中国城乡商品流通一体化研究
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摘要
2012年政府工作报告指出将继续向“三农”、民生、社会事业等领域倾斜,支持节能环保、自主创新和欠发达地区的建设,同时将积极扩大居民消费需求。党的十七大报告在阐述和部署社会主义新农村建设任务时明确提出,要建立以工促农、以城带乡长效机制,形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局。这是党中央对统筹城乡发展提出的新方针和新要求,是打破城乡二元结构、加快农业和农村发展、促进农民富裕的根本途径,为下一步推进城乡经济社会协调发展指明了方向。长期以来非均衡的资源配置和“重城轻乡”、“重工轻农”的发展政策,使得我国农村发展严重滞后,农民收入增长缓慢,日益显著的城乡二元结构已经成为制约我国经济持续、健康、快速发展的瓶颈。因此,中共中央在深刻总结几十年来处理城乡关系、解决“三农”问题实践经验的基础上,提出了城乡一体化发展的思路和方针。这是一种全新的发展思路和战略思想,跳出了传统的就农村论农村、就农业论农业的框架,用系统论的观点将城市与农村通盘考虑,要求在制定宏观政策时,改变以往的城市倾斜政策,反过来把解决“三农”问题放在优先的位置上,注意向农村倾斜,对农业反哺,通过国民收入分配和重大经济政策的调整来支持农业,实现城乡协调发展。
在城乡一体化过程中,商品流通发挥着重要作用。商品流通连接商品的生产和销售,是保障商品完成“惊险一跳”的重要条件。商品流通的地位和作用决定了其在经济生活中的重要性,商品流通发育的程度直接影响并决定生产的发育程度。随着2008年美国次贷危机的蔓延,经济发展的三驾马车中的出口受到了严重的冲击导致出口大幅下滑、国内产出相对过剩、投资需求不旺,在这样的历史环境下,如何扩大国内商品的消费需求就提到了历史的舞台。在此背景下,国家提出了扩内需、调结构、保增长的战略目标。我国农村的商品消费需求低下成为扩大内需难点问题,同时城市的消费需求也不容忽视。因此,如何实现城乡商品流通一体化发展就成为理论和实践中急需解决的问题。本文界定了城乡商品流通一体化的相关概念,构建了城乡商品流通一体化的理论体系。同时对城乡商品流通一体化进程与影响因素进行了详细的分析,在借鉴国际经验的基础上,提出了发展城乡商品流通组织一体化、城乡商品流通经营一体化和城乡商品流通政策一体化新模式,基于以上理论分析,对我国的城乡商品流通一体化水平进行定量测度,最后提出了城乡商品流通一体化发展的实现途径。
本文的创新之处在于,建立了城乡商品流通一体化理论体系,完善了商品流通理论；提出了符合我国经济发展的城乡商品流通组织一体化模式、经营一体化模式和流通政策一体化模式；通过建立模型,测度了我国城乡商品流通一体化的水平。
The2012government report point that the current urban-rural relation is the process of market-oriented reform of the urban-rural relations. From a market point of the study of urban and rural reform and development through market-oriented process, emphasizing the use of market forces and mutually beneficial interaction between urban and rural areas started in the market mechanism, and promote coordinated economic and social development in urban and rural areas. Better and Faster economic development gives us specific research requirements. Therefore, through the promotion of urban-rural markets, urban and rural areas to achieve better economic integration and ultimately achieve integration, this is the logical starting point of the theisies. Urban-rural markets promote production, serve consumption, take an important part of improving the market economy,and also coordinating various industries and economic sectors.
Circulation, as a circle of the product, play aimportant role. Promoting the integration of urban-rural markets contributes to creating an open, fair and just market competition environment, to the effective allocation of the urban and rural resources,to improving the socialist market economic system,to break the dual economic problems,to push the new rural construction,to make overall planning for urban and rural economic and social development, to the interaction between urban and rural areas to achieve a favorable development. Urban-rural market integration is to break the boundaries of the urban-rural markets, to establish a unified economic space between urban and rural areas, to promote the free movement of goods and factors between the urban and rural sectors, and gradually to eliminate separated condition, and to achieve optimal resource allocation in the market as a whole within the scope of the process and the state. Urban-rural market integration is the foundation and core of the urban-rural economic integration, is also the essence of urban-rural economic integration areas, high degree of economic integration is a key in both urban and rural areas. Promote the integration of urban-rural markets, and ultimately achieve economic integration in urban and rural areas, will naturally become an economic development path.The market is divided by the administration into two markets, urban market and rural market. The allocation of natural resources and capital,labor, technology and other production factors is in the uneven and imbalance status in the urban and rural areas. Productivity progress is the basic reason for the integrated development of urban-rural markets. An urban-rural market complementary to the integrated development of urban-rural markets is the direct motivation. Technical progress is the path chosen for the integrated development of urban-rural markets. The motive of urban-rural market integration can be summed up as a strong earnings expected. Both external factors and internal factors are the driving force to promote the urban-rural market integration. The level of urban-rural market integration is the function of external economic and gathering economy, industries and industrial division, the spatial distance, communication network elements, the cost of the system.all of the factors on the urban-rural market integration of plays either positive or negative effects.By summing up historical experience and development, we can properly handle the relationship between contemporary urban and rural areas.Urban and rural areas become more balanced, harmonious and orderly manner.The urban-rural market integration has a good social background,economic background, political and cultural backgrounds. In the process of the urban-rural market integration, it will involve the interests of different interest groups, and a conflict of interest is inevitable.
The main innovation in the paper are listed as foolows:construct the theory system of circulation between urban and rural areas, the networknization and the internationlization. In order to promote the urban-rural markets integration, we need the government to take positive action for the market, to provide a sound system and policy environment. In order to realize the urban-rural markets integration,the urban-rural administration system innovation, the employment and social security system, the rural financial system, the property rights system, the educational system in urban and rural areas, the urban and rural distribution system, with the rapid development of the urban-rural market integration, it will optimize the effective allocation of resources in urban and rural areas, as well as narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. And the urban-rural economic and social integration will ultimately realize.
在城乡一体化过程中,商品流通发挥着重要作用。商品流通连接商品的生产和销售,是保障商品完成“惊险一跳”的重要条件。商品流通的地位和作用决定了其在经济生活中的重要性,商品流通发育的程度直接影响并决定生产的发育程度。随着2008年美国次贷危机的蔓延,经济发展的三驾马车中的出口受到了严重的冲击导致出口大幅下滑、国内产出相对过剩、投资需求不旺,在这样的历史环境下,如何扩大国内商品的消费需求就提到了历史的舞台。在此背景下,国家提出了扩内需、调结构、保增长的战略目标。我国农村的商品消费需求低下成为扩大内需难点问题,同时城市的消费需求也不容忽视。因此,如何实现城乡商品流通一体化发展就成为理论和实践中急需解决的问题。本文界定了城乡商品流通一体化的相关概念,构建了城乡商品流通一体化的理论体系。同时对城乡商品流通一体化进程与影响因素进行了详细的分析,在借鉴国际经验的基础上,提出了发展城乡商品流通组织一体化、城乡商品流通经营一体化和城乡商品流通政策一体化新模式,基于以上理论分析,对我国的城乡商品流通一体化水平进行定量测度,最后提出了城乡商品流通一体化发展的实现途径。
本文的创新之处在于,建立了城乡商品流通一体化理论体系,完善了商品流通理论；提出了符合我国经济发展的城乡商品流通组织一体化模式、经营一体化模式和流通政策一体化模式；通过建立模型,测度了我国城乡商品流通一体化的水平。
The2012government report point that the current urban-rural relation is the process of market-oriented reform of the urban-rural relations. From a market point of the study of urban and rural reform and development through market-oriented process, emphasizing the use of market forces and mutually beneficial interaction between urban and rural areas started in the market mechanism, and promote coordinated economic and social development in urban and rural areas. Better and Faster economic development gives us specific research requirements. Therefore, through the promotion of urban-rural markets, urban and rural areas to achieve better economic integration and ultimately achieve integration, this is the logical starting point of the theisies. Urban-rural markets promote production, serve consumption, take an important part of improving the market economy,and also coordinating various industries and economic sectors.
Circulation, as a circle of the product, play aimportant role. Promoting the integration of urban-rural markets contributes to creating an open, fair and just market competition environment, to the effective allocation of the urban and rural resources,to improving the socialist market economic system,to break the dual economic problems,to push the new rural construction,to make overall planning for urban and rural economic and social development, to the interaction between urban and rural areas to achieve a favorable development. Urban-rural market integration is to break the boundaries of the urban-rural markets, to establish a unified economic space between urban and rural areas, to promote the free movement of goods and factors between the urban and rural sectors, and gradually to eliminate separated condition, and to achieve optimal resource allocation in the market as a whole within the scope of the process and the state. Urban-rural market integration is the foundation and core of the urban-rural economic integration, is also the essence of urban-rural economic integration areas, high degree of economic integration is a key in both urban and rural areas. Promote the integration of urban-rural markets, and ultimately achieve economic integration in urban and rural areas, will naturally become an economic development path.The market is divided by the administration into two markets, urban market and rural market. The allocation of natural resources and capital,labor, technology and other production factors is in the uneven and imbalance status in the urban and rural areas. Productivity progress is the basic reason for the integrated development of urban-rural markets. An urban-rural market complementary to the integrated development of urban-rural markets is the direct motivation. Technical progress is the path chosen for the integrated development of urban-rural markets. The motive of urban-rural market integration can be summed up as a strong earnings expected. Both external factors and internal factors are the driving force to promote the urban-rural market integration. The level of urban-rural market integration is the function of external economic and gathering economy, industries and industrial division, the spatial distance, communication network elements, the cost of the system.all of the factors on the urban-rural market integration of plays either positive or negative effects.By summing up historical experience and development, we can properly handle the relationship between contemporary urban and rural areas.Urban and rural areas become more balanced, harmonious and orderly manner.The urban-rural market integration has a good social background,economic background, political and cultural backgrounds. In the process of the urban-rural market integration, it will involve the interests of different interest groups, and a conflict of interest is inevitable.
The main innovation in the paper are listed as foolows:construct the theory system of circulation between urban and rural areas, the networknization and the internationlization. In order to promote the urban-rural markets integration, we need the government to take positive action for the market, to provide a sound system and policy environment. In order to realize the urban-rural markets integration,the urban-rural administration system innovation, the employment and social security system, the rural financial system, the property rights system, the educational system in urban and rural areas, the urban and rural distribution system, with the rapid development of the urban-rural market integration, it will optimize the effective allocation of resources in urban and rural areas, as well as narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. And the urban-rural economic and social integration will ultimately realize.
引文
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