市场机制下输电规划方法研究与投资分析
|
摘要
引入竞争机制、走向市场化已成为世界范围内电力工业发展的大趋势。市场机制下发电和输电的分离使得输电网络面临外部环境的巨大变革,传统的规划方法、模型和分析理论已经不再适用,研究市场机制下的输电规划方法和投资理论具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。本文以电力市场改革为背景,研究市场机制下的输电优化规划方法与理论以及输电投资相关理论。主要研究内容如下:
本文将市场环境下的电网规划问题分为非确定型电网规划、厂网协调规划以及多阶段规划三方面。在非确定型电网规划研究中,提出了基于改进情景分析的规划方法、基于盲数运算的规划方法和基于多代理系统协商与拍卖机制的规划方法,定义了主体扩展线路和可变扩展线路两类线路;在电源与网架协调规划的研究中提出协调规划模式,并提出了基于两阶段规划技术和决策技术的求解算法;在多阶段电网规划的研究中,首次提出了基于实验经济学的长期规划实验框架。
实际网络规划问题是多个规划问题的组合,规划结果应是满足所有规划目标的线路集合,任何单一的规划方法和模型都是无法满足要求的。智能工程是将一般的智能方法综合的理论体系,本文将智能工程应用于输电系统规划问题中,首次提出了智能工程优化论、α-优化解、比较定理、α-优化解定理以及智能工程代数学,定义了两类智能工程优化算子,并给出其运算性质。
输电投资激励机制对于输电容量的充裕性有很大的影响,本文分析了输电投资机制中基于管制和基于市场的两种激励模式;提出了输电最优投资水平;针对广泛存在的联合投资,应用合作博弈理论中核仁的解法和多代理系统提出沉没成本回收和分摊算法,解决了分配方案不存在最优解或存在多个解的问题。
输电定价属于投资激励研究的范畴,本文将输电电价分为两部分进行研究。在区域输电电价理论的研究中,以节点电价的平均值作为区域电价,并以两子系统网络进行了供需平衡和不平衡两种情况的分析。在基于边际成本定价方法的研究中,含有丰富经济信息的长期边际成本法可以激励电网投资和回收投资成本,本文提出了基于拉格朗日乘子的边际电价模型。
特高压输电的经济性评价是目前我国输电网络规划研究的热点。本文将特高压输电方案与其它远距离能源输送方式,即运煤和输气方式,进行经济性比较。基于我国的能源运输的实际情况,采用技术经济的方法分别从资源使用效率、可比发电成本以及外部成本三方面进行研究。
Introducing the competition and push market-oriented deregulation are the tendency of the electric power sector all over the world. In the electricity market, the transmission sector faces some great changes in the environment because the generation and transmission sectors are divided into two independent departments. So the traditional transmission planning methodology, model and analysis theory are not suitable for the market condition. It is of great significance for theory and practice research on the transmission planning methodology and investment theory. This dissertation focuses on the research on the transmission optimization planning methodology, theory and transmission investment theory. The main contents are as fellows:
The transmission planning problem in the environment of deregulation is divided into three aspects: the uncertain transmission planning, generation/transmission harmonious expansion planning and multi-periods transmission planning. The improved scene analysis method, unascertained number based transmission planning method and Multi-Agent System negotiation and auction based transmission planning method are proposed in the research on uncertain transmission planning. The definitions of two expand transmission lines, which are the core expand transmission line and variational expand transmission line, are defined. The harmonious expansion planning model is proposed to conform the generation and transmission expansion planning and the resolving method is based on two-periods planning and decision technology. The experience framework based on Experimental Economics is designed for the first time in the research on multi-periods transmission planning.
The actual transmission planning is the synthesis of all the individual planning and the planning results should be the transmission lines sets which can satisfy all the planning objects. So any single transmission planning method or model is not accurate. The Intelligent Engineering is a theory framework which integrates general intelligent methods. The dissertation introduces the Intelligent Engineering in the transmission planning and proposed the concepts of Intelligent optimization theory,α-optimized solution, comparison theory,α-optimized solution theory, and intelligent engineering algebra, moreover two intelligent operators and their operation quality are defined for the first time.
The transmission investment encouragement mechanism has considerable effect onthe transmission capacity. Two transmission investment encouragement mechanisms, controlled based and market based, are analysed in the dissertation. And the optimum transmission investment lever is proposed. The arithmetic based on the nucleolus solution in cooperation game theory and Multi-Agent System is proposed to figure out the sunk cost recovery and allocation in the cooperation investment, consequently the problems that there are no optimum result or multi results are solved.
The transmission price belongs to the investment encouragement scheme and can be divided into two parts to investigate. In the research of the regional transmission price, the transmission charge should be based on the average of the node price in the region. The transmission network between two regions is taken as an example to analysis the situation of balance and unbalance between electric power demand and supply. In the research on the margin cost pricing, the long term margin cost pricing, which have plentiful economic information, can encourage the investment on the transmission sector and recover the sunk cost. The margin cost pricing model based on the Lagrange operators is proposed in the dissertation.
The economy of the Ultra High Voltage (UHV) transmission line is controversial in the transmission planning in our country now. The dissertation puts emphases on the economy comparison between UHV and other two substitute energy transmission manners, coal transportation and natural gas transportation, with the technology economics methodology. The research is based on the current energy transmission situation in our country through the comparison of the resource usage efficiency、fuel cost and exterior cost.
本文将市场环境下的电网规划问题分为非确定型电网规划、厂网协调规划以及多阶段规划三方面。在非确定型电网规划研究中,提出了基于改进情景分析的规划方法、基于盲数运算的规划方法和基于多代理系统协商与拍卖机制的规划方法,定义了主体扩展线路和可变扩展线路两类线路;在电源与网架协调规划的研究中提出协调规划模式,并提出了基于两阶段规划技术和决策技术的求解算法;在多阶段电网规划的研究中,首次提出了基于实验经济学的长期规划实验框架。
实际网络规划问题是多个规划问题的组合,规划结果应是满足所有规划目标的线路集合,任何单一的规划方法和模型都是无法满足要求的。智能工程是将一般的智能方法综合的理论体系,本文将智能工程应用于输电系统规划问题中,首次提出了智能工程优化论、α-优化解、比较定理、α-优化解定理以及智能工程代数学,定义了两类智能工程优化算子,并给出其运算性质。
输电投资激励机制对于输电容量的充裕性有很大的影响,本文分析了输电投资机制中基于管制和基于市场的两种激励模式;提出了输电最优投资水平;针对广泛存在的联合投资,应用合作博弈理论中核仁的解法和多代理系统提出沉没成本回收和分摊算法,解决了分配方案不存在最优解或存在多个解的问题。
输电定价属于投资激励研究的范畴,本文将输电电价分为两部分进行研究。在区域输电电价理论的研究中,以节点电价的平均值作为区域电价,并以两子系统网络进行了供需平衡和不平衡两种情况的分析。在基于边际成本定价方法的研究中,含有丰富经济信息的长期边际成本法可以激励电网投资和回收投资成本,本文提出了基于拉格朗日乘子的边际电价模型。
特高压输电的经济性评价是目前我国输电网络规划研究的热点。本文将特高压输电方案与其它远距离能源输送方式,即运煤和输气方式,进行经济性比较。基于我国的能源运输的实际情况,采用技术经济的方法分别从资源使用效率、可比发电成本以及外部成本三方面进行研究。
Introducing the competition and push market-oriented deregulation are the tendency of the electric power sector all over the world. In the electricity market, the transmission sector faces some great changes in the environment because the generation and transmission sectors are divided into two independent departments. So the traditional transmission planning methodology, model and analysis theory are not suitable for the market condition. It is of great significance for theory and practice research on the transmission planning methodology and investment theory. This dissertation focuses on the research on the transmission optimization planning methodology, theory and transmission investment theory. The main contents are as fellows:
The transmission planning problem in the environment of deregulation is divided into three aspects: the uncertain transmission planning, generation/transmission harmonious expansion planning and multi-periods transmission planning. The improved scene analysis method, unascertained number based transmission planning method and Multi-Agent System negotiation and auction based transmission planning method are proposed in the research on uncertain transmission planning. The definitions of two expand transmission lines, which are the core expand transmission line and variational expand transmission line, are defined. The harmonious expansion planning model is proposed to conform the generation and transmission expansion planning and the resolving method is based on two-periods planning and decision technology. The experience framework based on Experimental Economics is designed for the first time in the research on multi-periods transmission planning.
The actual transmission planning is the synthesis of all the individual planning and the planning results should be the transmission lines sets which can satisfy all the planning objects. So any single transmission planning method or model is not accurate. The Intelligent Engineering is a theory framework which integrates general intelligent methods. The dissertation introduces the Intelligent Engineering in the transmission planning and proposed the concepts of Intelligent optimization theory,α-optimized solution, comparison theory,α-optimized solution theory, and intelligent engineering algebra, moreover two intelligent operators and their operation quality are defined for the first time.
The transmission investment encouragement mechanism has considerable effect onthe transmission capacity. Two transmission investment encouragement mechanisms, controlled based and market based, are analysed in the dissertation. And the optimum transmission investment lever is proposed. The arithmetic based on the nucleolus solution in cooperation game theory and Multi-Agent System is proposed to figure out the sunk cost recovery and allocation in the cooperation investment, consequently the problems that there are no optimum result or multi results are solved.
The transmission price belongs to the investment encouragement scheme and can be divided into two parts to investigate. In the research of the regional transmission price, the transmission charge should be based on the average of the node price in the region. The transmission network between two regions is taken as an example to analysis the situation of balance and unbalance between electric power demand and supply. In the research on the margin cost pricing, the long term margin cost pricing, which have plentiful economic information, can encourage the investment on the transmission sector and recover the sunk cost. The margin cost pricing model based on the Lagrange operators is proposed in the dissertation.
The economy of the Ultra High Voltage (UHV) transmission line is controversial in the transmission planning in our country now. The dissertation puts emphases on the economy comparison between UHV and other two substitute energy transmission manners, coal transportation and natural gas transportation, with the technology economics methodology. The research is based on the current energy transmission situation in our country through the comparison of the resource usage efficiency、fuel cost and exterior cost.
引文
[1] Fiona Woolf. Global transmission expansion: recipes for sucess, New York USA: PennWell Corp, 2003
[2] A.K. David and Wen Fushuan. Transmission planning and investment under competitive electricity market environment, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, 3: 1725~1730
[3] 戴彦,文福拴,韩祯祥. 电力市场改革对电网规划的影响, 浙江电力, 2002, 3: 1~5
[4] W. Wong, Chao H., Julian D., Lindberg P., and Kolluri S. Transmission planning in a deregulated environment, IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference, April 1999, 1: 350~355
[5] Katja Keller and Wild Jorg. Long-term investment in electricity: a trade-off between co-ordination and competition? Utilities Policy, 2004, 12, 243~251
[6] Cameron Lisa. Transmission Investment: Obstacles to a Market Approach, The Electricity Journal, 2001, 14(2): 25~38
[7] P. Joskow and Tirole J. Merchant transmission investment, mimeo Journal of Industrial Economics, MIT Cambridge Mass., in press. 2003
[8] Eunson E and T Backman. On behalf of WG37.20 CIGRE, In:CIGRE symposium on power system planning and open trading, 1997
[9] W.W. Hogan. Transmission market design, presented at Electricity deregulation: where to from here? Conference at Texas A&M University, April 4th, 2003
[10] 王锡凡, 电力系统优化规划: 水力电力出版社, 1990.
[11] 孙洪波. 电力网络规划, 重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1996
[12] Levi V A and S. Calovic M. A new decomposition based method for optimal expansion planning of large transmission network, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1993, 6(3): 937~943
[13] S. Binato, Pereira M.V.F., and Granville S. A new Benders decomposition approach to solve power transmission network design problems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, May 2001, 16(2): 235~240
[14] 童陆园,王仲鸿,韩英铎等. 大规模输电网优化扩建规划--0-1 隐枚举法, 武汉:全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第五届学术年会论文集, 1988
[15] 张焰,陈章潮,谈伟. 不确定性的电网规划方法研究, 电网技术, 1999, 23(3): 15~19
[16] 张洪明,廖培鸿. 输电网规划的灰色模型及算法, 上海交通大学学报, 1995, 29(3): 20~26
[17] Schilling M T, M Leiteda Silva A, and R Billinton. Bibliography on power system probabilistic analysis, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1990, 5(1): 1962~1988
[18] 朱海峰,程浩忠,张焰. 利用盲数进行电网规划的潮流计算方法, 中国电机工程学报, 2001, 21(8): 74~78
[19] 谢敬东,王磊,唐国庆. 遗传算法在多目标电网优化规划中的应用, 电力系统自动化, 1998, 22(10): 20~22
[20] Romero R, A Gallego R, and A. Monticelli. Transmission system expansion planning by simulated annealing, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1996, 11(1): 364~369
[21] 文福拴,韩祯祥. 基于 Tabu 搜索方法的输电系统最优规则, 电网技术, 1997, 21(5): 2~7
[22] J.R. Saenz, Torres E., Eguia P., and Albizu I. Development of a methodology for transmission planning in deregulated electric sectors, IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings, 2001, 1: 4
[23] M.S. Kandil, El-Debeiky S.M., and Hasanien N.E. A hybrid mathematical and rule-based system for transmission network planning in a deregulated environment, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, 3: 1451~1456
[24] M.O. Buygi, Balzer G., Shanechi H.M., and Shahidehpour M. Market based transmission expansion planning: stakeholders' desires, Proceedings of the IEEE International Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2004, 2: 433~438
[25] M.O. Buygi, Shahidehpour M., Shanechi H.M., and Balzer G. Market based transmission planning under uncertainties, International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, 2004: 563~568
[26] 杨宁,文福拴. 基于机会约束规划的输电系统规划方法, 电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(14): 23~27
[27] 杨宁,文福拴. 计及风险约束的多阶段输电系统规划方法, 电力系统自动化, 2005, 29(4): 28~33
[28] Ning Yang and Wen Fushuan. A preliminary investigation on transmission system expansion planning in competitive electricity market environment, IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2004, 2: 586~591
[29] H. Chao, Li F., Trinh L.H., Pan J., Gopinathan M., and Pillo D.J. Market based transmission planning considering reliability and economic performances, International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, Sept. 2004: 557~562
[30] Pei Zhang and Lee S.T. Probabilistic load flow computation using the method of combined cumulants and Gram-Charlier expansion, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Feb. 2004, 19(1): 676~682
[31] 朱海峰,程浩忠,张焰. 考虑线路被选概率的电网灵活规划方法, 电力系统自动化, 2002, 24(17): 20~24
[32] 程浩忠,张焰. 电力网络规划的方法与应用, 上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2002
[33] Rajat K. Deb. Transmission Investment Valuations: Weighing Project Benefits, The Electricity Journal, 2004, 17(2): 55~67
[34] T. Watanabe. Requirements for coordinated development of the transmission system to meet rapidly growing demand in Asian countries, IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000, 1: 627
[35] 曾庆禹. 电力市场条件下的发输电规划协调与运行模式, 电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(5): 1~5
[36] Goran Strbac. Concept of reference network: a tool for transmission regulation and expansion, http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/hepg/Papers/Strbac_n03%201-23-02.pdf
[37] Eric Hirst and Kirby Brendan. Key transmission planning issues, The Electricity Journal, 2001: 59~70
[38] Chatuverdi R., K. Bhattacharya, and J. Parikh. Transmission planning for Indian power grid: A mixed integer programming approach, International Transactions in Operational Research, 1999, 6: 465~482
[39] Beste Kucukyazic?, Ozdamar Linet, and Pokharel Shaligram. Developing concurrent investment plans for power generation and transmission, European Journal of Operational Research, 2005, 166: 449~468
[40] 张午阳,姚建刚,等. 一种新的促进厂网规划协调的整体框架与模型, 电网技术, 2006, 30(1): 50~55
[41] Mateu G.R. and J.M. Thizy. Exact sequential choice of locations in a network, Annals of Operation Research, 1986, 1(10): 199~219
[42] L.A.F. Manso and Silva A.M. Leite da. Probabilistic criteria for power system expansion planning, Electric Power Systems Research, 2004, 69: 51~58
[43] 王成山,吉兴全. 输电网合作投资的费用分摊方法, 电力系统自动化, 2003, 27(10): 22~27
[44] Lemaire J. An Application of Game Theory: Cost Allocation, ASTIN Bulletin, 2000, 14(1): 61~81
[45] Masatoshi S., N. Ichiro, and U. Yoshio. Fuzzy programming and profit and cost allocation for a production and transportation problem, European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 131(1): 1~15
[46] Kattuman P.A., J.W. Bialek, and N. Abi-Samra. Electricity tracing and co-operative game theory, Proc. 13 th Power System Computation Conference, Trondheim, June 28-July 2, 1999: 238~243
[47] Juan M. Zolezzi and Rudnick Hugh. Transmission Cost Allocation by Cooperative Games and Coalition Formation, IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 2002, 17(4): 1008~1015
[48] Felix Wu, Yeung Chris, Poon Ada, and Yen Jerome. A multi-agent approach to the deregulation and restructuring of power industry, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Jan. 1998, 3: 122~131
[49] J. Yen, Yan Y.H., Wang B.J., Sin P.K.H., and Wu F.F. Multi-agent coalition formation in power transmission planning, The Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1998, 4: 433~443
[50] JAvier Contreras and Wu Felix F. Coalition formation in transmission expansion planning, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 1144~1151
[51] M. Shahidehpour. Investing in expansion: the many issues that cloud transmission planning, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2004, 2(1): 14~18
[52] 张粒子,郑华. 区域电力市场电价机制, 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2004
[53] 穆刚,王华伟,韩学山. 基于费用流法的输电网节点电力成本分析, 中国电机工程学报, 2002, 22(12): 36~40
[54] 段刚,王心丰,白玮,韩英铎. 输电服务定价的资金流-资金路径法, 中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(3): 48~53
[55] 黄继明,薛年华,张维. 电力市场中输电定价问题的探讨, 电网技术, 2000, 24(11): 49~53
[56] 任震,吴国玥,黄雯莹. 电力市场中计算输电电价的一种新方法, 中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(1): 37~41
[57] 袁家海,丁伟,胡兆光. 基于 AGENT 的计算经济学及其在电力市场理论中的应用综述, 电网技术, 2005, 29(7): 47~51
[58] M. Wooldridge and Jennings N. R. Intelligent agents: theory and practice, The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1995, 10(2): 115~152
[59] 刘红进,袁斌,戴宏伟. 多代理系统及其在电力系统中的应用, 电力系统自动化, 2001, 26(10): 45~52
[60] 黄敏,佟振声. 分布式多 Agent 系统的研究, 电力情报, 2002, 1: 65~69
[61] N. R. Jennings, Parsons S., Noriega P., and al et. On argumentation-based negotiation, IWMAS 98 Submission, 1998
[62] Jose J. Castro-Schez and Jennings Nicholas R. Acquiring domain knowledge for negotiating agents: a case of study, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2004: 3~31
[63] Zlotkin G and S Rosenschein J. Coalotion, cryptography, and stability: mechanisms for coalition formation in task oriented domains, In: Proc AAAI-94, Seattle, US: 432~437
[64] J. Yen, Yan Y.H., Wang B.J., Sin P.K.H., and Wu F.F. Multi-agent coalition formation in power transmission planning, The Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Jan. 1998, 4: 433~443
[65] R Romero, Gallego R A, and Monticelli A. Transmission system expansion planning by simulated annealing, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1996, 11(1): 364~369
[66] Chris S. k. Yeung, Poon Ada S. Y., and Wu Felix F. Game theoretical multi-agent modeling of coalition formation for multilateral trades, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 929~934
[67] Javier Contreras and Wu Felix F. A kernel-oriented algorithm for transmission expansion planning, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(4): 1434~1440
[68] Felix Wu, Yeung Chris, Poon Ada, and Yen Jerome. A multi-agent approach to the deregulation and restructuring of power industry, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1998, 3: 122~131
[69] 胡兆光,方燕平. 智能工程与负荷预测, 电网技术, 1999, 25(3): 15~19
[70] Hu Zhaoguang. Studying on intersection between AI, NN and FS and the applications to power systems, International Conference on Power Systems, Malaysia, 1994
[71] Zhao-guang Hu. Intelligent Engineering-Its Application, IEEE-SMC' 95 International Symposium, Canada, 1995
[72] Zhao-guang Hu. Intelligent engineering and its applications in power engineering in China, Proceedings of IFAC 97 China, 1997
[73] 胡兆光. 智能工程及其在电力经济模型中的应用, 电网技术, 1999, 25(3): 11~14
[74] 胡兆光,方燕平. 智能工程及其在电力发展战略研究中的应用, 中国电机工程学报, 2000, 20(3): 45~49
[75] 国家电力公司战略研究与规划部. 市场经济下电力规划理论与实践探索, 北京:中国电力出版社, 2001
[76] 搞好电力规划促进电力工业发展, http://www.sp.com.cn/dlyw/rdxx/200403110013.htm, 2004
[77] Rudnick H. Generation and transmission in developing countries:planning in a deregulated environment in developing countries:Bolivia, Chile and Peru, IEEE Power Engineering Review, 1996, 16(7): 18~22
[78] 杨宁,文福拴. 电力市场环境下的输电系统规划方法初探, 电网技术, 2004, 28(17): 47~52
[79] X. Vieira Filho, Gorenstin B., Couto G., and Oliveira J. C. Transmission Planning in an Environment of Competition in Generation, CIGRE 1996 Session, 1996
[80] J.P. Buechler. Transmission planning in a market-based environment, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June, 2005: 1850~1852
[81] P.E. Roger Clayton and Group PG&E National Energy. Transmission expansion planning in a competitive environment, IEEE Summer Power Meeting - Panel Session, 2002: 1166~1167
[82] L.J. Manz. Market-based transmission expansion and regional planning: an idea whose time has come, IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2003, 3: 1040~1041
[83] H Willis, L. Nontraditional planning for nontraditional times: just what should planners minimize? IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2004, 3: 1359~1364
[84] Javier Contreras and Wu Felix F. A kernel-oriented algorithm for transmission expansion planning, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Nov. 2000, 15(4): 1434~1440
[85] T. Tachikawa, Kita H., Sugihara H., Nishiya K., and Hasegawa J. A study of transmission planning under a deregulated environment in power system, International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, April 2000: 649~654
[86] C. Ward, Bell K., May A., and Roddy P. Transmission capacity planning in an open energy market, CIGRE 2000, 2000, 37~109
[87] R. Romero, Rocha C., Mantovani J.R.S., and Sanchez I.G. Constructive heuristic algorithm for the DC model in network transmission expansion planning, IEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission and Distribution, March 2005, 152(2): 277~282
[88] 刘开第,吴和琴,庞彦军. 不确定性信息数学处理及应用, 北京:科学出版社, 1999
[89] M.O. Buygi, Balzer G., Shanechi H.M., and Shahidehpour M. Market-based transmission expansion planning, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Nov. 2004, 19(4): 2060~2067
[90] M.O. Buygi, Shanechi H.M., Balzer G., and Shahidehpour M. Transmission planning approaches in restructured power systems, IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings, June 2003, 2: 7
[91] M. Oloomi Buygi, Shancchi H. Modir, and Shahidehpour M. Transmission planning in deregulated environment, International Journal of Engineering, Oct. 2002, 15(3): 249~256
[92] M.O. Buygi, Shahidehpour M., Shanechi H.M., and Balzer G. Market based transmission planning under uncertainties, International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, Sept. 2004: 563~568
[93] M.O. Buygi, Balzer G., Shanechi H.M., and Shahidehpour M. Market based transmission expansion planning: stakeholders' desires, Proceedings of the IEEE International Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, April 2004, 2: 433~438
[94] M.O. Buygi, Balzer G., Shanechi H.M., and Shahidehpour M. Market based transmission expansion planning: fuzzy risk assessment, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, April 2004, 2: 427~432
[95] R. R.Austria and R.Pangilinarr M. A closer look at long-term transmission planning in a competitive environment, Power Technology, No.82, Power Technologies Inc., 1995
[96] 王光远. 未确知信息及其数学处理, 哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报, 1990, 4
[97] 王光远. 工程软设计理论, 北京:科学出版社, 1992
[98] 朱海峰,程浩忠,张焰,王建民,许进. 利用盲数进行电网规划的潮流计算方法, 中国电机工程学报, 2001, 21(8): 74~78
[99] 高赐威,程浩忠,王旭. 盲信息的模糊评价模型在电网规划中的应用, 中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(9): 24~29
[100] 《运筹学》教材编写组. 运筹学, 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1990 年第 2 版
[101] 周安石,康重庆,洪元瑞等. 电力工业可持续发展的统一规划模型, 2005, 29(7): 28~32
[102] 赵新宇,王锡凡,陈皓勇. 火电厂投资风险决策的模型与整体框架, 中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(8): 7~11
[103] 丁伟,袁家海,胡兆光. 基于用户价格响应的峰谷分时电价模型, 电力系统自动化, 2005, 29(20): 10~14
[104] 王路. 公用电网 电力传输和电力市场的共同载体, 中国电力企业管理, 2004(11): 40~42
[105] 胡兆光. 电力可持续发展的基准限研究, 中国电力, 2004, 37(4): 1~4
[106] 何大愚. 一年以后对美加 8.14 大停电事故的反思, 电网技术, 2004, 28(21): 1~5
[107] Paul A. Samulelson and Nordhaus William D. Economics, 1985, 12th ed.(McGraw-Hill)
[108] Vernon Smith. What is Experimental Economics? http://time.dufe.edu.cn/wencong/smith/422.txt, 2002
[109] 洪进,刘仲林,汤书昆. 实验经济学:跨学科研究的新典范, 科技进步与对策, 2004(7): 6~8
[110] Vernon Smith. Controlling market power and price spikes in electricity networks:demand-side bidding, Nobel Centennial Symposium, 2001
[111] Jordi Brandts, Pezanis-Christou Paul, and Schram Arthur. Competition with Forward Contracts: A Laboratory Analysis Motivated by Electricity Market Design, www.iae-csic.uab.es/brandts/pub/elektra_oct.pdf, 2003
[112] 孙志明,黄民翔,迟峰. 基于实验经济学的电力市场竞价模式研究, 华东电力, 2004, 32(10): 7~10
[113] Ray D. Zimmerman, Bernard John C., Thomas Robert J., and Schulze William. Energy Auctions and Market Power: An Experimental Examination, Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii, 1999
[114] 丁伟,李蒙. 实验经济学及其在电力市场中的应用, 现代电力, 2007, 24(86): 88~92
[115] 朱庆. 实验经济学:兴起、应用与意义, 世经观察, 2002, 11: 62~63
[116] E. Handschin, Heine M., Konig D., Nikodem T., Seibt T., and Palma R. Object-oriented software engineering for transmission planning in open access schemes, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1998, 13(1): 94~100
[117] M.S. Kandil, El-Debeiky S.M., and Hasanien N.E. Rule-based system for determining unit locations of a developed generation expansion plan for transmission planning, IEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2000, 147(1): 62~68
[118] 王若颖,陈宏民. 实验经济学的发展:仿真一实验, 系统工程理论方法应用, 1998, 7(2): 5~9
[119] 胡兆光,方燕平. 智能工程与开拓电力市场, 中国电力, 2000, 2(33): 1~5
[120] 胡兆光. 电力经济智能模拟实验室研究, 中国电力, 2005, 38(1), 7~11
[121] Hu Zhaoguang. Intelligent space, FUZZ-IEEE 99, South Korea
[122] Eric Hirst. Do We Need More Transmission Capacity, The Electricity Journal, 2000, 13(9): 78~89
[123] A.K. David and Wen Fushuan. Transmission planning and investment under competitive electricity market environment, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, 3: 1725~1730
[124] 郑风雷,文福拴,吴复立. 电力市场环境下的输电投资与扩展规划, 电力系统自动化, 2006, 30(9): 95~104
[125] Joskow P and J Tiroi E. Merchant Transmission Investment (Mimeo ,2004).http://econ-www.mit.edu/
[126] USA Department of Energy. National Transmission Grid Study (Mimeo ,2002).http://certs.1b1.gov/
[127] OREN S, G GROSS, and F ALVARADO. National Transmission Grid Study Issue Papers Alternative Business Models for Transmission Investment and Operation (Mimeo,2002) http://certs.1b1.gov/
[128] LEAUTIER T O. Regulation of an Electric Power Transmission Company, The Energy Journal, 2000, 21(4): 61~92
[129] 曾鸣. 电力市场理论及应用, 北京:中国电力出版社, 2000
[130] 曾鸣,孙昕,张启平. 电力市场交易与电价理论及其应用, 北京:中国电力出版社, 2003
[131] Joshua Z. Rokach. Changing the Rules of the ROE: A Reform in Waiting, The Electricity Journal, 2006, 19(4): 14~20
[132] Zhaoxia Jing, Duan Xianzhong, Wen Fushuan, Ni Yixin, and Wu F.F. Review of transmission fixed costs allocation methods, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2003, 4
[133] CIGRE WG 37.10. Methods for planning under uncertainty toward flexibility in power system development, Electria, 1995, 161: 143~163
[134] 于维生,朴正爱. 博弈论及其在经济管理中的应用. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2005
[135] 王建华. 对策论. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1986
[136] 张盛开, 张亚东. 对策论与决策方法. 大连: 东北财经大学出版社, 2000
[137] Mohammad Shahidehpour, Yamin Hatim, and Li Zuyi. Market operations in electric power systems: forecasting, scheduling, and risk Management, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2002
[138] 孙燕萍. 输配电价水平研究:[硕士学位论文]. 北京:华北电力大学电气工程系, 2004
[139] Steven Walton and Tabors Richard D. Zonal Transmission Pricing: Methodology and Preliminary Results from the WSCC, The Electricity Journal: 34~41
[140] 陈德裕. 输电电价的计算, 电力系统自动化, 2001, 25(7): 45~47
[141] 丁伟. 电力市场环境下的输电电价理论及应用的探讨, 价格理论与实践, 2006, 11: 38~39
[142] 蔡兴国,刘玉军. 边际成本法在输电定价中的应用, 电力系统自动化, 2000, 24(6): 21~24
[143] 韩水,汪定伟,张近朱. 利用边际成本法计算输电节点电价, 东北电力技术, 2002(3): 8~11
[144] 言茂松,辛洁晴. 在电力市场环境下网嵌入的边际成本输电定价新方法, 中国电机工程学报, 1998, 18(2): 111~116
[145] Richard J. Pierce. FERC Must Adopt an Efficient Transmission Pricing System-Now, The Electricity Journal, 1997: 79~85
[146] 任震,吴国玥,黄雯莹. 计算和分配输电成本的一种新方法, 电力自动化设备, 2004, 24(2): 14~15
[147] Lamont J W and Fu Jian. Cost analysis of reactive power support, IEEE Yransaction on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 890~898
[148] 韩勇. 电力市场环境下输电价格计算及输电阻塞管理的方法研究[硕士学位论文], 北京: 华北电力大学工商管理学院, 2002
[149] 刘振亚. 全面建设小康社会需要坚强的国家电网, 《人民日报》第 9 版, 2005年 5 月 11 日
[150] 刘振亚主编. 特高压电网. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2005
[151] 周浩,余宇红. 我国发展特高压输电中一些重要问题的讨论, 电网技术, 2005, 29(12): 1~9
[152] N. Leeprechanon, Moorthy S.S., Brooks R.D., David A.K., and Wen Fushuan. Transmission planning in deregulated systems: a model for developing countries, IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings, 2001, 1: 7
[153] T. Tachikawa, Kita H., Sugihara H., Nishiya K., and Hasegawa J. A study of transmission planning under a deregulated environment in power system, International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2000: 649~654
[154] 严铭卿. 城市天然气输配工程项目的可行性与研究, 城市燃气, 2002, 11: 8~11
[155] 中国电力工业统计年鉴, 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2004
[156] 国电动力经济研究中心报告. 煤电运综合平衡分析, 2005 年 11 月
[157] H. Rudnick, Palma R., Cura E., and Silva C. Economically adapted transmission systems in open access schemes-application of genetic algorithms, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(3): 1427~1440
[2] A.K. David and Wen Fushuan. Transmission planning and investment under competitive electricity market environment, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, 3: 1725~1730
[3] 戴彦,文福拴,韩祯祥. 电力市场改革对电网规划的影响, 浙江电力, 2002, 3: 1~5
[4] W. Wong, Chao H., Julian D., Lindberg P., and Kolluri S. Transmission planning in a deregulated environment, IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference, April 1999, 1: 350~355
[5] Katja Keller and Wild Jorg. Long-term investment in electricity: a trade-off between co-ordination and competition? Utilities Policy, 2004, 12, 243~251
[6] Cameron Lisa. Transmission Investment: Obstacles to a Market Approach, The Electricity Journal, 2001, 14(2): 25~38
[7] P. Joskow and Tirole J. Merchant transmission investment, mimeo Journal of Industrial Economics, MIT Cambridge Mass., in press. 2003
[8] Eunson E and T Backman. On behalf of WG37.20 CIGRE, In:CIGRE symposium on power system planning and open trading, 1997
[9] W.W. Hogan. Transmission market design, presented at Electricity deregulation: where to from here? Conference at Texas A&M University, April 4th, 2003
[10] 王锡凡, 电力系统优化规划: 水力电力出版社, 1990.
[11] 孙洪波. 电力网络规划, 重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1996
[12] Levi V A and S. Calovic M. A new decomposition based method for optimal expansion planning of large transmission network, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1993, 6(3): 937~943
[13] S. Binato, Pereira M.V.F., and Granville S. A new Benders decomposition approach to solve power transmission network design problems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, May 2001, 16(2): 235~240
[14] 童陆园,王仲鸿,韩英铎等. 大规模输电网优化扩建规划--0-1 隐枚举法, 武汉:全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第五届学术年会论文集, 1988
[15] 张焰,陈章潮,谈伟. 不确定性的电网规划方法研究, 电网技术, 1999, 23(3): 15~19
[16] 张洪明,廖培鸿. 输电网规划的灰色模型及算法, 上海交通大学学报, 1995, 29(3): 20~26
[17] Schilling M T, M Leiteda Silva A, and R Billinton. Bibliography on power system probabilistic analysis, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1990, 5(1): 1962~1988
[18] 朱海峰,程浩忠,张焰. 利用盲数进行电网规划的潮流计算方法, 中国电机工程学报, 2001, 21(8): 74~78
[19] 谢敬东,王磊,唐国庆. 遗传算法在多目标电网优化规划中的应用, 电力系统自动化, 1998, 22(10): 20~22
[20] Romero R, A Gallego R, and A. Monticelli. Transmission system expansion planning by simulated annealing, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1996, 11(1): 364~369
[21] 文福拴,韩祯祥. 基于 Tabu 搜索方法的输电系统最优规则, 电网技术, 1997, 21(5): 2~7
[22] J.R. Saenz, Torres E., Eguia P., and Albizu I. Development of a methodology for transmission planning in deregulated electric sectors, IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings, 2001, 1: 4
[23] M.S. Kandil, El-Debeiky S.M., and Hasanien N.E. A hybrid mathematical and rule-based system for transmission network planning in a deregulated environment, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, 3: 1451~1456
[24] M.O. Buygi, Balzer G., Shanechi H.M., and Shahidehpour M. Market based transmission expansion planning: stakeholders' desires, Proceedings of the IEEE International Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2004, 2: 433~438
[25] M.O. Buygi, Shahidehpour M., Shanechi H.M., and Balzer G. Market based transmission planning under uncertainties, International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, 2004: 563~568
[26] 杨宁,文福拴. 基于机会约束规划的输电系统规划方法, 电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(14): 23~27
[27] 杨宁,文福拴. 计及风险约束的多阶段输电系统规划方法, 电力系统自动化, 2005, 29(4): 28~33
[28] Ning Yang and Wen Fushuan. A preliminary investigation on transmission system expansion planning in competitive electricity market environment, IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2004, 2: 586~591
[29] H. Chao, Li F., Trinh L.H., Pan J., Gopinathan M., and Pillo D.J. Market based transmission planning considering reliability and economic performances, International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, Sept. 2004: 557~562
[30] Pei Zhang and Lee S.T. Probabilistic load flow computation using the method of combined cumulants and Gram-Charlier expansion, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Feb. 2004, 19(1): 676~682
[31] 朱海峰,程浩忠,张焰. 考虑线路被选概率的电网灵活规划方法, 电力系统自动化, 2002, 24(17): 20~24
[32] 程浩忠,张焰. 电力网络规划的方法与应用, 上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2002
[33] Rajat K. Deb. Transmission Investment Valuations: Weighing Project Benefits, The Electricity Journal, 2004, 17(2): 55~67
[34] T. Watanabe. Requirements for coordinated development of the transmission system to meet rapidly growing demand in Asian countries, IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000, 1: 627
[35] 曾庆禹. 电力市场条件下的发输电规划协调与运行模式, 电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(5): 1~5
[36] Goran Strbac. Concept of reference network: a tool for transmission regulation and expansion, http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/hepg/Papers/Strbac_n03%201-23-02.pdf
[37] Eric Hirst and Kirby Brendan. Key transmission planning issues, The Electricity Journal, 2001: 59~70
[38] Chatuverdi R., K. Bhattacharya, and J. Parikh. Transmission planning for Indian power grid: A mixed integer programming approach, International Transactions in Operational Research, 1999, 6: 465~482
[39] Beste Kucukyazic?, Ozdamar Linet, and Pokharel Shaligram. Developing concurrent investment plans for power generation and transmission, European Journal of Operational Research, 2005, 166: 449~468
[40] 张午阳,姚建刚,等. 一种新的促进厂网规划协调的整体框架与模型, 电网技术, 2006, 30(1): 50~55
[41] Mateu G.R. and J.M. Thizy. Exact sequential choice of locations in a network, Annals of Operation Research, 1986, 1(10): 199~219
[42] L.A.F. Manso and Silva A.M. Leite da. Probabilistic criteria for power system expansion planning, Electric Power Systems Research, 2004, 69: 51~58
[43] 王成山,吉兴全. 输电网合作投资的费用分摊方法, 电力系统自动化, 2003, 27(10): 22~27
[44] Lemaire J. An Application of Game Theory: Cost Allocation, ASTIN Bulletin, 2000, 14(1): 61~81
[45] Masatoshi S., N. Ichiro, and U. Yoshio. Fuzzy programming and profit and cost allocation for a production and transportation problem, European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 131(1): 1~15
[46] Kattuman P.A., J.W. Bialek, and N. Abi-Samra. Electricity tracing and co-operative game theory, Proc. 13 th Power System Computation Conference, Trondheim, June 28-July 2, 1999: 238~243
[47] Juan M. Zolezzi and Rudnick Hugh. Transmission Cost Allocation by Cooperative Games and Coalition Formation, IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 2002, 17(4): 1008~1015
[48] Felix Wu, Yeung Chris, Poon Ada, and Yen Jerome. A multi-agent approach to the deregulation and restructuring of power industry, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Jan. 1998, 3: 122~131
[49] J. Yen, Yan Y.H., Wang B.J., Sin P.K.H., and Wu F.F. Multi-agent coalition formation in power transmission planning, The Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1998, 4: 433~443
[50] JAvier Contreras and Wu Felix F. Coalition formation in transmission expansion planning, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 1144~1151
[51] M. Shahidehpour. Investing in expansion: the many issues that cloud transmission planning, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2004, 2(1): 14~18
[52] 张粒子,郑华. 区域电力市场电价机制, 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2004
[53] 穆刚,王华伟,韩学山. 基于费用流法的输电网节点电力成本分析, 中国电机工程学报, 2002, 22(12): 36~40
[54] 段刚,王心丰,白玮,韩英铎. 输电服务定价的资金流-资金路径法, 中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(3): 48~53
[55] 黄继明,薛年华,张维. 电力市场中输电定价问题的探讨, 电网技术, 2000, 24(11): 49~53
[56] 任震,吴国玥,黄雯莹. 电力市场中计算输电电价的一种新方法, 中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(1): 37~41
[57] 袁家海,丁伟,胡兆光. 基于 AGENT 的计算经济学及其在电力市场理论中的应用综述, 电网技术, 2005, 29(7): 47~51
[58] M. Wooldridge and Jennings N. R. Intelligent agents: theory and practice, The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1995, 10(2): 115~152
[59] 刘红进,袁斌,戴宏伟. 多代理系统及其在电力系统中的应用, 电力系统自动化, 2001, 26(10): 45~52
[60] 黄敏,佟振声. 分布式多 Agent 系统的研究, 电力情报, 2002, 1: 65~69
[61] N. R. Jennings, Parsons S., Noriega P., and al et. On argumentation-based negotiation, IWMAS 98 Submission, 1998
[62] Jose J. Castro-Schez and Jennings Nicholas R. Acquiring domain knowledge for negotiating agents: a case of study, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2004: 3~31
[63] Zlotkin G and S Rosenschein J. Coalotion, cryptography, and stability: mechanisms for coalition formation in task oriented domains, In: Proc AAAI-94, Seattle, US: 432~437
[64] J. Yen, Yan Y.H., Wang B.J., Sin P.K.H., and Wu F.F. Multi-agent coalition formation in power transmission planning, The Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Jan. 1998, 4: 433~443
[65] R Romero, Gallego R A, and Monticelli A. Transmission system expansion planning by simulated annealing, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1996, 11(1): 364~369
[66] Chris S. k. Yeung, Poon Ada S. Y., and Wu Felix F. Game theoretical multi-agent modeling of coalition formation for multilateral trades, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 929~934
[67] Javier Contreras and Wu Felix F. A kernel-oriented algorithm for transmission expansion planning, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(4): 1434~1440
[68] Felix Wu, Yeung Chris, Poon Ada, and Yen Jerome. A multi-agent approach to the deregulation and restructuring of power industry, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1998, 3: 122~131
[69] 胡兆光,方燕平. 智能工程与负荷预测, 电网技术, 1999, 25(3): 15~19
[70] Hu Zhaoguang. Studying on intersection between AI, NN and FS and the applications to power systems, International Conference on Power Systems, Malaysia, 1994
[71] Zhao-guang Hu. Intelligent Engineering-Its Application, IEEE-SMC' 95 International Symposium, Canada, 1995
[72] Zhao-guang Hu. Intelligent engineering and its applications in power engineering in China, Proceedings of IFAC 97 China, 1997
[73] 胡兆光. 智能工程及其在电力经济模型中的应用, 电网技术, 1999, 25(3): 11~14
[74] 胡兆光,方燕平. 智能工程及其在电力发展战略研究中的应用, 中国电机工程学报, 2000, 20(3): 45~49
[75] 国家电力公司战略研究与规划部. 市场经济下电力规划理论与实践探索, 北京:中国电力出版社, 2001
[76] 搞好电力规划促进电力工业发展, http://www.sp.com.cn/dlyw/rdxx/200403110013.htm, 2004
[77] Rudnick H. Generation and transmission in developing countries:planning in a deregulated environment in developing countries:Bolivia, Chile and Peru, IEEE Power Engineering Review, 1996, 16(7): 18~22
[78] 杨宁,文福拴. 电力市场环境下的输电系统规划方法初探, 电网技术, 2004, 28(17): 47~52
[79] X. Vieira Filho, Gorenstin B., Couto G., and Oliveira J. C. Transmission Planning in an Environment of Competition in Generation, CIGRE 1996 Session, 1996
[80] J.P. Buechler. Transmission planning in a market-based environment, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June, 2005: 1850~1852
[81] P.E. Roger Clayton and Group PG&E National Energy. Transmission expansion planning in a competitive environment, IEEE Summer Power Meeting - Panel Session, 2002: 1166~1167
[82] L.J. Manz. Market-based transmission expansion and regional planning: an idea whose time has come, IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2003, 3: 1040~1041
[83] H Willis, L. Nontraditional planning for nontraditional times: just what should planners minimize? IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2004, 3: 1359~1364
[84] Javier Contreras and Wu Felix F. A kernel-oriented algorithm for transmission expansion planning, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Nov. 2000, 15(4): 1434~1440
[85] T. Tachikawa, Kita H., Sugihara H., Nishiya K., and Hasegawa J. A study of transmission planning under a deregulated environment in power system, International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, April 2000: 649~654
[86] C. Ward, Bell K., May A., and Roddy P. Transmission capacity planning in an open energy market, CIGRE 2000, 2000, 37~109
[87] R. Romero, Rocha C., Mantovani J.R.S., and Sanchez I.G. Constructive heuristic algorithm for the DC model in network transmission expansion planning, IEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission and Distribution, March 2005, 152(2): 277~282
[88] 刘开第,吴和琴,庞彦军. 不确定性信息数学处理及应用, 北京:科学出版社, 1999
[89] M.O. Buygi, Balzer G., Shanechi H.M., and Shahidehpour M. Market-based transmission expansion planning, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Nov. 2004, 19(4): 2060~2067
[90] M.O. Buygi, Shanechi H.M., Balzer G., and Shahidehpour M. Transmission planning approaches in restructured power systems, IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings, June 2003, 2: 7
[91] M. Oloomi Buygi, Shancchi H. Modir, and Shahidehpour M. Transmission planning in deregulated environment, International Journal of Engineering, Oct. 2002, 15(3): 249~256
[92] M.O. Buygi, Shahidehpour M., Shanechi H.M., and Balzer G. Market based transmission planning under uncertainties, International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, Sept. 2004: 563~568
[93] M.O. Buygi, Balzer G., Shanechi H.M., and Shahidehpour M. Market based transmission expansion planning: stakeholders' desires, Proceedings of the IEEE International Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, April 2004, 2: 433~438
[94] M.O. Buygi, Balzer G., Shanechi H.M., and Shahidehpour M. Market based transmission expansion planning: fuzzy risk assessment, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, April 2004, 2: 427~432
[95] R. R.Austria and R.Pangilinarr M. A closer look at long-term transmission planning in a competitive environment, Power Technology, No.82, Power Technologies Inc., 1995
[96] 王光远. 未确知信息及其数学处理, 哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报, 1990, 4
[97] 王光远. 工程软设计理论, 北京:科学出版社, 1992
[98] 朱海峰,程浩忠,张焰,王建民,许进. 利用盲数进行电网规划的潮流计算方法, 中国电机工程学报, 2001, 21(8): 74~78
[99] 高赐威,程浩忠,王旭. 盲信息的模糊评价模型在电网规划中的应用, 中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(9): 24~29
[100] 《运筹学》教材编写组. 运筹学, 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1990 年第 2 版
[101] 周安石,康重庆,洪元瑞等. 电力工业可持续发展的统一规划模型, 2005, 29(7): 28~32
[102] 赵新宇,王锡凡,陈皓勇. 火电厂投资风险决策的模型与整体框架, 中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(8): 7~11
[103] 丁伟,袁家海,胡兆光. 基于用户价格响应的峰谷分时电价模型, 电力系统自动化, 2005, 29(20): 10~14
[104] 王路. 公用电网 电力传输和电力市场的共同载体, 中国电力企业管理, 2004(11): 40~42
[105] 胡兆光. 电力可持续发展的基准限研究, 中国电力, 2004, 37(4): 1~4
[106] 何大愚. 一年以后对美加 8.14 大停电事故的反思, 电网技术, 2004, 28(21): 1~5
[107] Paul A. Samulelson and Nordhaus William D. Economics, 1985, 12th ed.(McGraw-Hill)
[108] Vernon Smith. What is Experimental Economics? http://time.dufe.edu.cn/wencong/smith/422.txt, 2002
[109] 洪进,刘仲林,汤书昆. 实验经济学:跨学科研究的新典范, 科技进步与对策, 2004(7): 6~8
[110] Vernon Smith. Controlling market power and price spikes in electricity networks:demand-side bidding, Nobel Centennial Symposium, 2001
[111] Jordi Brandts, Pezanis-Christou Paul, and Schram Arthur. Competition with Forward Contracts: A Laboratory Analysis Motivated by Electricity Market Design, www.iae-csic.uab.es/brandts/pub/elektra_oct.pdf, 2003
[112] 孙志明,黄民翔,迟峰. 基于实验经济学的电力市场竞价模式研究, 华东电力, 2004, 32(10): 7~10
[113] Ray D. Zimmerman, Bernard John C., Thomas Robert J., and Schulze William. Energy Auctions and Market Power: An Experimental Examination, Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii, 1999
[114] 丁伟,李蒙. 实验经济学及其在电力市场中的应用, 现代电力, 2007, 24(86): 88~92
[115] 朱庆. 实验经济学:兴起、应用与意义, 世经观察, 2002, 11: 62~63
[116] E. Handschin, Heine M., Konig D., Nikodem T., Seibt T., and Palma R. Object-oriented software engineering for transmission planning in open access schemes, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1998, 13(1): 94~100
[117] M.S. Kandil, El-Debeiky S.M., and Hasanien N.E. Rule-based system for determining unit locations of a developed generation expansion plan for transmission planning, IEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2000, 147(1): 62~68
[118] 王若颖,陈宏民. 实验经济学的发展:仿真一实验, 系统工程理论方法应用, 1998, 7(2): 5~9
[119] 胡兆光,方燕平. 智能工程与开拓电力市场, 中国电力, 2000, 2(33): 1~5
[120] 胡兆光. 电力经济智能模拟实验室研究, 中国电力, 2005, 38(1), 7~11
[121] Hu Zhaoguang. Intelligent space, FUZZ-IEEE 99, South Korea
[122] Eric Hirst. Do We Need More Transmission Capacity, The Electricity Journal, 2000, 13(9): 78~89
[123] A.K. David and Wen Fushuan. Transmission planning and investment under competitive electricity market environment, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, 3: 1725~1730
[124] 郑风雷,文福拴,吴复立. 电力市场环境下的输电投资与扩展规划, 电力系统自动化, 2006, 30(9): 95~104
[125] Joskow P and J Tiroi E. Merchant Transmission Investment (Mimeo ,2004).http://econ-www.mit.edu/
[126] USA Department of Energy. National Transmission Grid Study (Mimeo ,2002).http://certs.1b1.gov/
[127] OREN S, G GROSS, and F ALVARADO. National Transmission Grid Study Issue Papers Alternative Business Models for Transmission Investment and Operation (Mimeo,2002) http://certs.1b1.gov/
[128] LEAUTIER T O. Regulation of an Electric Power Transmission Company, The Energy Journal, 2000, 21(4): 61~92
[129] 曾鸣. 电力市场理论及应用, 北京:中国电力出版社, 2000
[130] 曾鸣,孙昕,张启平. 电力市场交易与电价理论及其应用, 北京:中国电力出版社, 2003
[131] Joshua Z. Rokach. Changing the Rules of the ROE: A Reform in Waiting, The Electricity Journal, 2006, 19(4): 14~20
[132] Zhaoxia Jing, Duan Xianzhong, Wen Fushuan, Ni Yixin, and Wu F.F. Review of transmission fixed costs allocation methods, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2003, 4
[133] CIGRE WG 37.10. Methods for planning under uncertainty toward flexibility in power system development, Electria, 1995, 161: 143~163
[134] 于维生,朴正爱. 博弈论及其在经济管理中的应用. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2005
[135] 王建华. 对策论. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1986
[136] 张盛开, 张亚东. 对策论与决策方法. 大连: 东北财经大学出版社, 2000
[137] Mohammad Shahidehpour, Yamin Hatim, and Li Zuyi. Market operations in electric power systems: forecasting, scheduling, and risk Management, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2002
[138] 孙燕萍. 输配电价水平研究:[硕士学位论文]. 北京:华北电力大学电气工程系, 2004
[139] Steven Walton and Tabors Richard D. Zonal Transmission Pricing: Methodology and Preliminary Results from the WSCC, The Electricity Journal: 34~41
[140] 陈德裕. 输电电价的计算, 电力系统自动化, 2001, 25(7): 45~47
[141] 丁伟. 电力市场环境下的输电电价理论及应用的探讨, 价格理论与实践, 2006, 11: 38~39
[142] 蔡兴国,刘玉军. 边际成本法在输电定价中的应用, 电力系统自动化, 2000, 24(6): 21~24
[143] 韩水,汪定伟,张近朱. 利用边际成本法计算输电节点电价, 东北电力技术, 2002(3): 8~11
[144] 言茂松,辛洁晴. 在电力市场环境下网嵌入的边际成本输电定价新方法, 中国电机工程学报, 1998, 18(2): 111~116
[145] Richard J. Pierce. FERC Must Adopt an Efficient Transmission Pricing System-Now, The Electricity Journal, 1997: 79~85
[146] 任震,吴国玥,黄雯莹. 计算和分配输电成本的一种新方法, 电力自动化设备, 2004, 24(2): 14~15
[147] Lamont J W and Fu Jian. Cost analysis of reactive power support, IEEE Yransaction on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 890~898
[148] 韩勇. 电力市场环境下输电价格计算及输电阻塞管理的方法研究[硕士学位论文], 北京: 华北电力大学工商管理学院, 2002
[149] 刘振亚. 全面建设小康社会需要坚强的国家电网, 《人民日报》第 9 版, 2005年 5 月 11 日
[150] 刘振亚主编. 特高压电网. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2005
[151] 周浩,余宇红. 我国发展特高压输电中一些重要问题的讨论, 电网技术, 2005, 29(12): 1~9
[152] N. Leeprechanon, Moorthy S.S., Brooks R.D., David A.K., and Wen Fushuan. Transmission planning in deregulated systems: a model for developing countries, IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings, 2001, 1: 7
[153] T. Tachikawa, Kita H., Sugihara H., Nishiya K., and Hasegawa J. A study of transmission planning under a deregulated environment in power system, International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2000: 649~654
[154] 严铭卿. 城市天然气输配工程项目的可行性与研究, 城市燃气, 2002, 11: 8~11
[155] 中国电力工业统计年鉴, 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2004
[156] 国电动力经济研究中心报告. 煤电运综合平衡分析, 2005 年 11 月
[157] H. Rudnick, Palma R., Cura E., and Silva C. Economically adapted transmission systems in open access schemes-application of genetic algorithms, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(3): 1427~1440