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信用风险度量中财务指标的选择
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摘要
信用风险的度量是信用风险管理的难题之一,本硕士论文将信用风险的测度转化为企业财务状况的衡量问题,通过若干财务指标的组合计算债务人不能按期偿还债务的可能性,即违约率。
     文中重点介绍了基于期权定价理论违约率模型的推导过程;并以16家有违约记录的ST公司和16家相同行业的上证180样本股作对比,通过截面比较和时间序列比较,分析检验了该模型在中国的适用性。结果表明,基于期权定价理论的违约率模型不但能够有力的识别违约公司和非违约公司,而且可以提前1.5年反映公司的违约状况,具有较好的预测能力。
     随后,利用该期权定价理论违约率模型计算出45家ST公司的违约率,结合国内外有关财务预警研究成果,收集37个相关财务指标,运用逐步回归法,通过剔除异常值、处理自相关、诊断共线性、检验异方差,建立有效回归方程。
     回归方程表明,违约率与以下9个财务指标的组合密切相关:净资产收益率、资产负债率、总资产周转率、毛利率、资产规模(资产总额对数)、现金比率(现金类资产/流动负债)、债务结构(短债总额/债务总额)、日销现比(现金与有价证券/日销售额)、资产质量(应收账款/资产总额)。
How to measure credit risk is one of the tough topics in credit risk management. This dissertation solves the problem by measuring financial position, which is shown by financial index, to compute default ratio.
    First, the process of default ratio model based on option-pricing theory was detailedly deduced and its applicability in China was analyzed and tested by taking the finances of sixteen ST companies with default-record and the same amounts of 180 sample stocks listed in SSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange) in the same vocations as an example, and using the methods of cross-section comparison and time series comparison. By means of such default ratio model, not only default companies and credit companies can be recognized successfully, but also default action can be predicted one and a half years in advance.
    Then, the default ratios of 45 ST-companies are computed and 37 potential financial index are selected referred by researches on financial distress at home and abroad. Finally, the equation of default ratio is produced by stepwise regression, and three of the basic problems in linear regression are considered well, that is case-wise diagnostics and auto-correlated errors, as well as collinear relationship and teteroskedastisity.
    The equation shows that 9 finance index have important relationship with default ratio, they are ROE, Debt Ratio, Asset Turnover Ratio, Gross Profit Ratio, Scale of Assets, Currency Ratio ([Currency+Marketable Securities]/Current Liability), Debt Structure (Current Liability/ Total Debts), Currency/daily Revenues and Quality of Assets (Accounts Receivable/Total Assets).
引文
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