交—交型高频环节AC/AC变换器研究
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摘要
本文首先论述了AC／AC变换器的发展现状及应用前景。
本文提出了基于正激Forward变换器的电压源型和基于反激Flyback变换器的电流源型交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器电路结构与拓扑族。这类变换器由输入周波变换器、高频变压器(或高频储能式变压器)、输出周波变换器、以及输入、输出滤波器构成。电压源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器电路拓扑族，包括单正激式、并联交错正激式、推挽全波式、推挽桥式、半桥全波式、半桥桥式、全桥全波式、全桥桥式八种电路；电流源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器电路拓扑族，包括单四象限功率开关式、推挽式、半桥式、全桥式四种电路。
以全桥桥式拓扑为例，论述了单极性移相控制的原理、单极性移相控制电压源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器在一个高频开关周期内的十二个工作模式及其等效电路。采用状态空间平均法建立了变换器平均模型，获得了关键电路参数的设计准则和变换器的外特性曲线。
以单四象限功率开关式拓扑为例，分析研究了电流源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器的工作模式、稳态原理与电压瞬时值反馈控制策略，给出了变换器的关键电路参数的设计准则和变换器的外特性曲线。
设计并研制成功1kVA 220V±10％(50Hz)／110V(50Hz)单极性移相控制电压源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器和500VA 220V±15％(50Hz)／220V(50Hz)单四象限功率开关式电流源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器原理样机。试验表明，这类变换器具有高频电气隔离、电路拓扑简洁、两级功率变换(LFAC／HFAC／LFAC)、功率密度高、双向功率流、无音频噪音、变换效率高、网侧功率因数高等优点。为新一代正弦交流稳压器、电子变压器、交流调压器、同频波形变换器的实现奠定了关键技术基础。
The present status, development trend and application field of AC/AC converters are firstly presented in the thesis.
Then novel circuit structure and circuit topologies family of voltage mode (based on Forward converter) and current mode (based on Flyback converter)AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link , are proposed. The circuit structure of this kind of converters is constituted of input cycloconverter, high frequency transformer (high frequency storage transformer), output cycloconverter, input and output filter. The circuit topologies family of voltage mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link include eight circuit topologies, such as single forward mode, interleaved-forward mode, push pull-full wave mode, push pull-full bridge mode, half bridge-full wave mode, half bridge-full bridge mode, full bridge-full wave mode, and full bridge-full bridge mode etc.The circuit topologies family of current mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link include single four-quadrant power switch mode, push-pull mode, half-bridge mode, and full-bridge mode circuits.
Taking full bridge-full bridge mode circuit as an example, principle of Uni-polarity Phase shifting Controll is introduced. The twelve kinds of modes and equivalent circuits of voltage mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link within one high frequency switching period are carefully analyses.By using the state-space averaging approach,the converter's averaging model is presented, and the design criterion of key circuit parameters and the output characteristic curve are given.
Taking single four-quadrant power switch mode circuit as an example, the operational mode, steady principles, transient voltage feedback control strategy of current mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link are investigated. The output characteristic curve and the design for the key circuit parameters are given.
Prototypes for 1kVA 220V + 10%(50Hz)/110V(50Hz) uni-polarity phase-shifted controlled voltage mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converter with high frequency link and 500VA 220V+15%(50Hz)/220V(50Hz) single four-quadrant power switch mode current mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converter with high frequency link, are successfully designed and developed. The prototype test results indicate: voltage mode and current mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link have the advantages such as high frequency electrical isolation .simple topology, two-stage power conversions, high power density, bidirectional power flow, good line current waveform, no audio noise,high converting efficiency,and high input power factor etc. This kind of converter lay the key technical foundation on new type regulated sinusoidal ac power supply, electronic transformer ,ac regulator,and wave converter etc.
本文提出了基于正激Forward变换器的电压源型和基于反激Flyback变换器的电流源型交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器电路结构与拓扑族。这类变换器由输入周波变换器、高频变压器(或高频储能式变压器)、输出周波变换器、以及输入、输出滤波器构成。电压源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器电路拓扑族，包括单正激式、并联交错正激式、推挽全波式、推挽桥式、半桥全波式、半桥桥式、全桥全波式、全桥桥式八种电路；电流源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器电路拓扑族，包括单四象限功率开关式、推挽式、半桥式、全桥式四种电路。
以全桥桥式拓扑为例，论述了单极性移相控制的原理、单极性移相控制电压源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器在一个高频开关周期内的十二个工作模式及其等效电路。采用状态空间平均法建立了变换器平均模型，获得了关键电路参数的设计准则和变换器的外特性曲线。
以单四象限功率开关式拓扑为例，分析研究了电流源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器的工作模式、稳态原理与电压瞬时值反馈控制策略，给出了变换器的关键电路参数的设计准则和变换器的外特性曲线。
设计并研制成功1kVA 220V±10％(50Hz)／110V(50Hz)单极性移相控制电压源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器和500VA 220V±15％(50Hz)／220V(50Hz)单四象限功率开关式电流源交—交型高频环节AC／AC变换器原理样机。试验表明，这类变换器具有高频电气隔离、电路拓扑简洁、两级功率变换(LFAC／HFAC／LFAC)、功率密度高、双向功率流、无音频噪音、变换效率高、网侧功率因数高等优点。为新一代正弦交流稳压器、电子变压器、交流调压器、同频波形变换器的实现奠定了关键技术基础。
The present status, development trend and application field of AC/AC converters are firstly presented in the thesis.
Then novel circuit structure and circuit topologies family of voltage mode (based on Forward converter) and current mode (based on Flyback converter)AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link , are proposed. The circuit structure of this kind of converters is constituted of input cycloconverter, high frequency transformer (high frequency storage transformer), output cycloconverter, input and output filter. The circuit topologies family of voltage mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link include eight circuit topologies, such as single forward mode, interleaved-forward mode, push pull-full wave mode, push pull-full bridge mode, half bridge-full wave mode, half bridge-full bridge mode, full bridge-full wave mode, and full bridge-full bridge mode etc.The circuit topologies family of current mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link include single four-quadrant power switch mode, push-pull mode, half-bridge mode, and full-bridge mode circuits.
Taking full bridge-full bridge mode circuit as an example, principle of Uni-polarity Phase shifting Controll is introduced. The twelve kinds of modes and equivalent circuits of voltage mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link within one high frequency switching period are carefully analyses.By using the state-space averaging approach,the converter's averaging model is presented, and the design criterion of key circuit parameters and the output characteristic curve are given.
Taking single four-quadrant power switch mode circuit as an example, the operational mode, steady principles, transient voltage feedback control strategy of current mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link are investigated. The output characteristic curve and the design for the key circuit parameters are given.
Prototypes for 1kVA 220V + 10%(50Hz)/110V(50Hz) uni-polarity phase-shifted controlled voltage mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converter with high frequency link and 500VA 220V+15%(50Hz)/220V(50Hz) single four-quadrant power switch mode current mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converter with high frequency link, are successfully designed and developed. The prototype test results indicate: voltage mode and current mode AC-AC mode AC/AC converters with high frequency link have the advantages such as high frequency electrical isolation .simple topology, two-stage power conversions, high power density, bidirectional power flow, good line current waveform, no audio noise,high converting efficiency,and high input power factor etc. This kind of converter lay the key technical foundation on new type regulated sinusoidal ac power supply, electronic transformer ,ac regulator,and wave converter etc.
引文
1. Lee Min-Kwang, Lee Dong-Yun, Hyun Dong-Seok. New zero-current-transition PWM DC/DC converters without current stress[A]. In: Proc of IEEE PESC'2001[C]. NJ, USA,2001,pp.1069-1074.
2. Choi H, Kim J W, Cho H B. Novel zero-voltage and zero-current switching (ZVZCS) full-bridge PWM converter using coupled output inductor[A]. In: Proc of IEEE APEC'2001[C]. California, USA, 2001.967-973.
3．陈道炼，熊雅红．占空比扩展高频脉冲直流环节航空静止变流器研究[J]．电工技术学报，2001，16(5)：35-39．
4. Jai P. Agrawal. Power Electronic Systems Theory and Design[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2001.373-382.
5. Neft C L, Schauder C D. Theory and design of a 30-hp matrix converter[J]. IEEE Trans. On IA, 1992, 28(3):546-551.
6. Braham I.Pressman. Switching Power Supply Design,The McGraw.Hill Companies,Inc 1998,pp.427～470
7. Joao C.Oliveira et al, "A half-bridge PWM AC/AC converter", IEEE APEC, 1996,pp.709-715.
8. Modeling,analysis and compensation of the current-mode converter. Unitrode application note:3.43～3.48
9. Practical considerations in current mode power supplies. Unitrode application note:3.106～3.123
10. T.H.Chen, W.L.Lin,C.M.Liaw.Dynamic modeling and controlled design of Flyback converter, IEEE Transactions On Aerospace and Electronic Systems VOL.35, NO.4 OCTOBER 1999. PP.1230～1238
11. Christophe Basso, "A 70W low standby power supply with the NCP120X series" On semiconductor application note
12．陈道炼，《DC—AC逆变技术及其应用》，机械工业出版社，2003
13．蔡宣三、龚绍文，《高频功率电子学》，科学出版社，1993
14．黄敏超，“高频链逆变技术的研究”，浙江大学博士学位论文，1998
15．陈道炼，“高频环节航空静止变流器研究”，南京航空航天大学博士后研究工作报告，2001．
16. I.Yamato et al, "New conversion system for UPS using high frequency link", IEEE PESC'88, pp.658～663.
17. I.Yamato et al, "High frequency link DC/AC converter for UPS with a voltage clamper", IEEEPESC'90, pp.749～756.
18. Mikihiko Matsui, "High-frequency link DC/DC converter with suppressed voltage
clamp circuit—naturally commutated phase angle control with self turn-off devices ", IEEE Trans.on IA,VOL.32,NO.2,1996,pp.293～300.
19. Unitrode integrated circuits, "Product & Applications Handbook", 1995-1996.
20. Xiangdong lai, "Spwpm DC-AC converter with high frequency link" IPEMC' 97,VOL.1, pp.316～319.
21．张占松、蔡宣三，《开关电源的原理与设计》，电子工业出版社，1999．
22．《CMOS集成电路》，国防工业出版社，1985
23．李成章、王淑芳，《新型UPS不间断电源原理与维修技术》，电子工业出版社，1995
24．张乃国，《实用电源技术手册》交流稳定电源分册，辽宁科学技术出版社，1999
25．梁适安，《转换式电源供给器原理与设计》，全华科技图书股份有限公司，1990
26．叶慧贞、杨兴洲，《新颖开关稳压电源》，国防工业出版社，1999
27．胡寿松，《自动控制原理》(第3版)，国防工业出版社，1994
28．丁道宏，《电力电子技术》，航空工业出版社，1990
29．赵修科，《实用电源技术手册》磁性元器件分册，辽宁科学技术出版社，1998
30．刘凤君，《正弦波逆变器》，科学出版社，2002
31．王聪，《软开关功率变换器及其应用》，科学出版社，2000
32．《标准集成电路数据手册》CMOS4000系列电路，电子工业出版社，1995
33．赵效敏，《开关电源的设计与应用》，上海科学普及出版社，1995
34．王其英，《实用电源技术手册》UPS电源分册，辽宁科学技术出版社，2002
35．沙占友，《单片开关电源最新应用技术》，机械工业出版社，2003
36．李成章，《现代UPS电源机及电路图集》，电子工业出版社，2001
2. Choi H, Kim J W, Cho H B. Novel zero-voltage and zero-current switching (ZVZCS) full-bridge PWM converter using coupled output inductor[A]. In: Proc of IEEE APEC'2001[C]. California, USA, 2001.967-973.
3．陈道炼，熊雅红．占空比扩展高频脉冲直流环节航空静止变流器研究[J]．电工技术学报，2001，16(5)：35-39．
4. Jai P. Agrawal. Power Electronic Systems Theory and Design[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2001.373-382.
5. Neft C L, Schauder C D. Theory and design of a 30-hp matrix converter[J]. IEEE Trans. On IA, 1992, 28(3):546-551.
6. Braham I.Pressman. Switching Power Supply Design,The McGraw.Hill Companies,Inc 1998,pp.427～470
7. Joao C.Oliveira et al, "A half-bridge PWM AC/AC converter", IEEE APEC, 1996,pp.709-715.
8. Modeling,analysis and compensation of the current-mode converter. Unitrode application note:3.43～3.48
9. Practical considerations in current mode power supplies. Unitrode application note:3.106～3.123
10. T.H.Chen, W.L.Lin,C.M.Liaw.Dynamic modeling and controlled design of Flyback converter, IEEE Transactions On Aerospace and Electronic Systems VOL.35, NO.4 OCTOBER 1999. PP.1230～1238
11. Christophe Basso, "A 70W low standby power supply with the NCP120X series" On semiconductor application note
12．陈道炼，《DC—AC逆变技术及其应用》，机械工业出版社，2003
13．蔡宣三、龚绍文，《高频功率电子学》，科学出版社，1993
14．黄敏超，“高频链逆变技术的研究”，浙江大学博士学位论文，1998
15．陈道炼，“高频环节航空静止变流器研究”，南京航空航天大学博士后研究工作报告，2001．
16. I.Yamato et al, "New conversion system for UPS using high frequency link", IEEE PESC'88, pp.658～663.
17. I.Yamato et al, "High frequency link DC/AC converter for UPS with a voltage clamper", IEEEPESC'90, pp.749～756.
18. Mikihiko Matsui, "High-frequency link DC/DC converter with suppressed voltage
clamp circuit—naturally commutated phase angle control with self turn-off devices ", IEEE Trans.on IA,VOL.32,NO.2,1996,pp.293～300.
19. Unitrode integrated circuits, "Product & Applications Handbook", 1995-1996.
20. Xiangdong lai, "Spwpm DC-AC converter with high frequency link" IPEMC' 97,VOL.1, pp.316～319.
21．张占松、蔡宣三，《开关电源的原理与设计》，电子工业出版社，1999．
22．《CMOS集成电路》，国防工业出版社，1985
23．李成章、王淑芳，《新型UPS不间断电源原理与维修技术》，电子工业出版社，1995
24．张乃国，《实用电源技术手册》交流稳定电源分册，辽宁科学技术出版社，1999
25．梁适安，《转换式电源供给器原理与设计》，全华科技图书股份有限公司，1990
26．叶慧贞、杨兴洲，《新颖开关稳压电源》，国防工业出版社，1999
27．胡寿松，《自动控制原理》(第3版)，国防工业出版社，1994
28．丁道宏，《电力电子技术》，航空工业出版社，1990
29．赵修科，《实用电源技术手册》磁性元器件分册，辽宁科学技术出版社，1998
30．刘凤君，《正弦波逆变器》，科学出版社，2002
31．王聪，《软开关功率变换器及其应用》，科学出版社，2000
32．《标准集成电路数据手册》CMOS4000系列电路，电子工业出版社，1995
33．赵效敏，《开关电源的设计与应用》，上海科学普及出版社，1995
34．王其英，《实用电源技术手册》UPS电源分册，辽宁科学技术出版社，2002
35．沙占友，《单片开关电源最新应用技术》，机械工业出版社，2003
36．李成章，《现代UPS电源机及电路图集》，电子工业出版社，2001