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焉耆盆地博湖坳陷侏罗系层序构成样式及对构造活动的响应
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摘要
本文应用翔实的露头、岩芯和测井以及地震资料,以层序地层学、沉积体系分析为基础,以沉积、层序的构造响应分析为主线,建立了研究区目的层段的层序地层格架,对研究区目的层段的沉积体系类型及其沉积相、沉积微相组成进行了系统分析,对比分析了研究区的层序地层结构特征,归纳了研究区层序发育及对比模式,最终探讨了坳陷内沉积、层序的构造响应特征。
     论文主要内容包括如下几个部分:
     第一章主要讨论了论文选题的目的与意义,包括层序地层学和沉积、层序与幕式构造活动之间响应关系的国内外研究现状及前沿方向,焉耆盆地勘探研究现状,以及论文的研究思路与方法。总体上,正确地识别各级层序地层界面、建立高精度层序地层格架是层序地层研究的基础,详细沉积体系分析是本文研究的重要内容,精细对比不同单元的层序、沉积发育特征、厘定沉积—层序的构造响应关系、探讨层序与幕式构造活动之间的响应关系是本文研究的最终目标。本研究拟采取层序地层学“点—线—面—时”和“构造活动—沉积、层序响应”相结合的研究方法。
     第二章介绍了焉耆盆地的基本地质概况,焉耆盆地横跨在库鲁克塔格褶皱带和南天山褶皱带之上,处于新疆塔里木、准噶尔、吐哈三大盆地之间。盆地四面环山,西起霍拉山,东至克孜勒山和铜矿山,北至南天山,南抵库鲁克塔格山。焉耆盆地具两坳一隆的构造格局,自南向北可划分为博湖坳陷、焉耆隆起和和静坳陷三个一级构造单元。焉耆盆地是位于南天山与库鲁克山之间山间盆地,其演化过程中有以下几个阶段,中生代:三叠纪的前陆盆地阶段、侏罗纪的造山期后应力松弛弱伸展盆地阶段、白垩纪的挤压隆升剥蚀阶段;新生代:古近纪的区域(挤压)沉降盆地阶段和新近纪的再生前陆盆地阶段。
     第三章采取露头层序、地震层序、典型钻井层序三方面研究相结合,在侏罗系充填沉积中可识别出11条主要的等时界面,其中一级层序界面1条,二级层序—层序组界面3条,三级层序—层序界面7条,其中:
     ①侏罗系充填沉积可识别一级层序—层序组界面1条:Sb8为坳陷级区域不整合面或古构造运动面。
     ②侏罗系充填沉积可识别二级层序—层序组界面3条:Sb8~1、Sb8~3、Sb8~4——凹陷级准区域不整合面或古构造运动面。
     ③侏罗系充填沉积可识别三级层序—层序界面7条:Sb8~(2-1)、SB8~(2-2)、SB8~2、SB8~(3-1)、SB8~(3-0)、SB8~(4-1)、SB8~(4-2)——局部构造运动面或相转换面或区域气候转换面。
     并通过焉耆盆地南部坳陷博南1井和北部坳陷宝1井两口典型单井的层序地层、沉积相
By outcrops, cores observing and seismic data interpreting detailedly, and based on sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary system analyzing. Sequence stratigraphy framework is established. The styles of Sedimentary system, sedimentary facies and micro-facies are identified. Sequence stratigraphy architecture is studied by sequence and sedimentary comparing in wells. And at last, the characteristics of the relationship between sediment, sequence and structure activity are discussed in Jurassic in Bohu depression, Yanqi basin.
    The thesis is divided into several parts:
    The purposes and significances of the thesis are discussed in the first chapter. In the first chapter, the present state and perspectives of sequence stratigraphy and the relationship between sediment, sequence and structure activity are introduced. And the research idea and methods be adopted in the thesis are proposed. The research ideas include the identifying of sequence boundary, the establishing of high resolution sequence stratigraphy framework, the analyzing of sedimentary system. And by comparing the characteristics of each sequence unit and sedimentary system, the relationship between sediment, sequence and structure activity are summarized. The methods are "point—line—plane—evolvement" and "structure activity—sediment, sequence".
    The geology setting of Yanqi basin is introduced in the second chapter. Yanqi basin is located on the Kuluke fold belt and south Tianshan fold belt in geological setting. And it is located among the Tarim, Junggar and Turpan-hami basin in geographical setting. Yanqi basin is an intermontane basin. There is Huola mountain in the west, Kezile and Tongkuang mountain in the east, south Tanshan mountain in the north and Kuluke mountain in the south of the basin. There is a tectonic framework of "depression-uplift-depression" in basin. From north to south, they are Hejing depression, Yanqi uplift and Bohu depression. Its evolvement includes several phases. Mesozoic: foreland basin in Triassic, depression basin(extension) in Jurassic. Denudating in Cretaceous;
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