聚乙烯粉体输送系统静电危险性分析及安全防护
摘要
聚乙烯粉体在运输、储存过程中,会产生大量静电,而带电粉末在输送和存储中极易因静电放电,特别在料仓中随着料位的增高放电的能量也随之增加,从而引燃粉尘而发生爆炸和燃烧(粉尘由于起电特点,自身还是点火源),给企业的安全生产带来极大的危害。
本课题针对辽阳石化聚乙烯装置的具体情况,结合粉体输送及储存过程中易产生静电引起闪爆的实际问题,对辽阳石化聚乙烯装置工艺、操作条件、产品组成和设备结构进行深入研究和探讨。针对辽化聚乙烯装置粉料输送系统和储存系统进行安全论证。通过模拟装置的实验和在聚乙烯装置进行现场测试,考察了粉料输送系统、粉料仓在正常生产过程和模拟装置实验过程中产生的静电、电场强度、可燃气体含量等情况,对流化床、输送管线和粉料仓内的电场强度进行了计算,并对其危险性进行了理论和实际分析,有针对性地提出粉体输送及储存过程中消除静电的措施。针对输送管道内的粉体静电提出管道内不得有毛刺、突出物；输送管线必须接地,输送系统的各种法兰、阀门必须进行接地跨接。针对料仓的粉体静电提出安装离子风静电消除器,采用大料仓分割法把大料仓分割成小料仓,消除料仓内的接地金属尖端放电现象,采用防静电的料位报警器,料仓进料过程中不准停止引风机等措施杜绝装置生产过程中因静电而引起的闪爆现象,同时为聚乙烯装置设计提供相关技术支持和理论依据。
Polyethylene powder in the transport or storage process, will produce a large number of static.The charged powder in the transport and storage vulnerable to electrostatic discharge, especially in the silo discharge with the increase of material level also increases the energy to ignition and combustion of dust explosion (dust electrification as characteristics of their own, or ignition source), to bring great safety in production enterprises hazards.
This topic specific Liaoyang Petrochemical polyethylene unit, and combined with powder transportation and storage process is easy to produce real steam explosion caused by static electricity problem, Liaoyang Petrochemical polyethylene plant processes, operating conditions, product composition and device structure for further research and Discussion. Liaoyang petrochiemical polyethylene device for powder delivery system and storage system safety demonstration. Experimental and simulated devices in field trials in the polyethylene unit investigated powder delivery system, powder position in the normal production process and the simulation device static electricity generated during the experiment, the electric field strength, flammable gases, etc., of the bed, pipelines and electric field strength within the power house were calculated, and the risk of a theoretical and practical analysis, puts forward the process of powder transport and storage measures to eliminate static electricity. Powder for electrostatic pipeline proposed within the pipe shall not have burrs, protrusions; pipeline must be grounded, a variety of delivery systems flanges, valves must be grounded jumper. Made for the installation of electrostatic powder hopper ion wind static eliminator, segmentation method using a large bin to a large hopper into small silos, eliminating silos within grounded metal point discharge phenomenon, the use of anti-static material level alarm, hopper feed process and other measures are not allowed to stop drawing fan device manufacturing process to eliminate static electricity caused by the phenomenon of steam explosion, while for the polyethylene unit designed to provide related technical support and theoretical basis.
本课题针对辽阳石化聚乙烯装置的具体情况,结合粉体输送及储存过程中易产生静电引起闪爆的实际问题,对辽阳石化聚乙烯装置工艺、操作条件、产品组成和设备结构进行深入研究和探讨。针对辽化聚乙烯装置粉料输送系统和储存系统进行安全论证。通过模拟装置的实验和在聚乙烯装置进行现场测试,考察了粉料输送系统、粉料仓在正常生产过程和模拟装置实验过程中产生的静电、电场强度、可燃气体含量等情况,对流化床、输送管线和粉料仓内的电场强度进行了计算,并对其危险性进行了理论和实际分析,有针对性地提出粉体输送及储存过程中消除静电的措施。针对输送管道内的粉体静电提出管道内不得有毛刺、突出物；输送管线必须接地,输送系统的各种法兰、阀门必须进行接地跨接。针对料仓的粉体静电提出安装离子风静电消除器,采用大料仓分割法把大料仓分割成小料仓,消除料仓内的接地金属尖端放电现象,采用防静电的料位报警器,料仓进料过程中不准停止引风机等措施杜绝装置生产过程中因静电而引起的闪爆现象,同时为聚乙烯装置设计提供相关技术支持和理论依据。
Polyethylene powder in the transport or storage process, will produce a large number of static.The charged powder in the transport and storage vulnerable to electrostatic discharge, especially in the silo discharge with the increase of material level also increases the energy to ignition and combustion of dust explosion (dust electrification as characteristics of their own, or ignition source), to bring great safety in production enterprises hazards.
This topic specific Liaoyang Petrochemical polyethylene unit, and combined with powder transportation and storage process is easy to produce real steam explosion caused by static electricity problem, Liaoyang Petrochemical polyethylene plant processes, operating conditions, product composition and device structure for further research and Discussion. Liaoyang petrochiemical polyethylene device for powder delivery system and storage system safety demonstration. Experimental and simulated devices in field trials in the polyethylene unit investigated powder delivery system, powder position in the normal production process and the simulation device static electricity generated during the experiment, the electric field strength, flammable gases, etc., of the bed, pipelines and electric field strength within the power house were calculated, and the risk of a theoretical and practical analysis, puts forward the process of powder transport and storage measures to eliminate static electricity. Powder for electrostatic pipeline proposed within the pipe shall not have burrs, protrusions; pipeline must be grounded, a variety of delivery systems flanges, valves must be grounded jumper. Made for the installation of electrostatic powder hopper ion wind static eliminator, segmentation method using a large bin to a large hopper into small silos, eliminating silos within grounded metal point discharge phenomenon, the use of anti-static material level alarm, hopper feed process and other measures are not allowed to stop drawing fan device manufacturing process to eliminate static electricity caused by the phenomenon of steam explosion, while for the polyethylene unit designed to provide related technical support and theoretical basis.
引文
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[39]Jones T B. Chan S[J]. Electrostatics,1989,22:185-197.
[40]刘义,赵东风,路帅等.可燃性气体对PE粉体静电放电点火的影响[J].合成树脂及塑料,2008,25(1)：20-22.
[41]姜平,王崇明,王苗等,HDPE装置新线粉料输送系统的技术改造[J].合成树脂及塑料,2007,24(4)：46-48.
[42]Boor J. Ziegler-Natta catalysts and polymerization[M]. New York:Academic Press Inc,1979, 627-663.
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[58]姜平,王崇明,王喆等HDPE装置新线粉料输送系统的技术改造[J].合成树脂及塑料,2007,24(4)：46-48.
[59]顾振宗.高压低密度聚乙烯颗粒输送系统爆炸原因及预防对策的研究[J].工业安全与防尘,1994,5(9)：11-12.
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[2]赵庆龙,沈宝恒LDPE装置分析仓着火的原因及预防[J].合成树脂及塑料,1996,13：30-34.
[3]庞宏伟LLDPE装置粉料输送系统安全性论证[J].炼油与化工,2004,15(4)：4-7.
[4]庞宏伟LLDPE装置粉料输送系统安全性论证[J].合成树脂及塑料,2004,21(6)：36-39.
[5]方华灿.海洋深水双梯度钻井用水下装备[J].石油矿场机械,2008,37(11)：1-5.
[6]卢玉坤.高压聚乙烯料仓的安全隐患分析及改进措施[J].齐鲁石油化工,2005,33(2)：113-115.
[7]马祖健,吴俊禄.高压聚乙烯装置的危险性预分析[J].金山油化纤,1997,(1)：43-47.
[8]谭凤贵.近期聚烯烃料仓粉尘爆炸的分析与对策[J].石油化工安全环保技术,2008,24(6)：48-50.
[9]谭凤贵.聚烯烃粉尘爆炸的危险分析与对策建议[J].石油化工安全环保技术,2005,21(6)：21-24.
[10]罗宏昌,熊继嘏.聚乙烯粉粒产品贮槽闪爆事故分析[J].交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,1990,13(1)：28-35.
[11]王忠.聚乙烯料仓爆燃事故原因认定[J].消防科技,1997,15(4)：38-39.
[12]邓哲文.聚乙烯颗粒料仓爆炸原因及有效预防措施[J].甘肃科技,2005,21(3)：119,121.
[13]胜喜梅,李贵生.聚乙烯装置静电原因分析及预防[J].河南化工,2000,19(7)：36-37.
[14]GB12158—1990.防止静电事故通用导则.
[15]惠中玉.工业企业防火工程[M].警官教育出版社,1998：10-50.
[16]黄郑华.高压聚乙烯生产工艺防火[J].化工劳动保护,1997.4,22-25.
[17]北京石油化工总厂.高压法聚乙烯[M].化学工业出版社.1979.
[18]孙可平.粉体静电学国内外研究动态与进展[J].物理,2000,29(6)：364-368.
[19]Kuetler A and Glor M. Modelling of the electric field with polymeric granules[J]. Electrostatics, 1993,30:285-296.
[20]Jones T B and Chan S. Charge relaxation in partially filled vessels [J]. Eiectrostaics 1959,22:185-197.
[21]Pazda R J. Jones T. B and Matsubara Y. General theory lor translent charge relaxation in a partcully filled vessels[J]. Electrostaics,1994,32:215-931.
[22]GLOR M, LUTTGENS G, MAURER B, et al. Discharges from bulkedpolymeric granules during the filling of siloscharacterization by measurements and influencing factors[J]. Journal of Electrostatics,1989,23(1):35-43.
[23]GLOR M. Ignition hazard due to static electricity in particulate processes[J]. Powder Technology,2003,135/136(1):223-233.
[24]GLOR M, Schwerrfeuer K. Direct ignition tests with brush discharges [J]. Journal of Electrostatics,2005,63(6/10):463-468.
[25]庞宏伟LLDPE装置粉料输送系统安全性论证证[J].合成树脂及塑料,2004,21(6)：36-39.
[26]高玲,周晖.典型静电放电火花点燃能力测试研究[J].物理实验,2004,24(10)：33-40.
[27]周本谋,范宝春,刘尚合等.典型静电放电火花点燃危险性评价方法研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(4)：27-32.
[28]罗宏昌.粉尘爆炸及“杂混合物”对其特性的影响[J].交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,2000,23(1)：21-26.
[29]王伟标,南秋玲,郑世武等..本体法聚丙烯静电防止措施探析[J].安全、环境和健康,2001,1(24)：5-6.
[30]刘建平,王成端等.超细粉体静电切向分级研究[J].中国粉体技术,2003,9(4)：32-33.
[31]A. G. BaiLey.聚乙烯粉体风送过程中的静电特点,IEEE,1982.
[32]宗德福HDPE装置危险性分析与防灾对策[J].石油化工技术经济,1994,(4)：77-78.
[33]Jones T B, King J L. Powder handling and electrostatics[J]. Michigan:Lewis Publishers, 1991.
[34]Schwengfeuer K. Glor M[J]. EIectrostatice.1993.30:115-122.
[35]CROWL D A, LOUVARJF化工过程安全理论及应用[M].蒋军成,潘旭海,译.北京：化学工业出版社,2006：187-190.
[36]WILSON N, LUTTGENS G. Electrostatic hazards[M]. Oxford:Buttenuorth Heinemann, 1997:39-57.
[37]GIor M. Mauer B[J]. Electrostatics,1993,30:123-134.
[38]Kuttler A. GIor M[J]. Electrostatics,1993,30:285-295.
[39]Jones T B. Chan S[J]. Electrostatics,1989,22:185-197.
[40]刘义,赵东风,路帅等.可燃性气体对PE粉体静电放电点火的影响[J].合成树脂及塑料,2008,25(1)：20-22.
[41]姜平,王崇明,王苗等,HDPE装置新线粉料输送系统的技术改造[J].合成树脂及塑料,2007,24(4)：46-48.
[42]Boor J. Ziegler-Natta catalysts and polymerization[M]. New York:Academic Press Inc,1979, 627-663.
[43]Mehranl P, et al. Electrostatic charge generation in gassolid fluidized beds[J]. Journal of electrostatics,2005,63:165-173.
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