声波水泥胶结测井信号多重分形特征参数提取及应用研究
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摘要
固井质量评价一直是倍受关注的问题,因为油井固井质量的好坏将直接影响到油井的使用寿命和整个注、采期间能否顺利进行生产。由于地层介质的差异性,波在其中的传播表现出极其复杂的特征,导致固井质量的评价特别是Ⅱ界面胶结状况的判别一直缺乏有效的方法。本文运用实轴积分法数值模拟了套管井不同地层、不同衰减条件下三种典型胶结状况的声波测井响应;利用自制的微型模拟井模拟了几种典型的水泥胶结状况,实验测试了其声波测井响应;基于多重分形理论编写了声波水泥胶结测井响应多重分形计算程序,提取了数值模拟和物理模拟声波测井响应的多重分形特征参量,探讨了水泥胶结状况与多重分形特征参量之间的关系,初步建立了利用多重分形特征参量评价套管井Ⅰ、Ⅱ界面水泥胶结质量的评价方法和评价标准;给出了微型模拟井水泥胶结质量的评价结果图,结合某油田一井段的声波水泥胶结测井资料(VDL资料),给出了该井段水泥胶结质量的多重分形评价结果图,评价结果与实际结果符合。
Much attention has been paid to cementing evaluation since directly effects the well recovery life and normal production along the injection and producing periods. No effective methodology for cementing evaluation, especially for identification of second interface cementation and annulus cement packing on account of formation media difference and the characteristic complexity for wave propagation. By using real axis integration method, the responsese of acoustic logging are calculated with different wave velocity and attenuations of formation; the responsese of acoustic logging are tested in three typical different cement bond quality in miniature well models; Based on the multifractal theory, the multifractal characteristic parameters are extracted from the responsese of numerical and physical simulation for acoustic logging using multifractal parameters calculation progrem. The relationship between multifractal characteristic and cement bond quality of the first and second interface in cased holes is built. By using the VDL data, the figures of multifractal evaluation results of the field cementing data are shown, the evaluating results are in good agreement with actual results.
Much attention has been paid to cementing evaluation since directly effects the well recovery life and normal production along the injection and producing periods. No effective methodology for cementing evaluation, especially for identification of second interface cementation and annulus cement packing on account of formation media difference and the characteristic complexity for wave propagation. By using real axis integration method, the responsese of acoustic logging are calculated with different wave velocity and attenuations of formation; the responsese of acoustic logging are tested in three typical different cement bond quality in miniature well models; Based on the multifractal theory, the multifractal characteristic parameters are extracted from the responsese of numerical and physical simulation for acoustic logging using multifractal parameters calculation progrem. The relationship between multifractal characteristic and cement bond quality of the first and second interface in cased holes is built. By using the VDL data, the figures of multifractal evaluation results of the field cementing data are shown, the evaluating results are in good agreement with actual results.
引文
[1] 官波,薛桂玉,赵彦军等.用声波全波列测井资料定量评价固井质量的方法.测井技术,2002;26(5):383-386
[2] 刘呈冰.套管井测井解释原理与应用.高中民译.北京:石油工业出版社,1988:89-105
[3] 王天波,刘正锋,张宇晓等.声幅变密度测井定量评价固井质量的研究.测井技术,2002;26(1):55-59
[4] Brown.New Developments in Sonic Wave Train Display and Analysis in Cased Holes[A].SP WLA Eleventh Annual Logging Symp,1970;5 :3-6
[5] Tubman K MandCheng C H , et al.Synthetic Full-Waveform Acoustic Logs in Cased Borehole,Ⅱ-poorly Bonded Casing.Geophysics,1986;51(4):902-913
[6] Cai H,Lockyear C.Cement Bond Logs-A New Analysis to Improve Reliability.SPE,23729,1992
[7] 孙建孟,苏远大,李召成等.定量评价固井Ⅱ界面胶结质量的方法研究.测井技术,2004;28(3):199-202
[8] 朱世和,李哲.辽河测井公司固井质量评价技术.测井技术,2004;28(2):13-18
[9] 张秀梅,孙建孟,陈雪莲.扇区水泥胶结测井(SBT)响应的数值模拟.测井技术,2004;28(6):515-517
[10] 李哲.MARK-Ⅱ和CГДТ-HB测井在辽河油f的应用.测井技术,2003;27(3):250-253
[11] 薛梅,楚泽涵,李艳华等.对固井质量解释评价若干问题的探讨.测井技术,2000;24(6):470-475
[12] 胡来福,姜岳庆,邓基华.CAST-V井周声波扫描仪及其应用.石油仪器,2004;18(1):44-46
[13] 张守谦.成像测井技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:15-19
[14] 葛承河.CAST方位测试及校准方.测井技术,2004;28(2):171-176
[15] 段方勇,吴今培,曲万里等.BP神经网络对固井质量信号的分类能力的研究.信号处理,1998;14(1):1-7
[16] 余厚全,黄载禄,刘益成.利用超声波回波序列分析法识别固井质量.江汉石油学院学报,1994;16(2):49-53
[17] 黄文新,张忠明,王冠贵.用斯通利波评价套管井水泥胶结质量.江汉石油学院学报,1994;16(2):85-89
[18] 乔文孝.直接耦合法评价水泥胶结质量的实验研究.测井技术,2004;28(5):392-396
[19] 夏克文,陈文辉,胡兴卫等.用神经网络识别水泥胶结质量.测井技术,1996;2(3):207-209
[20] T.A.Hewett.Fractal Distribution of Reservoir Heterogeneity and Their Influence on Fluid Transport.SPE 15386,1986
[21] A.S.Emanuel,et al.Reservoir Performance Prediction Methods on Fractal Geostatistics.SPE 16971,1987
[22] T.A.Hewett , and R.A.Behrens.Conditional Simulation of Reservoir Heterogeneity With Fractal.SPE 18326,1988
[23] 杜功焕等.声学基础.南京:南京大学出版社,2001:108-112
[24] 郭崇光.超声成像测井法在晋城岩溶水勘探中的应用,中国煤田地质,1995;3(7):99-102
[25] 贺长宏等.SBT 声波测井换能器分析.石油仪器,2004;2(3):34-38
[26] 沈建国等.声波测井压电换能器的一致性问题.石油仪器,2002;16(6):33-35
[27] 谢忠联,贾光美.偶极子声波测井.国外测井技术,1989;4(2):15-26
[28] 王冠贵.声波测井理论基础及其应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1998:123-125
[29] 郭海敏.生产测井导论.北京:石油工业出版社,2003:74-79
[30] Biot M A.Propagation of elastic waves in a cylindrical bore containing a fluid.J.Appl.Phys.,1952;23(9):997-1005
[31] ZHANG Hailan.Numerical study of acoustic field of borehole in slow formation.C.J.Geophysics,1993;36(1):137-144
[32] 沈建国,张海澜.井内偏心声源激发的三维声场的数值研究.地球物理学报,2000;43(2):279-286
[33] 胡文详,钱梦騄.套管井声场合成波形及其时频特征.声学学报,2002;27(3):223-228
[34] 沈建国,陈宇,卢克安.圆管内的偏心声源在圆管内外激发的声场.声学学报,2003;28(5):475-480
[35] LIN Weijun,ZHANG Chengyu,ZHANG Hailan.The experimen- tal study of acoustic field in an asymmetric borehole.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2003;22(4):346-351
[36] Stephen R A,Cardo C F.Finite-difference synthetic acoustic logs.Geophysics,1985;50(10):1588-1606
[37] CHEN Yonghua.A three-dimensional finite difference code for modeling of sonic logging tools.J.Acoustics.Soc.Am. , 1981 ; 3(2):702-712
[38] LIU Qinghuo.A three-dimensional finite difference simulation of sonic logging.J.Acoustics.Soc.Am.,1996;100(1):72-79
[39] Randall C J. Multipole acoustic waveforms in nonaxisymmetric boreholes and formations.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1991;90(3):1620-1631
[40] Leslie H D , Randall C J.Multipole sources in boreholes penetrating anisotropic formation.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1992;91(1):12-27
[41] 林伟军,张澄宇,张海澜等.带扇区窜槽的套管井声场.声学学报,2005;30(1):9-14
[42] 林伟军,张海澜.2.5维有限差分算法在井孔声场研究中的应用.工程地球物理学报,2004;1(1):78-82
[43] 张海澜,王秀明,张碧星.井孔的声场和波.北京:科学出版社,2004:11-15
[44] 沈建国.应用声学基础.天津:天津大学出版社,2004:21-22
[45] Mandelbrot B B,Passoja D E,Paullay A J.Fractal character of fracture surface of metals .Nature,1984,308(19):721-723
[46] Stanley H E,Meakin P.Multifractal Phenomena in physics and chemistry.Nature,1998,335(6189):405-409
[47] Chen Z W,Wang X P,Tan S,et al.Multifractal behavior of crystallization on Au/Ge bilayer films.Phys Rev B,2001;63(3):165-169
[48] 李云省,肖先赐.声波测井信号的分形特征研究.信号处理,2002;18(2):186-188
[49] 文环明,肖慈询,李瑞等.测井曲线的多重分形分析方法研究.测井技术,2004;28(5):381-385
[50] 刘红歧,夏红泉,王拥军等.地层胶结指数 m 的分形特征研究.测井技术,2001,25(1):24-27
[51] 李春峰.分形分析在测井数据应用中的几个问题.测井技术,2005,29(1):15-19
[52] K.Falconer.Fractal GeometryMathematical Foundations and Applications,Wiley,New York,1990
[53] 李后强,汪富泉.分形——大自然的艺术构造.济南:山东教育出版社,1995:24-27
[54] 王才经.现代应用数学.东营:石油大学出版社,2004:24-26
[55] 车小花,乔文孝,闫向宏.不同胶结状况对固井质量测井影响的模拟实验研究.测井技术,2005;29(3):185-187
[56] 李海生,杨峰,乔文孝等.套管外水气窜槽对首波的影响.测井技术,2004;28(1):27-29
[2] 刘呈冰.套管井测井解释原理与应用.高中民译.北京:石油工业出版社,1988:89-105
[3] 王天波,刘正锋,张宇晓等.声幅变密度测井定量评价固井质量的研究.测井技术,2002;26(1):55-59
[4] Brown.New Developments in Sonic Wave Train Display and Analysis in Cased Holes[A].SP WLA Eleventh Annual Logging Symp,1970;5 :3-6
[5] Tubman K MandCheng C H , et al.Synthetic Full-Waveform Acoustic Logs in Cased Borehole,Ⅱ-poorly Bonded Casing.Geophysics,1986;51(4):902-913
[6] Cai H,Lockyear C.Cement Bond Logs-A New Analysis to Improve Reliability.SPE,23729,1992
[7] 孙建孟,苏远大,李召成等.定量评价固井Ⅱ界面胶结质量的方法研究.测井技术,2004;28(3):199-202
[8] 朱世和,李哲.辽河测井公司固井质量评价技术.测井技术,2004;28(2):13-18
[9] 张秀梅,孙建孟,陈雪莲.扇区水泥胶结测井(SBT)响应的数值模拟.测井技术,2004;28(6):515-517
[10] 李哲.MARK-Ⅱ和CГДТ-HB测井在辽河油f的应用.测井技术,2003;27(3):250-253
[11] 薛梅,楚泽涵,李艳华等.对固井质量解释评价若干问题的探讨.测井技术,2000;24(6):470-475
[12] 胡来福,姜岳庆,邓基华.CAST-V井周声波扫描仪及其应用.石油仪器,2004;18(1):44-46
[13] 张守谦.成像测井技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:15-19
[14] 葛承河.CAST方位测试及校准方.测井技术,2004;28(2):171-176
[15] 段方勇,吴今培,曲万里等.BP神经网络对固井质量信号的分类能力的研究.信号处理,1998;14(1):1-7
[16] 余厚全,黄载禄,刘益成.利用超声波回波序列分析法识别固井质量.江汉石油学院学报,1994;16(2):49-53
[17] 黄文新,张忠明,王冠贵.用斯通利波评价套管井水泥胶结质量.江汉石油学院学报,1994;16(2):85-89
[18] 乔文孝.直接耦合法评价水泥胶结质量的实验研究.测井技术,2004;28(5):392-396
[19] 夏克文,陈文辉,胡兴卫等.用神经网络识别水泥胶结质量.测井技术,1996;2(3):207-209
[20] T.A.Hewett.Fractal Distribution of Reservoir Heterogeneity and Their Influence on Fluid Transport.SPE 15386,1986
[21] A.S.Emanuel,et al.Reservoir Performance Prediction Methods on Fractal Geostatistics.SPE 16971,1987
[22] T.A.Hewett , and R.A.Behrens.Conditional Simulation of Reservoir Heterogeneity With Fractal.SPE 18326,1988
[23] 杜功焕等.声学基础.南京:南京大学出版社,2001:108-112
[24] 郭崇光.超声成像测井法在晋城岩溶水勘探中的应用,中国煤田地质,1995;3(7):99-102
[25] 贺长宏等.SBT 声波测井换能器分析.石油仪器,2004;2(3):34-38
[26] 沈建国等.声波测井压电换能器的一致性问题.石油仪器,2002;16(6):33-35
[27] 谢忠联,贾光美.偶极子声波测井.国外测井技术,1989;4(2):15-26
[28] 王冠贵.声波测井理论基础及其应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1998:123-125
[29] 郭海敏.生产测井导论.北京:石油工业出版社,2003:74-79
[30] Biot M A.Propagation of elastic waves in a cylindrical bore containing a fluid.J.Appl.Phys.,1952;23(9):997-1005
[31] ZHANG Hailan.Numerical study of acoustic field of borehole in slow formation.C.J.Geophysics,1993;36(1):137-144
[32] 沈建国,张海澜.井内偏心声源激发的三维声场的数值研究.地球物理学报,2000;43(2):279-286
[33] 胡文详,钱梦騄.套管井声场合成波形及其时频特征.声学学报,2002;27(3):223-228
[34] 沈建国,陈宇,卢克安.圆管内的偏心声源在圆管内外激发的声场.声学学报,2003;28(5):475-480
[35] LIN Weijun,ZHANG Chengyu,ZHANG Hailan.The experimen- tal study of acoustic field in an asymmetric borehole.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2003;22(4):346-351
[36] Stephen R A,Cardo C F.Finite-difference synthetic acoustic logs.Geophysics,1985;50(10):1588-1606
[37] CHEN Yonghua.A three-dimensional finite difference code for modeling of sonic logging tools.J.Acoustics.Soc.Am. , 1981 ; 3(2):702-712
[38] LIU Qinghuo.A three-dimensional finite difference simulation of sonic logging.J.Acoustics.Soc.Am.,1996;100(1):72-79
[39] Randall C J. Multipole acoustic waveforms in nonaxisymmetric boreholes and formations.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1991;90(3):1620-1631
[40] Leslie H D , Randall C J.Multipole sources in boreholes penetrating anisotropic formation.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1992;91(1):12-27
[41] 林伟军,张澄宇,张海澜等.带扇区窜槽的套管井声场.声学学报,2005;30(1):9-14
[42] 林伟军,张海澜.2.5维有限差分算法在井孔声场研究中的应用.工程地球物理学报,2004;1(1):78-82
[43] 张海澜,王秀明,张碧星.井孔的声场和波.北京:科学出版社,2004:11-15
[44] 沈建国.应用声学基础.天津:天津大学出版社,2004:21-22
[45] Mandelbrot B B,Passoja D E,Paullay A J.Fractal character of fracture surface of metals .Nature,1984,308(19):721-723
[46] Stanley H E,Meakin P.Multifractal Phenomena in physics and chemistry.Nature,1998,335(6189):405-409
[47] Chen Z W,Wang X P,Tan S,et al.Multifractal behavior of crystallization on Au/Ge bilayer films.Phys Rev B,2001;63(3):165-169
[48] 李云省,肖先赐.声波测井信号的分形特征研究.信号处理,2002;18(2):186-188
[49] 文环明,肖慈询,李瑞等.测井曲线的多重分形分析方法研究.测井技术,2004;28(5):381-385
[50] 刘红歧,夏红泉,王拥军等.地层胶结指数 m 的分形特征研究.测井技术,2001,25(1):24-27
[51] 李春峰.分形分析在测井数据应用中的几个问题.测井技术,2005,29(1):15-19
[52] K.Falconer.Fractal GeometryMathematical Foundations and Applications,Wiley,New York,1990
[53] 李后强,汪富泉.分形——大自然的艺术构造.济南:山东教育出版社,1995:24-27
[54] 王才经.现代应用数学.东营:石油大学出版社,2004:24-26
[55] 车小花,乔文孝,闫向宏.不同胶结状况对固井质量测井影响的模拟实验研究.测井技术,2005;29(3):185-187
[56] 李海生,杨峰,乔文孝等.套管外水气窜槽对首波的影响.测井技术,2004;28(1):27-29