件与下层驱动程序,将多功能模块协同工作时对设备资源的互斥与竞争转化为有序访问,同时增加了仪器模块的可替代性。
3、基于数据队列提出了驱动程序层与上层模块软件层之间的数据接口。一次测量工作完成后,数据接口从设备中读取所有功能模块的测量数据存入数据队列,数据分发器从数据队列中取出数据,按照仪器模块将数据分离,再进行数据分发,完成一次测量过程。使用数据队列技术对采样的数据进行缓存、分离与分发,以仪器功能为基础实现了多模块协作时软件模块之间的同步。
4、以指令接口与数据接口为基础,提出驱动程序的抽象层——驱动器接口层。驱动器接口层对各个仪器模块的驱动程序进行抽象与封装,以指令接口为上层软件模块与驱动程序之间的设备操作机制,以数据接口为上层软件模块与驱动程序之间的数据通知机制。驱动器接口层将上层软件模块与驱动程序之间的工作机制由查询等待机制改进为排队通知机制。实验表明,使用通知机制后很好地解决了总线及设备资源的竞争问题,提高了驱动器的效率。
Virtual Instrument (VI) is a landmark in the development of testing field, it promotes greatly the research and application of the Electronic Measurement technology. VI brings forward the new concept of "Software is the Instrument". In a VI system, software is the core of the testing system, it separates the key platform of the software system and the concrete functional modules, the two inter-associate each other with the contracted software interfaces. The function of the instrument can be defined and designed by the user, then to change and enhance the function and size of the instrument system to meet all kinds of specific requirements. The development of the VI technology makes the construction of multi-module integrated testing device possible, and the complexity of the objects under test makes the research of multi-function integrated testing device that can perform multi-parameter testing task necessary. This dissertation addresses key techniques of the multi-module VI software integration domain. The research focuses on multi-module VI software architecture, driver, synchronization, cooperation and multi-module user interface techniques. The impressive contributions are as follows.
1. The thesis Extents the VI software integration from single module work mode to multi-module cooperation work mode. A top layer integration architecture of the multi-module cooperation is presented, it simplified the management between the top layer and the modules to the call of the module interface. The top layer integration architecture seperates the two layers, and makes the increase/decrease and upgrade of modules more convenient, it meets the requirements of openness and extensibility. The user interface configuration and management is based on the XML technique and can realizes the dynamic configureation. It can automatically implement deployment and display of the user interface, and can conveniently transfer between multi-module and single module user interfaces.
2. A command interface is presented base on the command queue. It uses command queue as the buffer of the commands that the upper function module layer send to control the device, the command parser parses the commands taken from the queue and transfers the commands to the command dispatcher, there the lower driver will be called. The command interface simplified the interface between the upper layer and lower driver, and it also separates the two layers. It transfers the mutually exclusive and competitive share mode of the device to the ordinal share mode, it also enhances the exchangeability of the upper modules.
3. A data interface is presented based on the data queue. While a round of sampling is over, the data interface reads all modules’data from the device and store to the data queue. The data dispatcher first gets the measure data and parts the data according to the modules, and then dispatches the data to the modules, thus ends a round of test. The use of data queue to store, part and dispatch the sampling data, ensures the multi-module's synchronization based on the instruments’function.
4. A driver abstract interface layer is presented based on the command interface and the data interface. The driver interface layer abstracts and encapsulates the instruments’driver. It uses command interface as the device manipulation mechanism, and data interface as the data notification mechanism, between the upper modules and lower driver layer. The driver interface layer improves the query and waiting mechanism to the queue and notification mechanism. Experimental results are given, showing that the queue and notification mechanism solves the competition for the bus and the device, and it increases the efficiency of the instruments driver compares to the query and wait mechanism.
引文
[1]张毅刚,彭喜元,姜守达,等.自动测试系统.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001
[2]中国测量控制与仪器仪表中长期科技发展规划(讨论稿). http://www.dianzinet.com/ news/B8/file/21409.html
[3]黄学文,周敬泉.虚拟仪器技术的现状与前景.电测与仪表,Oct.2004,Vol.41,No.466, P.5-8
[4]秦树人,张思复,等.集成测试技术与虚拟式仪器——面向21世纪的仪器系统[J].中国机械工程,1999年第19卷,P.77-80
[5] W Rui-Rong, W Le-Yu. The design of VPP software development environment. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2002, Proceedings of the 19th IEEE, vol.1, P.403- 408
[6] D.Cheij. Using interchangeable virtual instrument (IVI) drivers to increasetest system performance. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2001, IEEE Vol.16, Issue: 7, P.8-11
[7]李行善,梁旭,于劲松.基于局域网的自动测试设备组建技术.计算机测量与控制,2006.14(1),P.1-4
[8]张毅刚.虚拟仪器技术介绍.国外电子测量技术,2006年6月,第25卷第6期,P.1-6
[9]秦树人.虚拟仪器及其最新发展.振动、测试与诊断. 2000 Vol.28 No.zk P.123-129
[10]秦树人.虚拟仪器——测试仪器从硬件到软件. Mar.2000,Vol.20,No.1,P.1-6
[11]付桂翠,邹航.虚拟仪器软件体系结构(VISA).电子测量技术,1997年1期,P.18-20
[12]Golden O, Starkloff E. Developing Synthetic Instruments with COTS Technologies. Systems Readiness Technology Conference, IEEE, Sept. 2006,P.32-37
[13] D.Cheij. A software architecture for building interchangeable test systems. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 2001. IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference,P.16-22
[14] D.Cheij. Using interchangeable virtual instrument (IVI) drivers to increasetest system performance. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2001, IEEE Vol.16, Issue: 7, P.8-11
[15] G.E.Geathers. The IVI foundation signal interface: a new industry standard. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 2001. P. 497-503
[16]关丽.基于VPP规范的VXI总线模块的软件开发.计算机自动测量与控制,1998年第3期,P.19-23
[17]王冬磊,王玉峰,常致全.基于IVI接口的通用虚拟仪器驱动器设计.国外电子测量技术,Vol.25,No.5,May.2006,P.25-29
[18] C. Kennedy. Development of a new interchangeable virtual instrument class specification. Autotestcon, 2005. IEEE, P. 812- 819
[19] Greg Caesar. Integrating PXI with VXI, GPIB, USB, and LXI instrumentation. Autotestcon, 2005. IEEE, P.857- 861
[20]李冰,王宝良,等.合成仪器技术及其应用.电测与仪表,Vol.44,No.504,Dec.2007, P.48-51
[21]Golden O, Starkloff E. Developing Synthetic Instruments with COTS Technologies. Systems Readiness Technology Conference, IEEE, Sept. 2006,P.32-37
[22]渠珊珊.可重构虚拟电子测量仪器系统的设计与实现.吉林大学,硕士学位论文,2007年
[23]宋宇峰,等. Lab Windows/CVI逐步深入与开发实例.机械工业出版社,2003年3月
[24]乎西旦·居马洪,蒋新革,古丽米拉.常用软件体系结构模型的分析.计算机工程与设计,Vol.27,No.14,July,2006,P.2624-2625,2646
[25] JING Xue-dong,XU Bin-shi,WANG Cheng-tao,ZHU Sheng,DONG Shi-yun. Virtual instrument for monitoring process of brush plating.中国有色金属学会会刊(英文版)2004 Vol.14 No.z1 P.126-131
[26] David W, Patrik S,Anders H,etc. Considerations when Designing and Using Virtual Instruments as Building Blocks in Flexible Measurement System Solutions. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - IMTC 2007,IEEE, P.1-5
[27] Li wanling,Meng Chen,Yang Suochang. Research on Function Interface Based on Component Technology. The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, ICEMI’2007, IEEE, P.345-348
[28] Zhan Huiqin,Gu Jun,Xi Youbao,etc. Modeling and Analysis of a Testing System Using Hybrid Petri Net. The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, ICEMI’2007, IEEE, P.465-470
[29] Peter P,Michael N. The Up Converter– A Critical Synthetic Instrument Technology. 2005 IEEE, P.290-296
[30] MJ.Callaghan, J.Harkin, TM.McGinnity,etc. Client-Server Architecture for Remote Experimentation for Embedded Systems. iJOE International Journal of Online Engineering - www.i-joe.org
[31] F Pan, S R Qin and L Bo. Development of Diagnosis System for Rolling Bearings Faults Based on Virtual Instrument Technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 48 (2006), P.467–473
[32] Weibo Li, Chengxiong Mao, and Jiming Lu, Study of the Virtual Instrumentation Applied to Measure Pulsed Heavy Currents. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 54, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2005. P.284-288
[33] Baoping Tang, Fabin Cheng and Shuren Qin, Study on Virtual Instrument Developing System Based on Intelligent Virtual Control. 7th International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 13 (2005) P.308–311
[34] Shi Guangfan, Yan Guangming, Li Jigang,etc. The design and implement of virtual instrument based on computing technique and USB platform. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA’05), 2005 IEEE. vol.1.P.291-294
[35] N. Ertugrul.“Towards Virtual Laboratories: a Survey of LabVIEW-based Teaching/Learning Tools and Future Trends”- International Journal of Engineering Education. 2000.Vol. 16, No. 3. P.171-180
[36]H Li, X Luo, C Liu, etc.“Multi-channel electrochemical detection system based on LabVIEW”Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Information Acquisition. Hefei,China, (2004) P.224-227
[37]Chung-Ping Young, Devaney, M.J. Shyh-Chyang Wang.“Universal serial bus enhances virtual instrument-based distributed power monitoring”. Instrumentation and Measurement. IEEE Transactions on, Publication Date: Dec 2001. Vol.50 No.6 P.1692-1697
[38] Droste, D.B. Allman, B.“Anatomy of the next generation of ATE”, Autotestcon, 2005. IEEE Publication Date: 26-29 Sept. 2005 .P.560- 569
[39] Sethunadh, R.“Using new instrument interface standards to increase automatic test system performance”Autotestcon, 2005. IEEE Publication Date: 26-29 Sept. 2005.P.677- 682
[40] J Pasquarette.“Windows GUI Techniques for Instrumentation Programmers with LabWindows?/CVI”. 1997. zone.ni.com
[41] Ou Qizhong. Research on Network Laboratory Based on Virtual Instrument. The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments. ICEMI’. 2007 IEEE. P.272-277
[2]中国测量控制与仪器仪表中长期科技发展规划(讨论稿). http://www.dianzinet.com/ news/B8/file/21409.html
[3]黄学文,周敬泉.虚拟仪器技术的现状与前景.电测与仪表,Oct.2004,Vol.41,No.466, P.5-8
[4]秦树人,张思复,等.集成测试技术与虚拟式仪器——面向21世纪的仪器系统[J].中国机械工程,1999年第19卷,P.77-80
[5] W Rui-Rong, W Le-Yu. The design of VPP software development environment. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2002, Proceedings of the 19th IEEE, vol.1, P.403- 408
[6] D.Cheij. Using interchangeable virtual instrument (IVI) drivers to increasetest system performance. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2001, IEEE Vol.16, Issue: 7, P.8-11
[7]李行善,梁旭,于劲松.基于局域网的自动测试设备组建技术.计算机测量与控制,2006.14(1),P.1-4
[8]张毅刚.虚拟仪器技术介绍.国外电子测量技术,2006年6月,第25卷第6期,P.1-6
[9]秦树人.虚拟仪器及其最新发展.振动、测试与诊断. 2000 Vol.28 No.zk P.123-129
[10]秦树人.虚拟仪器——测试仪器从硬件到软件. Mar.2000,Vol.20,No.1,P.1-6
[11]付桂翠,邹航.虚拟仪器软件体系结构(VISA).电子测量技术,1997年1期,P.18-20
[12]Golden O, Starkloff E. Developing Synthetic Instruments with COTS Technologies. Systems Readiness Technology Conference, IEEE, Sept. 2006,P.32-37
[13] D.Cheij. A software architecture for building interchangeable test systems. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 2001. IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference,P.16-22
[14] D.Cheij. Using interchangeable virtual instrument (IVI) drivers to increasetest system performance. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2001, IEEE Vol.16, Issue: 7, P.8-11
[15] G.E.Geathers. The IVI foundation signal interface: a new industry standard. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 2001. P. 497-503
[16]关丽.基于VPP规范的VXI总线模块的软件开发.计算机自动测量与控制,1998年第3期,P.19-23
[17]王冬磊,王玉峰,常致全.基于IVI接口的通用虚拟仪器驱动器设计.国外电子测量技术,Vol.25,No.5,May.2006,P.25-29
[18] C. Kennedy. Development of a new interchangeable virtual instrument class specification. Autotestcon, 2005. IEEE, P. 812- 819
[19] Greg Caesar. Integrating PXI with VXI, GPIB, USB, and LXI instrumentation. Autotestcon, 2005. IEEE, P.857- 861
[20]李冰,王宝良,等.合成仪器技术及其应用.电测与仪表,Vol.44,No.504,Dec.2007, P.48-51
[21]Golden O, Starkloff E. Developing Synthetic Instruments with COTS Technologies. Systems Readiness Technology Conference, IEEE, Sept. 2006,P.32-37
[22]渠珊珊.可重构虚拟电子测量仪器系统的设计与实现.吉林大学,硕士学位论文,2007年
[23]宋宇峰,等. Lab Windows/CVI逐步深入与开发实例.机械工业出版社,2003年3月
[24]乎西旦·居马洪,蒋新革,古丽米拉.常用软件体系结构模型的分析.计算机工程与设计,Vol.27,No.14,July,2006,P.2624-2625,2646
[25] JING Xue-dong,XU Bin-shi,WANG Cheng-tao,ZHU Sheng,DONG Shi-yun. Virtual instrument for monitoring process of brush plating.中国有色金属学会会刊(英文版)2004 Vol.14 No.z1 P.126-131
[26] David W, Patrik S,Anders H,etc. Considerations when Designing and Using Virtual Instruments as Building Blocks in Flexible Measurement System Solutions. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - IMTC 2007,IEEE, P.1-5
[27] Li wanling,Meng Chen,Yang Suochang. Research on Function Interface Based on Component Technology. The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, ICEMI’2007, IEEE, P.345-348
[28] Zhan Huiqin,Gu Jun,Xi Youbao,etc. Modeling and Analysis of a Testing System Using Hybrid Petri Net. The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, ICEMI’2007, IEEE, P.465-470
[29] Peter P,Michael N. The Up Converter– A Critical Synthetic Instrument Technology. 2005 IEEE, P.290-296
[30] MJ.Callaghan, J.Harkin, TM.McGinnity,etc. Client-Server Architecture for Remote Experimentation for Embedded Systems. iJOE International Journal of Online Engineering - www.i-joe.org
[31] F Pan, S R Qin and L Bo. Development of Diagnosis System for Rolling Bearings Faults Based on Virtual Instrument Technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 48 (2006), P.467–473
[32] Weibo Li, Chengxiong Mao, and Jiming Lu, Study of the Virtual Instrumentation Applied to Measure Pulsed Heavy Currents. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 54, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2005. P.284-288
[33] Baoping Tang, Fabin Cheng and Shuren Qin, Study on Virtual Instrument Developing System Based on Intelligent Virtual Control. 7th International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 13 (2005) P.308–311
[34] Shi Guangfan, Yan Guangming, Li Jigang,etc. The design and implement of virtual instrument based on computing technique and USB platform. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA’05), 2005 IEEE. vol.1.P.291-294
[35] N. Ertugrul.“Towards Virtual Laboratories: a Survey of LabVIEW-based Teaching/Learning Tools and Future Trends”- International Journal of Engineering Education. 2000.Vol. 16, No. 3. P.171-180
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