高性能变频调速系统若干关键技术问题研究
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摘要
论文的研究工作围绕高性能变频调速系统的若干关键技术问题——无速度传感器控制及效率优化控制展开。
阐述了交流调速技术的发展史及发展趋势，重点对其中的无速度传感器控制技术、效率优化控制技术的发展状况分别进行了回顾与展望。
由于现有各种仿真软件提供的异步电机仿真模型均为理想模型，不能满足本论文的研究需要。因此在MATLAB环境下为以后的研究专门建立了考虑非理想因素的仿真模型，包括可以模拟电机参数变化以及考虑铁损的异步电机Simulink子系统模型、M文件S函数模型、C MEX文件S函数模型。通过这样的探讨得到了更为逼近真实电机行为特性的异步电机高效仿真模型。
探索了能否通过降阶的方法在保证转速估计精度的前提下减小EKF的计算量这一问题，推导了异步电机的降阶EKF转速估计算法，提出了处理信号微分运算的方法。通过仿真及实验对比，得到了相关结论。
探索了新型卡尔曼滤波器进化算法——无轨迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF—Unscented Kalman Filter)、平方根无轨迹卡尔曼滤波器(SRUKF—Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter)在异步电机的转速估计问题上的应用。回答了引入UKF、SRUKF是否能获得明显优于EKF的估计性能这一问题。通过仿真及实验对比，分析了采样周期以及滤波器参数对UKF、SRUKF及EKF估计性能的影响，从静态误差、动态响应速度、对电机参数灵敏度、对噪声灵敏度、方法复杂度、计算量等各个方面将UKF、SRUKF与EKF进行了全面的比较，得到了相关结论。
针对如何不增加硬件成本在VVVF通用变频器产品上实现节能控制这一问题，根据VVVF通用变频器的软、硬件资源情况选择了模糊搜索节能控制方法。在原有的通用变频器硬件平台上实现了所设计的节能控制方案。
The work in the dissertation centered on some key technologies of high performance variable frequency adjustable speed drives, i.e. sensorless control and efficiency optimization control.
The phylogeny and the trend of ac speed adjustment technology were explained. It laid stress on the review and the prospect of the sensorless control technology and the efficiency optimization control technology.
Because all the simulation models of induction machines available now, which are provided by the various kind of simulation softwares, are ideal models. These models can not meet the need of the study. The simulation model considering the nonideality of the motors based on MATLAB were established specially, including Simulink subsystem models, M-file S-function models and C MEX-file S-function models taking iron loss and variable parameters into account. The proposed models provided a more accurate approximation to actual induction motors for many control problems of induction motor drives.
Whether the computational burden of the EKF can be reduced through reducing the order under the condition that the speed estimation accuracy is not decreased was explored. The algorithm of the reduced order EKF was developed and a method of processing signal differential was proposed. The conclusions were obtained via the comparison of the simulation results and the experimental results.
Speed estimation of induction machines based on the new members of the Kalman filter family — Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter (SRUKF) were discussed in depth. Answer the question whether the better speed estimation performance can be gotten if the UKF and the SRUKF were introduced. The effect of the sampling time and the parameters of the filter upon the speed estimation performances are analyzed, and the various aspects of the speed estimation performances of the filters, such as stationary error, dynamic response speed, parameter sensitivities and algorithm complexity are evaluated. Some conclusions were drawn.
Aiming at how to realize energy saving control on the VVVF general inerter products without increasing any hardware cost, a fuzzy efficiency optimizing control scheme was selected according to the hardware and the software resources of the inverters. Finally, the scheme was implemented on the platform of the original general inverters.
阐述了交流调速技术的发展史及发展趋势，重点对其中的无速度传感器控制技术、效率优化控制技术的发展状况分别进行了回顾与展望。
由于现有各种仿真软件提供的异步电机仿真模型均为理想模型，不能满足本论文的研究需要。因此在MATLAB环境下为以后的研究专门建立了考虑非理想因素的仿真模型，包括可以模拟电机参数变化以及考虑铁损的异步电机Simulink子系统模型、M文件S函数模型、C MEX文件S函数模型。通过这样的探讨得到了更为逼近真实电机行为特性的异步电机高效仿真模型。
探索了能否通过降阶的方法在保证转速估计精度的前提下减小EKF的计算量这一问题，推导了异步电机的降阶EKF转速估计算法，提出了处理信号微分运算的方法。通过仿真及实验对比，得到了相关结论。
探索了新型卡尔曼滤波器进化算法——无轨迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF—Unscented Kalman Filter)、平方根无轨迹卡尔曼滤波器(SRUKF—Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter)在异步电机的转速估计问题上的应用。回答了引入UKF、SRUKF是否能获得明显优于EKF的估计性能这一问题。通过仿真及实验对比，分析了采样周期以及滤波器参数对UKF、SRUKF及EKF估计性能的影响，从静态误差、动态响应速度、对电机参数灵敏度、对噪声灵敏度、方法复杂度、计算量等各个方面将UKF、SRUKF与EKF进行了全面的比较，得到了相关结论。
针对如何不增加硬件成本在VVVF通用变频器产品上实现节能控制这一问题，根据VVVF通用变频器的软、硬件资源情况选择了模糊搜索节能控制方法。在原有的通用变频器硬件平台上实现了所设计的节能控制方案。
The work in the dissertation centered on some key technologies of high performance variable frequency adjustable speed drives, i.e. sensorless control and efficiency optimization control.
The phylogeny and the trend of ac speed adjustment technology were explained. It laid stress on the review and the prospect of the sensorless control technology and the efficiency optimization control technology.
Because all the simulation models of induction machines available now, which are provided by the various kind of simulation softwares, are ideal models. These models can not meet the need of the study. The simulation model considering the nonideality of the motors based on MATLAB were established specially, including Simulink subsystem models, M-file S-function models and C MEX-file S-function models taking iron loss and variable parameters into account. The proposed models provided a more accurate approximation to actual induction motors for many control problems of induction motor drives.
Whether the computational burden of the EKF can be reduced through reducing the order under the condition that the speed estimation accuracy is not decreased was explored. The algorithm of the reduced order EKF was developed and a method of processing signal differential was proposed. The conclusions were obtained via the comparison of the simulation results and the experimental results.
Speed estimation of induction machines based on the new members of the Kalman filter family — Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter (SRUKF) were discussed in depth. Answer the question whether the better speed estimation performance can be gotten if the UKF and the SRUKF were introduced. The effect of the sampling time and the parameters of the filter upon the speed estimation performances are analyzed, and the various aspects of the speed estimation performances of the filters, such as stationary error, dynamic response speed, parameter sensitivities and algorithm complexity are evaluated. Some conclusions were drawn.
Aiming at how to realize energy saving control on the VVVF general inerter products without increasing any hardware cost, a fuzzy efficiency optimizing control scheme was selected according to the hardware and the software resources of the inverters. Finally, the scheme was implemented on the platform of the original general inverters.
引文
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