近岸波生流三维数值模拟
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摘要
外海波浪传播到近岸区域,由于水深变浅,波浪发生浅水变形,波高逐渐增大直至破碎,引起强烈的水流紊动、掺混以及各种近岸流系,并产生诸多工程问题。
本文将三维辐射应力项和破波产生的水滚切应力项引入三维浅水方程中,同时在紊动源项中考虑波浪破碎效应以及底摩阻项中考虑波流共存的影响,以FVM-OSHER模型为基础建立三维近岸波生流模型,模拟了底部回流和沿岸流现象,并与实测值进行对比。数值模型计算所得到的结果与实测值基本一致。
本文分析了紊动源项中考虑破波效应以及引入水滚切应力项对底部回流的影响,结果表明,考虑破波效应和水滚切应力后,计算得到的流速值与实测值更为接近;探讨了底部糙率对底部回流的影响,并给出建议取值范围。
As wave propagates to the shallow water, wave heights will increase due to shoaling. Then wave breaking will occur as the wave steepness is too large, accompanied by strong turbulence and mixing which will induce the nearshore currents and engineering problems.
In this paper, a new 3D nearshore wave-induced current model is established on the basis of the FVM-OSHER model and by introducing the 3D radiation stress terms and the shear stress terms induced by surface rollers into the 3D shallow water equation. Turbulence due to wave breaking and wave-current co-existing bottom friction effect are also considered in the model. The undertow and longshore current have been simulated with the new model, and the numerical results agree with the experimental data.
The effect of the turbulence production due to wave breaking and the shear stress induced by surface rollers to the vertical profile of the undertow have been analyzed. It is shown that the numerical results are closer to the experimental data after these two terms are introduced to the model. The effect of roughness coefficient has been analyzed and the range of roughness coefficient for the computational case has been suggested.
本文将三维辐射应力项和破波产生的水滚切应力项引入三维浅水方程中,同时在紊动源项中考虑波浪破碎效应以及底摩阻项中考虑波流共存的影响,以FVM-OSHER模型为基础建立三维近岸波生流模型,模拟了底部回流和沿岸流现象,并与实测值进行对比。数值模型计算所得到的结果与实测值基本一致。
本文分析了紊动源项中考虑破波效应以及引入水滚切应力项对底部回流的影响,结果表明,考虑破波效应和水滚切应力后,计算得到的流速值与实测值更为接近;探讨了底部糙率对底部回流的影响,并给出建议取值范围。
As wave propagates to the shallow water, wave heights will increase due to shoaling. Then wave breaking will occur as the wave steepness is too large, accompanied by strong turbulence and mixing which will induce the nearshore currents and engineering problems.
In this paper, a new 3D nearshore wave-induced current model is established on the basis of the FVM-OSHER model and by introducing the 3D radiation stress terms and the shear stress terms induced by surface rollers into the 3D shallow water equation. Turbulence due to wave breaking and wave-current co-existing bottom friction effect are also considered in the model. The undertow and longshore current have been simulated with the new model, and the numerical results agree with the experimental data.
The effect of the turbulence production due to wave breaking and the shear stress induced by surface rollers to the vertical profile of the undertow have been analyzed. It is shown that the numerical results are closer to the experimental data after these two terms are introduced to the model. The effect of roughness coefficient has been analyzed and the range of roughness coefficient for the computational case has been suggested.
引文
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[42]Mingxiao Xie. Establishment, validiation and discussion of a three dimensional current wave-induce model, Ocean Modelling, 2011, 38: 230～243
[43]Nobuoka H., Mimura N., Kato H.. Three-dimensional nearshore currents model based on vertical distribution of radiation stress. In: Proc. 26th Int. Coast. Eng. Conf. ASCE, 1998:829~842
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[48]Zhang Dan. Numerical Simulation of large-scale wave and currents:[Master. Degree Thesis], Singapore ; National University of Singapore , 2004
[49]解鸣晓,波流耦合下淤泥质海岸水沙运动三维模拟研究:[博士学位论文],南京;河海大学,2010
[50]谢媛媛,近岸区波流耦合下三维水流模型及在悬浮物质运动中的应用:[硕士学位论文],青岛;中国海洋大学,2008
[51]Agnieszka Herman. Three-dimensional structure of wave-induced momentum flux in irrotational waves in combined shoaling-refraction conditions. Coastal Engineering , 2006, 53;545～555
[52]吴相忠,近岸流的三维数值模拟研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[53]Svendsen I.A., Madsen P.A.. A turbulent bore on a beach. J. Fluid Mech..1984,148: 73~96
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[2]SEYMOUR R.J., CABLE C.C. The nearshore sediment transport study field investigations. In: Proc. 17th Conf. Coastal Eng. 1980, 529~562
[3]L.D Wright, R.T Guza, A.D Short. Dynamics of a high-energy dissipative surf zone. Marine Geology, 1982, 45: 41~62
[4]Alison L. Roger, Thomas M. Ravens. Measurement of longshore sediment transport rates in the Surf Zone on Galveston Island, Texas. Journal of Coastal Research, 2008, ():62~73
[5]Nelko. V, Darrymple R.A. Rip currents: mechanisms and observations. In: Proceedings of the 31th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Singapore, 2008, 888~900
[6]GALVIN C.J., EAGLESON P.S. Experimental study of longshore currents on a plane beach. Tech. Mem., 1965,10: 60
[7]P.J Visser. Laboratory measurements of uniform longshore currents. Coastal Engineering,1991,15:563~593
[8]Francis C.K Ting,James T. Kirby. Oberservation of undertow and turbulence in a laboratory surf zone. Coastal Engineering, 1994, 24: 51~80
[9]Borthwick A.G.L., Foote Y.L.M. Nearshore measurements at a cusped beach in the UK Coastal research Facility. Coastal Dynamics’97, Plymouth, 1997, 953~962
[10]PEREGRINE D H. Calculations of the development of an nodular bore. J Fluid Mech, 1966, 25: 321~331
[11]Karambas T V, Koutitas C. Abreking wave propagation model based on the Boussinesq equations. Coastal Engineering, 1992, 18(1,2):1~19
[12]Sato S, Kabiling M. Numerical calculation of three dimensional bed deformation on basis of Boussinesq equations, JSCE. In: Proceedings of Conference on Coastal Engineering. Tokyo, 1993, 386~390
[13]李绍武,柴山知也,近岸区人工岛周围波生流系统数学模型验证,天津大学学报,1998, 31:582~587
[14]李绍武,连怡贞,完全非线性波浪破碎模型沿岸流数值模拟,海洋工程,2007,25(3):46～52
[15]Kobayashi N, Poff MT. Numerical model RBREAK2 for random waves on impermeable coastal structures and beaches. 1994: 155
[16]Asano T. Swash motion due to obliquely incident waves. In: Proceedings of the 24th coastal engineering conference, ASCE, Kobe, Japan, 1994: 27～41
[17]Pengzhi Lin, Li C.W. Aσ-coordinate three-dimensional numerical model for surface wave propagation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2002, 38:1045～1068
[18]Casulli V., Stelling G.S. Numerical Simulation of 3D Quasi-Hydrostatic, Free- Surface Flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1998, 124: 678～686
[19]Smagorinsky J.S. General Circulation experiments with the primitive equations-I,the basic experiment. Monthly Weather Review, 1963, 91:99~164
[20]Mellor G.l, Yamada T. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Review of geophysics and space physics, 1982, 20(4): 851-875
[21]张弛,王义刚,郑金海,波生流垂向结构研究综述,水科学进展,2009,20(5):739～746
[22]温生辉,陈季良,厦门附近海域潮流场的数值模拟,海洋学报,1996,18(2):15~25
[23]Changsheng Chen, Hedong Liu. An unstructured grid, Finite-Volume, Three-Dimensionalm Primitive Equations Ocean Model: Application to Coastal Ocean and Estuaries. Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology, 2003, 20: 159~186
[24]陶建峰,河口、海岸三维斜压水流数值模式研究:[博士学位论文],南京;河海大学,2006
[25]Patrick J. Luyten, John Eric Jones, Roger Proctor, et al. COHERENS User Documentation. 1999
[26]HydroQual, Inc. A Primer for ECOMSED. 2002
[27]Liu Hao. Numerical Simulation and tidal currents in Liaodong Bay with POM. Progress in Natural Science, 2005, 15(1): 47~55
[28]Hallberg R.W. Stable split time stepping schemes for large-scale ocean modeling,Journal of Computational Physics, 1997, 135: 54～65
[29]Casulli V.. Semi-implicit finite-difference methods for the two-dimensional shallow water equations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1974, 4: 507～523
[30]吴相忠,考虑垂向三维辐射应力的三维水流模型:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005
[31]李绍武,卢丽锋,时钟,河口准三维涌潮数学模型研究,水动力学研究与进展,2004,A19(4):407~415
[32]李绍武,郑建军,回流区水流运动二维数值模拟,港工技术,2004,4:8~10
[33]郑建军,非结构三角形网格下三维浅水流动的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2006
[34]王建军,一种有限体积法三维水流悬沙数学模型研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2007
[35]黄泰坤,波、流共同作用下三维泥沙运动数值模型研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2007
[36]杨学斌,波、流联合作用下二维水流、泥沙数学模型研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2008
[37]白志刚,张志显,陈志春,准三维波生近岸流数学模型在裂流研究中的应用,水运工程,2007年3月,第三期,总四百期,pp;12-17
[38]Jin-Hai Zheng, Chen-Ming Zhang, Hajime Mase. Incorporation of Surface Rollers in Modeling Wave–driven Coastal Currents. Chinese-German Joint Symposium on Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, 2008
[39]John C. Warner, Christopher R. Sherwood, Richard P. Signell, et al. Development of a three-dimensional, regional, coupled wave, current, and sediment-transport model. Computer & Geosciences, 2008, 34: 1284～1306
[40]R. Bakhtyar, D.A. Barry, A. Yeganeh-Bakhtiary et al. Numerical simulation of surf-swash zone motions and turbulent flow. Advances in Water Resources, 2009, 32: 250-263
[41]ZHANG Jing, LIANG Bing-chen, LI Hua-jun. Numerical simulation of wave-induced current with vertically varied radiation stress. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2010, 22(2): 254～259
[42]Mingxiao Xie. Establishment, validiation and discussion of a three dimensional current wave-induce model, Ocean Modelling, 2011, 38: 230～243
[43]Nobuoka H., Mimura N., Kato H.. Three-dimensional nearshore currents model based on vertical distribution of radiation stress. In: Proc. 26th Int. Coast. Eng. Conf. ASCE, 1998:829~842
[44]Nobuoka H., Mimura N.. Nearshore current model focusing on the effect of sloping bottom on radiation stresses. In: Proc. 28th Int. Coast. Eng. Conf. ASCE, 2002:836~848
[45]郑金海,严以新,彭世银,波浪剩余动量流垂向分布研究,河海大学学报,2000,28:8～13
[46]George Mellor. The three-dimensional current and surface wave equations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2003, 33: 1978~1989
[47]Huayong Xia, Zongwan Xia, Liangsheng Zhu. Vertical variation in radiation stress and wave-induced current. Coastal Engineering, 2004, 51: 309~321
[48]Zhang Dan. Numerical Simulation of large-scale wave and currents:[Master. Degree Thesis], Singapore ; National University of Singapore , 2004
[49]解鸣晓,波流耦合下淤泥质海岸水沙运动三维模拟研究:[博士学位论文],南京;河海大学,2010
[50]谢媛媛,近岸区波流耦合下三维水流模型及在悬浮物质运动中的应用:[硕士学位论文],青岛;中国海洋大学,2008
[51]Agnieszka Herman. Three-dimensional structure of wave-induced momentum flux in irrotational waves in combined shoaling-refraction conditions. Coastal Engineering , 2006, 53;545～555
[52]吴相忠,近岸流的三维数值模拟研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2010
[53]Svendsen I.A., Madsen P.A.. A turbulent bore on a beach. J. Fluid Mech..1984,148: 73~96
[54]Jorgen Fredsoe, Rolf Deigaard. Mechanics of coastal sediment transport, Singapore: World Scitific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, 94~189
[55]Engelund F. A simple theory of weak hydraulic jumps. In: Prog. Rep. 54, Inst. of Hydrodyn. and Hydraul. Eng. (ISVA).Tech. Univ of Denmark, Horsholm, 1981, 29~32
[56]Schaffer H.A, Madsen P.A, Deigaard R. A Boussinesq model for waves breaking in shallow water. Coastal Engineering, 20: 285~302
[57]Dally W.R., Brown C.A.. A modeling investigation of the breaking wave roller with application to cross-shore currents. J. Geophys. Res., 1995, 100 (C12): 24873~24883
[58]Tajima Y., Madsen O.S. Shoaling, breaking and broken wave characteristic. In: Proc. 28th Conf. World Scientific, Cardif, Wales, 2002, 222~234
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